Bump version to v0.7.5

- `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` / `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` are honoured only when absolute
  (XDG spec; matches `bread_utils::xdg`), in layerrules and output.
- `output::atomic_write` pid-suffixes its temp name (`.<name>.tmp.<pid>`)
  so two concurrent `bread-theme generate-output` runs writing the same
  `themes/<output>.css` can't race on one shared `.tmp`.
- `hypr::socket_path` reconstructs `/run/user/<uid>` from the process's
  real uid when `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` is unset, instead of assuming 1000.
- `bread-theme --help` prints to stdout (pipeable); usage on an error
  path (missing args) goes to stderr.

.forgejo/workflows/dev-bakery.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+name: dev bakery
+
+# Publishes a dev-track build on every push to `main` (the trunk branch —
+# there is no separate `dev` branch). See docs/release-channels.md for the
+# release-track policy this is part of.
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ['main']
+    paths:
+      - 'bakery/**'
+      - 'bread-utils/**'
+      - 'Cargo.toml'
+      - 'Cargo.lock'
+      - '.forgejo/workflows/dev-bakery.yml'
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf src && mkdir src
+          git clone --branch main --depth 1 \
+            "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" src
+
+      - name: build
+        run: cd src && cargo build --release --locked -p bakery
+
+      - name: test
+        run: cd src && cargo test --release --locked -p bakery
+
+      # Auto-bumps the patch version from Cargo.toml and appends a
+      # timestamp+sha dev suffix — no developer discipline required, and the
+      # result is visibly "ahead of" the last stable patch release while
+      # staying valid semver (comparable within the dev track by bakery's
+      # `is_newer`).
+      - name: compute dev version
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          cd src
+          # Base the dev version off the latest published stable tag,
+          # not Cargo.toml — Cargo.toml can go stale relative to the last
+          # real release (seen in practice: breadbox/breadpad/breadcrumbs/
+          # breadpaper), which would make a dev build sort as OLDER than
+          # what's already installed and bakery would correctly refuse it.
+          LATEST_TAG="$(git ls-remote --tags --refs \
+            "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" 'v*' \
+            | awk -F/ '{print $NF}' | sed 's/^v//' | (grep -v -- '-' || true) | sort -V | tail -1)"
+          if [ -n "${LATEST_TAG}" ]; then
+            CUR="${LATEST_TAG}"
+          else
+            CUR="$(grep -m1 '^version' Cargo.toml | sed -E 's/.*"(.*)".*/\1/')"
+          fi
+          IFS='.' read -r MA MI PA <<< "${CUR}"
+          SHA="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+          TS="$(date -u +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
+          echo "VERSION=${MA}.${MI}.$((PA + 1))-dev.${TS}+${SHA}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: prepare artifacts
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/dev/bakery/${VERSION}"
+          mkdir -p "${PKG_DIR}"
+          cp "src/target/release/bakery" "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64"
+          strip "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64"
+          sha256sum "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64" | awk '{print $1}' \
+            > "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64.sha256"
+          cp src/bakery.toml "${PKG_DIR}/bakery.toml"
+          ln -sfn "${VERSION}" "/srv/breadway-dl/dev/bakery/latest"
+
+      - name: sign dev binary
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/dev/bakery/${VERSION}"
+          if [ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            minisign -W -S -s "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY}" -m "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64" \
+              -x "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64.minisig" </dev/null
+            echo "signed bakery-x86_64"
+          else
+            echo "::warning::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH not set — shipping bakery-x86_64 UNSIGNED"
+          fi
+
+      # No GitHub Release upload step here, unlike release-bakery.yml — dev
+      # builds happen on every push and would spam a release per commit, so
+      # dl.breadway.dev/dev/ is the only distribution point for this track.
+      - name: regenerate dev index.json
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+          TRACK: dev
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH secret not set — refusing to regenerate dev index.json unsigned (would leave a stale signature mismatched against fresh content and break bakery for everyone on the dev track)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh

.forgejo/workflows/dev-bread-theme.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+name: dev bread-theme
+
+# Publishes a dev-track build on every push to `main` (the trunk branch —
+# there is no separate `dev` branch). See docs/release-channels.md for the
+# release-track policy this is part of.
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: ['main']
+    paths:
+      - 'bread-theme/**'
+      - 'Cargo.toml'
+      - 'Cargo.lock'
+      - '.forgejo/workflows/dev-bread-theme.yml'
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf src && mkdir src
+          git clone --branch main --depth 1 \
+            "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" src
+
+      - name: build
+        run: cd src && cargo build --release --locked -p bread-theme --bin bread-theme
+
+      - name: compute dev version
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          cd src
+          # Base the dev version off the latest published stable tag,
+          # not Cargo.toml — Cargo.toml can go stale relative to the last
+          # real release (seen in practice: breadbox/breadpad/breadcrumbs/
+          # breadpaper), which would make a dev build sort as OLDER than
+          # what's already installed and bakery would correctly refuse it.
+          LATEST_TAG="$(git ls-remote --tags --refs \
+            "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" 'v*' \
+            | awk -F/ '{print $NF}' | sed 's/^v//' | (grep -v -- '-' || true) | sort -V | tail -1)"
+          if [ -n "${LATEST_TAG}" ]; then
+            CUR="${LATEST_TAG}"
+          else
+            CUR="$(grep -m1 '^version' Cargo.toml | sed -E 's/.*"(.*)".*/\1/')"
+          fi
+          IFS='.' read -r MA MI PA <<< "${CUR}"
+          SHA="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+          TS="$(date -u +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
+          echo "VERSION=${MA}.${MI}.$((PA + 1))-dev.${TS}+${SHA}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: prepare artifacts
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/dev/bread-theme/${VERSION}"
+          mkdir -p "${PKG_DIR}"
+          cp "src/target/release/bread-theme" "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64"
+          strip "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64"
+          sha256sum "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64" | awk '{print $1}' \
+            > "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64.sha256"
+          cp src/bread-theme/bakery.toml "${PKG_DIR}/bakery.toml"
+          ln -sfn "${VERSION}" "/srv/breadway-dl/dev/bread-theme/latest"
+
+      - name: sign dev binary
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/dev/bread-theme/${VERSION}"
+          if [ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            minisign -W -S -s "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY}" -m "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64" \
+              -x "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64.minisig" </dev/null
+            echo "signed bread-theme-x86_64"
+          else
+            echo "::warning::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH not set — shipping bread-theme-x86_64 UNSIGNED"
+          fi
+
+      - name: regenerate dev index.json
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+          TRACK: dev
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH secret not set — refusing to regenerate dev index.json unsigned (would leave a stale signature mismatched against fresh content and break bakery for everyone on the dev track)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh

.forgejo/workflows/mirror.yml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: Mirror to GitHub
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: ['**']
-    tags: ['**']
-
-jobs:
-  mirror:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
-    steps:
-      - name: Mirror to GitHub
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          git clone --mirror "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" repo.git
-          cd repo.git
-          # Mirror only branches and tags (not refs/pull/*, which GitHub rejects);
-          # --prune deletes GitHub refs that no longer exist on Forgejo.
-          git push --prune \
-            "https://x-access-token:${{ secrets.MIRROR_TOKEN }}@github.com/Breadway/bread-ecosystem.git" \
-            '+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*' '+refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'

.forgejo/workflows/package.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   package:
+    # PKGBUILD pkgver cannot contain `-`; skip RC tags the same way
+    # release-bakery.yml does.
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, '-rc.') }}
     runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
     container:
       image: archlinux:latest

.forgejo/workflows/rc-bakery.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+name: beta (rc) bakery
+
+# Publishes a beta-track build for any `vX.Y.Z-rc.N` prerelease tag pushed
+# to `main` — there is no separate `beta` branch; "freezing" is just
+# pausing pushes to main while an RC gets tested. See
+# docs/release-channels.md for the release-track policy.
+on:
+  push:
+    tags: ['v*']
+    # No paths: filter. Tag pushes compare against an unrelated commit and
+    # would skip the RC publish if bakery/** wasn't in that diff; the job
+    # `if: contains -rc.` is the real gate.
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    if: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, '-rc.') }}
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf src && mkdir src
+          git clone --branch "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" --depth 1 \
+            "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" src
+
+      - name: build
+        run: cd src && cargo build --release --locked -p bakery
+
+      - name: test
+        run: cd src && cargo test --release --locked -p bakery
+
+      - name: prepare artifacts
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          VERSION="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}"
+          echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/beta/bakery/${VERSION}"
+          mkdir -p "${PKG_DIR}"
+          cp "src/target/release/bakery" "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64"
+          strip "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64"
+          sha256sum "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64" | awk '{print $1}' \
+            > "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64.sha256"
+          cp src/bakery.toml "${PKG_DIR}/bakery.toml"
+          ln -sfn "${VERSION}" "/srv/breadway-dl/beta/bakery/latest"
+
+      - name: sign beta binary
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/beta/bakery/${VERSION}"
+          if [ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            minisign -W -S -s "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY}" -m "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64" \
+              -x "${PKG_DIR}/bakery-x86_64.minisig" </dev/null
+            echo "signed bakery-x86_64"
+          else
+            echo "::warning::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH not set — shipping bakery-x86_64 UNSIGNED"
+          fi
+
+      # No GitHub Release upload step here, unlike release-bakery.yml — beta
+      # builds happen on every push while the branch is frozen for testing,
+      # so dl.breadway.dev/beta/ is the only distribution point for this track.
+      - name: regenerate beta index.json
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+          TRACK: beta
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH secret not set — refusing to regenerate beta index.json unsigned (would leave a stale signature mismatched against fresh content and break bakery for everyone on the beta track)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh

.forgejo/workflows/rc-bread-theme.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+name: beta (rc) bread-theme
+
+# Publishes a beta-track build for any `vX.Y.Z-rc.N` prerelease tag pushed
+# to `main` — there is no separate `beta` branch; "freezing" is just
+# pausing pushes to main while an RC gets tested. See
+# docs/release-channels.md for the release-track policy.
+on:
+  push:
+    tags: ['v*']
+    # No paths: filter. Tag pushes compare against an unrelated commit and
+    # would skip the RC publish if bread-theme/** wasn't in that diff; the
+    # job `if: contains -rc.` is the real gate.
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    if: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, '-rc.') }}
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          rm -rf src && mkdir src
+          git clone --branch "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" --depth 1 \
+            "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" src
+
+      - name: build
+        run: cd src && cargo build --release --locked -p bread-theme --bin bread-theme
+
+      - name: prepare artifacts
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          VERSION="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}"
+          echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/beta/bread-theme/${VERSION}"
+          mkdir -p "${PKG_DIR}"
+          cp "src/target/release/bread-theme" "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64"
+          strip "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64"
+          sha256sum "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64" | awk '{print $1}' \
+            > "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64.sha256"
+          cp src/bread-theme/bakery.toml "${PKG_DIR}/bakery.toml"
+          ln -sfn "${VERSION}" "/srv/breadway-dl/beta/bread-theme/latest"
+
+      - name: sign beta binary
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          PKG_DIR="/srv/breadway-dl/beta/bread-theme/${VERSION}"
+          if [ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            minisign -W -S -s "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY}" -m "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64" \
+              -x "${PKG_DIR}/bread-theme-x86_64.minisig" </dev/null
+            echo "signed bread-theme-x86_64"
+          else
+            echo "::warning::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH not set — shipping bread-theme-x86_64 UNSIGNED"
+          fi
+
+      - name: regenerate beta index.json
+        env:
+          MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
+          TRACK: beta
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH secret not set — refusing to regenerate beta index.json unsigned (would leave a stale signature mismatched against fresh content and break bakery for everyone on the beta track)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh

.forgejo/workflows/release-bakery.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   build:
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, '-rc.') }}
     runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -58,7 +59,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: regenerate index.json
         env:
           MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
-        run: cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH secret not set — refusing to regenerate stable index.json unsigned (would leave a stale signature mismatched against fresh content and break bakery for everyone on the stable track)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh
 
       - name: upload to GitHub Release
         env:

.forgejo/workflows/release-bread-theme.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   build:
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, '-rc.') }}
     runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -56,7 +57,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: regenerate index.json
         env:
           MINISIGN_SEC_KEY: ${{ secrets.BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH }}
-        run: cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ -z "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]; then
+            echo "::error::BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH secret not set — refusing to regenerate stable index.json unsigned (would leave a stale signature mismatched against fresh content and break bakery for everyone on the stable track)"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          cd src && bash scripts/gen-index.sh
 
       - name: upload to GitHub Release
         env:

.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,9 @@
 # scripts/get.sh for how it's consumed via MINISIGN_SEC_KEY).
 *.minisign-sec
 minisign.key
+
+# Local tool caches — not build output, never belongs in the repo.
+# (breadbar already excludes graphify-out; this repo did not, and 111k lines
+# of it were swept in by a `git add -A`.)
+graphify-out/
+.grok/

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# AGENTS.md — Repo hygiene
+
+Scope: this file covers *repo hygiene* — branching, remotes, CI, cleanup. It is not project documentation.
+
+Follow [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](CONTRIBUTING.md) for any git, branch, or release work. Channel/track policy lives in [`docs/release-channels.md`](docs/release-channels.md). The product list is [`registry/bread-ecosystem.toml`](registry/bread-ecosystem.toml) — regenerate the README table with `scripts/gen-readme-products.sh` after editing it. Don't invent a second long-lived branch; there is only `main`. Bakery's package version **must** match `[workspace.package] version` in the root `Cargo.toml` at tag time (`bakery --version` is compiled from that field; `bakery list` reports the git tag) — never push a `v*` tag without bumping Cargo.toml to the same `X.Y.Z`.
+
+## Remotes
+- `origin` — Forgejo (`git.breadway.dev` via Hestia, SSH) — authoritative.
+- `github` — GitHub mirror. Push both when publishing.
+
+## CI
+- `.forgejo/workflows/package.yml`, `release-bakery.yml`, `release-bread-theme.yml` all trigger on `push: tags: ['v*']`, gated to skip any tag containing `-rc.` — pushing to `main` doesn't run these. Tag a release to trigger packaging.
+- `dev-bakery.yml` / `dev-bread-theme.yml` trigger on `push: branches: ['main']`; `rc-bakery.yml` / `rc-bread-theme.yml` trigger on `push: tags: ['v*']` gated to *only* run for `-rc.` tags — both auto-publish a signed, auto-versioned build to `dl.breadway.dev/{dev,beta}/`. See `docs/release-channels.md` for the full track (stable/beta/dev) policy.
+- No build/lint/test CI runs on ordinary commits or PRs to `main` beyond the dev-track workflow above — there's no separate lint/PR-check pipeline.
+
+## Cleanup
+- Delete feature/fix branches (local + remote) once merged. Check with `git branch --merged main`.
+- A `fix/audit-findings` branch and a merged `copilot/create-readme-md` branch (both local and on `origin`/`github`) were found stale and fully merged here on 2026-07-21 and removed.
+
+## Don't
+- Don't embed credentials in remote URLs — SSH or a credential helper only.
+- Don't flip bakery's default install prefix. System prefix (`/usr/local` via
+  `/etc/bakery/config.toml` or `BAKERY_PREFIX`) is for BOS; hermes and
+  `get.sh` stay on `~/.local`. See [`bakery/README.md`](bakery/README.md).

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# Contributing
+
+This repo is a Cargo workspace. Bakery-channel products shipped from here
+are `bakery` (the ecosystem package manager) and `bread-theme` (the shared
+theming crate). Shared crates that sibling apps pin — not bakery packages
+of their own — are `bread-utils`, `bread-app`, `bread-onnx`,
+`bread-screenshots`, and `bread-capture`. `bread-polkit` is an in-tree
+session agent: it has `bread-polkit/bakery.toml` so it *can* be published,
+but it is not in `registry/bread-ecosystem.toml` (unpublished — not on
+the bakery index, not on the BOS ISO). Other ecosystem products
+(`bread`, `breadbar`, `breadbox`, …) live in their own repos under
+`Breadway/` but follow the same workflow described here. The product list
+is `registry/bread-ecosystem.toml`. New GTK tools should depend on
+`bread-app` instead of copying another app's bootstrap.
+
+## Branches
+
+There is one long-lived branch: **`main`**. All day-to-day work lands here.
+Every push to `main` automatically builds and publishes a **dev-track**
+build for both products (see Tracks below) — use this to test your change
+in a real install before cutting anything more formal.
+
+New work — features and bug fixes alike — goes on a short-lived branch:
+
+```
+feature/<short-name>
+fix/<issue-number-or-short-name>
+```
+
+Branch off `main`, open a PR/push back into `main` when ready. Short-lived
+branches get deleted on merge — they never accumulate the kind of drift a
+second long-lived branch does.
+
+## The release cycle
+
+There's no separate `beta` or release branch — "stable" and "beta" are both
+just **tags** on `main`, not branches that need to be kept in sync:
+
+1. Work accumulates on `main` via `feature/x` / `fix/x` branches. Each push
+   auto-publishes a dev build for both `bakery` and `bread-theme` — install
+   with `bakery track set dev` and `bakery update --all`, then fix anything
+   broken with another push.
+2. When you want to stabilize before a real release, tag a release
+   candidate: `git tag vX.Y.Z-rc.1 && git push origin vX.Y.Z-rc.1` (push to
+   both remotes). That tag alone triggers a beta-track build —
+   "freezing" is just pausing pushes to `main` while you test it, not a
+   branch operation. Cut `-rc.2`, `-rc.3`, etc. for further fixes.
+3. Once an RC has gone without issues, tag the real release:
+   `git tag vX.Y.Z && git push origin vX.Y.Z` — that's what triggers the
+   signed stable release build.
+
+**Version honesty**: bakery's compiled `--version` is
+`[workspace.package] version` in the root `Cargo.toml`. The bakery
+package version in the index (what `bakery list` shows) is the git tag.
+Those must match at tag time — bump `workspace.package.version` to
+`X.Y.Z` *before* pushing `vX.Y.Z` or `vX.Y.Z-rc.N`. Never jump a tag
+(e.g. `v0.3.1` → `v0.7.1`) without that Cargo.toml bump; the resulting
+binary will report the old workspace version while the index claims the
+new tag.
+
+**Note**: `bakery` and `bread-theme` share the same `v*` tag pattern
+(both `release-bakery.yml` and `release-bread-theme.yml` trigger on
+`tags: ['v*']`, pre-existing behavior this doc isn't changing) — a single
+tag push builds and publishes a release for *both* products at once. If
+you ever need to release one independently of the other, that's a real gap
+worth fixing in the workflow files themselves, not something to work around
+by hand.
+
+## Tracks, from a user's perspective
+
+```
+bakery track show              # what you're currently on (defaults to stable)
+bakery track set dev           # or beta, or stable
+bakery update --all            # pull the latest build on your current track
+```
+
+| Track  | What it is | Published from |
+|--------|-----------|-----------------|
+| `stable` | The last tagged release | a `vX.Y.Z` tag |
+| `beta` | Latest release candidate | a `vX.Y.Z-rc.N` tag |
+| `dev` | Bleeding edge | `main`, on every push |
+
+Dev versions are auto-computed (`X.Y.Z-dev.<timestamp>+<sha>`) from the
+latest published stable tag, so they always sort as newer than what you
+have installed — no manual version bumping needed. Beta versions are just
+the RC tag itself (already valid semver, already sorts below the real
+release it's a candidate for).
+
+## Local development
+
+```sh
+cargo build --release -p bakery
+cargo test --release -p bakery
+```
+
+`bakery`, `bread-theme`, `bread-utils`, `bread-app`, `bread-polkit`,
+`bread-onnx`, `bread-screenshots`, and `bread-capture` are all workspace
+members. Run the same commands with `-p bread-theme --bin bread-theme`
+for that crate, `-p bread-utils --features bread-client` for the IPC
+client, or `-p bread-app --features bread-client` for the GTK bootstrap
+helpers.
+
+## CI
+
+- `dev-bakery.yml` / `dev-bread-theme.yml` — triggered on push to `main`.
+- `rc-bakery.yml` / `rc-bread-theme.yml` — triggered on any `vX.Y.Z-rc.N`
+  tag push.
+- `release-bakery.yml` / `release-bread-theme.yml` — triggered on any other
+  `v*` tag push, cuts the actual stable release.
+- `package.yml` — publishes `bakery` to the `[breadway]` pacman repo, also
+  tag-triggered.
+
+All CI runs on a self-hosted runner; nothing runs automatically on plain
+commits or PRs beyond the track builds above. See
+[`docs/release-channels.md`](docs/release-channels.md) for the full policy,
+including how a new product gets wired onto these tracks.
+
+## Questions
+
+Open an issue on this repo's Forgejo tracker.

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["bakery", "bread-theme", "bread-utils", "bread-onnx"]
+members = ["bakery", "bread-theme", "bread-utils", "bread-onnx", "bread-screenshots", "bread-capture", "bread-app", "bread-polkit", "bread-launcher"]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.7.5"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 authors = ["Breadway <plasticbread849@gmail.com>"]
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ clap = { version = "4", features = ["derive", "env"] }
 chrono = "0.4"
 minisign-verify = "0.2"
 tracing = "0.1"
+semver = "1"
 
 [profile.release]
 lto = "thin"

README.md

@@ -4,20 +4,36 @@ A collection of Rust tools for the Linux desktop (Hyprland / Wayland / Arch).
 Install any product with a single command — no Rust toolchain required.
 
 ```sh
-curl https://breadway.dev/get | sh
+curl -fsSL https://get.breadway.dev | sh
 bakery install breadbar
 ```
 
 ## Products
 
+The table below is generated from [`registry/bread-ecosystem.toml`](registry/bread-ecosystem.toml). Regenerate with `scripts/gen-readme-products.sh`.
+
+<!-- gen-readme-products:start -->
+
 | Package | Description |
 |---------|-------------|
-| `bread` | Reactive automation daemon (`breadd`) + CLI — Lua scripting over Hyprland, udev, power, network, and Bluetooth events |
-| `breadbar` | GTK4 status bar (workspaces, clock, CPU/RAM/battery/WiFi/Bluetooth) and D-Bus notification daemon for Hyprland |
-| `breadbox` | GTK4 fuzzy app launcher for Hyprland with context-aware sorting; ships an icon-sync daemon (`breadbox-sync`) |
-| `breadcrumbs` | Profile-aware Wi-Fi state machine with Tailscale exit-node management and a self-healing watch daemon |
-| `breadpad` | Quick-capture scratchpad popup with AI-powered note classification, reminders, recurrence, and a full note viewer (`breadman`) |
+| `bakery` | Bread ecosystem package manager |
+| `bread-theme` | Shared pywal-accented, fixed-dark-base theming CLI for the bread ecosystem |
+| `bread` | Reactive automation daemon and CLI for Linux desktops |
+| `breadbar` | Minimal status bar and notification daemon for Hyprland |
+| `breadbox` | App launcher for Hyprland / Wayland |
+| `breadcrumbs` | Profile-aware Wi-Fi state machine with Tailscale integration |
+| `breadpad` | Quick-capture scratchpad and note viewer with AI classification |
 | `breadpaper` | Wallpaper manager for the bread desktop |
+| `breadmon` | Terminal UI monitor manager for Hyprland |
+| `breadsearch` | Semantic system-wide search for BOS |
+| `breadclip` | Wayland clipboard history manager for Hyprland |
+| `breadshot` | Screenshot utility for the bread ecosystem |
+| `bos-settings` | System settings app for Bread OS |
+| `breadhelp` | Onboarding and help center for Bread OS |
+| `breadcast` | Cast your screen to any Chromecast/Google TV or DLNA renderer — daemon + GTK4 popup — Bakery product; not included in the BOS ISO |
+| `breadarr` | Single-daemon Sonarr+Radarr+Prowlarr replacement — release watching, matching, grabbing, importing, and a terminal UI, no web UI — Homelab, not shipped on BOS |
+
+<!-- gen-readme-products:end -->
 
 ## Recommended keybinds
 
@@ -68,9 +84,7 @@ spacing, radii, colour roles) the stylesheet is built from.
 `bakery` is the package manager for the ecosystem. Install it with the bootstrap script:
 
 ```sh
-curl https://breadway.dev/get | sh
-# or
-curl -sSfL https://get.breadway.dev | sh
+curl -fsSL https://get.breadway.dev | sh
 ```
 
 The script downloads the prebuilt `bakery` binary to `~/.local/bin/bakery` and prints a note if that directory isn't on your `PATH` yet.
@@ -92,6 +106,26 @@ bakery remove <pkg>            # remove a package (data files are never deleted)
 
 `bakery install` runs `doctor` first and bails with a clear message if any system dependency is missing. Binaries land in `~/.local/bin` (override with `BAKERY_BIN_DIR`).
 
+## System prefix (BOS)
+
+Default install root is `~/.local`. BOS sets a system prefix so bakery-managed
+desktop apps live on the `@` root subvolume and ride along with
+snapper/grub-btrfs snapshots:
+
+```toml
+# /etc/bakery/config.toml
+prefix = "/usr/local"
+```
+
+`BAKERY_PREFIX` overrides the config file. A non-home prefix installs bins to
+`$prefix/bin`, share/data/desktop/licenses to `$prefix/share/...`, and systemd
+user units to `/usr/lib/systemd/user`. Per-user state (`installed.json`,
+update backups) stays in `~/.local/state/bakery`. Writes that need root use
+`sudo -n`, then `pkexec`. `bakery doctor` prints the active prefix.
+
+Hermes and `get.sh` are unchanged — they keep the user-local default. See
+[`bakery/README.md`](bakery/README.md).
+
 ## System dependencies by product
 
 `bakery doctor` checks these automatically before any install. Required deps block installation; optional deps generate a warning but never block.
@@ -109,22 +143,66 @@ Install all required deps with `sudo pacman -S <packages>`. Use `pacman -Q <pkg>
 
 ## Workspace
 
-This repo is a Cargo workspace:
+This repo is a Cargo workspace. Bakery-channel products shipped from here
+are `bakery` and `bread-theme`; the other members are shared crates sibling
+apps pin, or in-tree tools that are not bakery packages of their own.
 
 ```
 bread-ecosystem/
 ├── bakery/              # package manager binary
 ├── bread-theme/         # shared pywal + fixed-dark-base theming crate
+├── bread-utils/         # shared plumbing (Hyprland IPC, singleton, XDG, BreadClient, …)
+├── bread-app/           # GTK bootstrap new tools should use (app id, singleton, overlay, command listen)
+├── bread-polkit/        # themed PolicyKit agent (bakery.toml present; unpublished)
+├── bread-onnx/          # shared ONNX runtime helpers
+├── bread-screenshots/   # grim capture primitive used by app `--screenshot` modes
+├── bread-capture/       # orchestrator that drives those `--screenshot` modes
 ├── registry/            # bread-ecosystem.toml — product registry
 └── scripts/
     ├── get.sh                   # curl | sh bootstrap
-    └── gen-index.sh # generates dl.breadway.dev/index.json from release artifacts
+    ├── gen-index.sh             # generates dl.breadway.dev/index.json from release artifacts
+    └── gen-readme-products.sh   # rewrites the Products table from the registry
+```
+
+### New GTK tools
+
+Do not copy another app's `main.rs`. Depend on `bread-app`:
+
+- `bread_app::application_id` / `try_acquire` / `toggle_or_kill` for the
+  `com.breadway.*` application id and single-instance lock
+- feature `gtk` re-exports `bread_utils::gtk_popup` (layer-shell overlay)
+- feature `bread-client` for `listen_commands` on `bread.command.<app>.**`
+
+See the `bread-app` crate docs. Existing apps are not migrated in this
+tree; `bread-polkit` is the first in-tree consumer.
+
+### bread-polkit
+
+A session PolicyKit authentication agent (password prompt, cancel,
+identity). Not a wrapper around `polkit-gnome`. `bread-polkit/bakery.toml`
+exists so it can be published via bakery; it is not in
+`registry/bread-ecosystem.toml` and is therefore unpublished — not on the
+bakery index and not on the BOS ISO lockfile.
+
+```sh
+cargo run -p bread-polkit
+```
+
+Autostart — pick one:
+
+```sh
+cp bread-polkit/contrib/bread-polkit.desktop ~/.config/autostart/
+```
+
+```
+# hyprland.conf
+exec-once = bread-polkit
 ```
 
 ## Release pipeline
 
-Each product repo (`Breadway/bread`, `Breadway/breadbar`, …) has a
-`.github/workflows/release.yml` that triggers on `v*` tags. The workflow
+Each product repo (`Breadway/bread`, `Breadway/breadbar`, …) has
+`.forgejo/workflows/release-*.yml` that triggers on `v*` tags. The workflow
 runs on a self-hosted runner on hestia, builds a stripped x86_64 binary,
 deposits it at `dl.breadway.dev/<pkg>/<version>/`, updates `index.json`,
 and mirrors the binary to GitHub Releases as a fallback.
@@ -132,6 +210,12 @@ and mirrors the binary to GitHub Releases as a fallback.
 `bakery` always tries `dl.breadway.dev` first and transparently falls back
 to the GitHub Release URL recorded in the manifest.
 
+Beyond stable releases, most products also publish **dev** and **beta**
+tracks — continuous builds off `main` (dev) and `vX.Y.Z-rc.N` tags (beta).
+See [`CONTRIBUTING.md`](CONTRIBUTING.md) for the branch/release workflow and
+[`docs/release-channels.md`](docs/release-channels.md) for the full track
+policy. Switch tracks with `bakery track set <stable|beta|dev>`.
+
 ### Release artifact contract
 
 Each product's `release.yml` **must** upload the following files alongside

bakery/Cargo.toml

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ ureq = { workspace = true }
 sha2 = { workspace = true }
 hex = { workspace = true }
 clap = { workspace = true }
+clap_complete = "4"
 chrono = { workspace = true }
 minisign-verify = { workspace = true }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
+semver = { workspace = true }
+bread-utils = { path = "../bread-utils" }
+fs4 = { version = "0.8", features = ["sync"] }
 tempfile = "3"

bakery/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# bakery
+
+Package manager for the bread ecosystem. Usage lives in the
+[repo README](../README.md).
+
+## Install prefix
+
+Default root is `~/.local` (bins in `~/.local/bin`, data in
+`~/.local/share`). That is the hermes / `get.sh` path and must stay the
+default.
+
+BOS sets a system prefix so bakery-managed desktop apps live on the `@`
+root subvolume and are included in snapper/grub-btrfs snapshots:
+
+```toml
+# /etc/bakery/config.toml
+prefix = "/usr/local"
+```
+
+`BAKERY_PREFIX` overrides the config file. A non-home prefix installs:
+
+| Thing | Path |
+|-------|------|
+| bins | `$prefix/bin` |
+| share / desktop / licenses / data | `$prefix/share/...` |
+| systemd user units | `/usr/lib/systemd/user` |
+
+Per-user state (`installed.json` and pre-update backups) stays in
+`~/.local/state/bakery`. Writes that need root use `sudo -n`, then
+`pkexec`. `bakery doctor` prints the active prefix.

bakery/src/doctor.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::ui;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use std::process::Command;
 
@@ -10,18 +11,48 @@ pub struct DepReport {
 
 pub fn check_deps(required: &[String], optional: &[String]) -> Result<DepReport> {
     Ok(DepReport {
-        missing: required.iter().filter(|d| !dep_present(d)).cloned().collect(),
-        warnings: optional.iter().filter(|d| !dep_present(d)).cloned().collect(),
+        missing: required
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|d| !dep_present(d))
+            .cloned()
+            .collect(),
+        warnings: optional
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|d| !dep_present(d))
+            .cloned()
+            .collect(),
     })
 }
 
+/// Arch package name -> Debian/Ubuntu package name, for the few cases where
+/// they differ *and* the Debian package's own binaries don't share a name
+/// with either package (so `path_has` can't bridge the gap the way it
+/// already does for e.g. `ffmpeg`/`openssl`, whose package name matches
+/// their own binary name on both distros). `system_deps` in `bakery.toml`
+/// is always written as the Arch name — this is what makes that same
+/// declaration also resolve correctly on a Debian-family bakery host like
+/// hestia.
+const ARCH_TO_DEBIAN_PKG: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("mkvtoolnix-cli", "mkvtoolnix")];
+
+fn debian_name(pkg: &str) -> &str {
+    ARCH_TO_DEBIAN_PKG
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(arch, _)| *arch == pkg)
+        .map(|(_, debian)| *debian)
+        .unwrap_or(pkg)
+}
+
 fn dep_present(pkg: &str) -> bool {
     // Primary: `pacman -Q` uses the exact Arch package name — no name mapping needed.
     if pacman_installed(pkg) {
         return true;
     }
     // Fallback for environments without pacman: native PATH search then pkg-config.
-    path_has(pkg) || pkg_config_exists(pkg)
+    if path_has(pkg) || pkg_config_exists(pkg) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Further fallback for Debian/Ubuntu hosts: dpkg, via the name map above.
+    dpkg_installed(debian_name(pkg))
 }
 
 fn pacman_installed(pkg: &str) -> bool {
@@ -32,6 +63,17 @@ fn pacman_installed(pkg: &str) -> bool {
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
+fn dpkg_installed(pkg: &str) -> bool {
+    Command::new("dpkg-query")
+        .args(["-W", "-f=${Status}", pkg])
+        .output()
+        .map(|o| {
+            o.status.success()
+                && String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).contains("install ok installed")
+        })
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
 /// Check PATH without shelling out to `which` (avoids the external dependency).
 fn path_has(bin: &str) -> bool {
     std::env::var_os("PATH")
@@ -48,34 +90,75 @@ fn pkg_config_exists(lib: &str) -> bool {
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
+/// Builds the "install with: ..." hint for a list of missing Arch package
+/// names, picking the command for whichever package manager is actually on
+/// this host — `sudo pacman -S ...` is meaningless advice on a Debian-family
+/// bakery host like hestia, which has neither `pacman` nor the Arch names.
+pub fn install_hint(missing: &[String]) -> String {
+    if path_has("pacman") {
+        format!("sudo pacman -S {}", missing.join(" "))
+    } else if path_has("apt") {
+        let names: Vec<&str> = missing.iter().map(|p| debian_name(p)).collect();
+        format!("sudo apt install {}", names.join(" "))
+    } else {
+        format!("install: {}", missing.join(", "))
+    }
+}
+
 /// Print a formatted doctor report for a package's system deps.
 /// Returns true if all *required* deps are satisfied.
-pub fn report(package_name: &str, required: &[String], optional: &[String]) -> bool {
+pub fn report(
+    package_name: &str,
+    required: &[String],
+    optional: &[String],
+    name_width: usize,
+) -> bool {
     if required.is_empty() && optional.is_empty() {
-        println!("  {package_name}: no system deps required");
+        ui::check_row(true, package_name, name_width, "no system deps required");
         return true;
     }
     match check_deps(required, optional) {
         Err(e) => {
-            eprintln!("  error running doctor for {package_name}: {e}");
+            ui::check_row(
+                false,
+                package_name,
+                name_width,
+                &format!("error running doctor: {e}"),
+            );
             false
         }
         Ok(rep) => {
             for warn in &rep.warnings {
                 eprintln!(
-                    "  {package_name}: optional dep not found: {warn} \
+                    "  {}",
+                    ui::style(
+                        &format!(
+                            "{package_name}: optional dep not found: {warn} \
                              (install for full functionality)"
+                        ),
+                        ui::YELLOW
+                    )
                 );
             }
             if rep.missing.is_empty() {
-                println!("  {package_name}: all required system deps satisfied");
+                ui::check_row(
+                    true,
+                    package_name,
+                    name_width,
+                    "all required system deps satisfied",
+                );
                 true
             } else {
-                eprintln!(
-                    "  {package_name}: missing system deps: {}",
-                    rep.missing.join(", ")
+                ui::check_row(
+                    false,
+                    package_name,
+                    name_width,
+                    &format!("missing: {}", rep.missing.join(", ")),
+                );
+                eprintln!(
+                    "  {}",
+                    ui::dim(&format!("install with: {}", install_hint(&rep.missing)))
                 );
-                eprintln!("  install with: sudo pacman -S {}", rep.missing.join(" "));
                 false
             }
         }
@@ -105,24 +188,38 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(path_has("sh"));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn debian_name_maps_known_alias() {
+        assert_eq!(debian_name("mkvtoolnix-cli"), "mkvtoolnix");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn debian_name_passes_through_unmapped() {
+        assert_eq!(debian_name("ffmpeg"), "ffmpeg");
+    }
+
+    // This test only runs on systems with dpkg (Debian/Ubuntu).
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn dpkg_finds_dpkg_itself() {
+        assert!(dpkg_installed("dpkg"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dpkg_missing_package_not_present() {
+        assert!(!dpkg_installed("this-package-does-not-exist-xyzzy42"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn missing_required_dep_detected() {
-        let rep = check_deps(
-            &["this-package-does-not-exist-xyzzy42".to_string()],
-            &[],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let rep = check_deps(&["this-package-does-not-exist-xyzzy42".to_string()], &[]).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(rep.missing.len(), 1);
         assert!(rep.warnings.is_empty());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn missing_optional_dep_becomes_warning_not_error() {
-        let rep = check_deps(
-            &[],
-            &["this-package-does-not-exist-xyzzy42".to_string()],
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let rep = check_deps(&[], &["this-package-does-not-exist-xyzzy42".to_string()]).unwrap();
         assert!(rep.missing.is_empty());
         assert_eq!(rep.warnings.len(), 1);
     }

bakery/src/download.rs

@@ -3,33 +3,27 @@ use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use crate::manifest::{fetch_binary, Binary};
+use crate::ui;
 
-/// Download a binary to a temp path, verify its SHA-256, then atomically move
-/// it into place. Bails before touching `dest` if the checksum fails.
-pub fn fetch_and_place(binary: &Binary, dest: &Path) -> Result<()> {
-    println!("  downloading {}…", binary.name);
+/// Download a binary, verify its SHA-256, then atomically write it into
+/// place (fsynced, temp-in-same-dir-with-unique-name then rename — see
+/// `bread_utils::atomic`). Bails before touching `dest` if the checksum
+/// fails. Returns the verified hex sha256 so callers (`install::
+/// install_package`) can record it for `bakery verify` without hashing the
+/// bytes a second time — `verify_sha256` already confirmed `bytes` matches
+/// `binary.sha256`, so that's the value to return.
+pub fn fetch_and_place(binary: &Binary, dest: &Path) -> Result<String> {
+    ui::step("downloading", &binary.name);
     let bytes = fetch_binary(&binary.dl_url, &binary.github_url)
         .with_context(|| format!("downloading {}", binary.name))?;
 
     verify_sha256(&bytes, &binary.sha256)
         .with_context(|| format!("checksum mismatch for {}", binary.name))?;
 
-    if let Some(dir) = dest.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
-    }
-
-    let tmp = dest.with_extension("tmp");
-    std::fs::write(&tmp, &bytes).context("writing binary to tmp")?;
-
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    {
-        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
-        std::fs::set_permissions(&tmp, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755))?;
-    }
-
-    std::fs::rename(&tmp, dest).context("placing binary")?;
-    println!("  installed {}", dest.display());
-    Ok(())
+    crate::prefix::write_bytes(dest, &bytes, 0o755)
+        .with_context(|| format!("placing binary at {}", dest.display()))?;
+    ui::step("placed", &dest.display().to_string());
+    Ok(binary.sha256.clone())
 }
 
 /// Verify that `bytes` hashes to `expected_hex` under SHA-256.
@@ -38,6 +32,9 @@ pub fn fetch_and_place(binary: &Binary, dest: &Path) -> Result<()> {
 /// [`fetch_and_place`]), and config-example / systemd-unit downloads in
 /// `install.rs` — so all downloaded artifacts get the same integrity check.
 pub fn verify_sha256(bytes: &[u8], expected_hex: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    if expected_hex.is_empty() {
+        bail!("index entry has no sha256 recorded — refusing to trust an unverifiable download");
+    }
     let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
     hasher.update(bytes);
     let actual = hex::encode(hasher.finalize());
@@ -80,4 +77,14 @@ mod tests {
         let hash = sha256_hex(bytes);
         assert!(verify_sha256(bytes, &hash).is_ok());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn verify_missing_sha256_gives_a_clear_error() {
+        // gen-index.sh emits an empty sha256 string when a .sha256 sidecar
+        // is missing — must not fall through to the generic mismatch
+        // message ("expected: \n actual: <hex>"), which is confusing about
+        // what actually went wrong.
+        let err = verify_sha256(b"anything", "").unwrap_err();
+        assert!(err.to_string().contains("no sha256 recorded"));
+    }
 }

bakery/src/manifest.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,34 @@
+use crate::track::Track;
 use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
 use minisign_verify::{PublicKey, Signature};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 
-const PRIMARY_URL: &str = "https://dl.breadway.dev/index.json";
-const SIG_URL: &str = "https://dl.breadway.dev/index.json.minisig";
+const DEFAULT_BASE_URL: &str = "https://dl.breadway.dev";
 const CACHE_MAX_AGE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 3600);
 
+/// The `https://dl.breadway.dev` base can be overridden for local/staging
+/// testing (e.g. serving a fake index from `python3 -m http.server`) without
+/// rebuilding bakery — same pattern as `main.rs`'s `BAKERY_BIN_DIR` override.
+fn base_url() -> String {
+    std::env::var("BAKERY_INDEX_BASE_URL").unwrap_or_else(|_| DEFAULT_BASE_URL.to_string())
+}
+
+/// Index URL for `track`. `Stable` keeps the exact pre-track path
+/// (`{base}/index.json`) so existing infra and warm caches are unaffected;
+/// `Beta`/`Dev` live under a track-prefixed subpath.
+fn primary_url(track: Track) -> String {
+    match track {
+        Track::Stable => format!("{}/index.json", base_url()),
+        Track::Beta | Track::Dev => format!("{}/{}/index.json", base_url(), track.as_str()),
+    }
+}
+
+fn sig_url(track: Track) -> String {
+    format!("{}.minisig", primary_url(track))
+}
+
 /// The bakery index-signing public key.
 ///
 /// The matching secret key is used offline (never on this machine, never in
@@ -17,7 +38,7 @@ const CACHE_MAX_AGE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(24 * 3600);
 /// bytes are trusted or parsed. This is the single control point: the
 /// per-artifact `sha256` fields and `post_install` hook strings all live
 /// inside `index.json` itself, so a valid signature transitively covers them.
-const PUBKEY: &str = "RWRh2Zr5SUinvVFCtD7S7HwGjfrye6j31Xq2mYXRdkGFDWe3yHF7W11K";
+const PUBKEY: &str = "RWTBR8w/IJ+jaylOv80b52DzekKbSR2CvOVGvzB0ipGBaMhJPAOiEWq8";
 
 /// Verify `bytes` against `sig_text` (the contents of an `index.json.minisig`
 /// file) using the pinned [`PUBKEY`]. Returns an error on any failure —
@@ -31,8 +52,7 @@ fn verify_index_signature(bytes: &[u8], sig_text: &str) -> Result<()> {
 /// exercise the verification logic with a throwaway keypair instead of the
 /// real production key.
 fn verify_against_key(bytes: &[u8], sig_text: &str, pubkey_b64: &str) -> Result<()> {
-    let public_key =
-        PublicKey::from_base64(pubkey_b64).context("public key is malformed")?;
+    let public_key = PublicKey::from_base64(pubkey_b64).context("public key is malformed")?;
     let signature =
         Signature::decode(sig_text).context("index.json.minisig is malformed or unreadable")?;
     public_key
@@ -86,6 +106,30 @@ pub struct Package {
     pub config: Option<ConfigScaffold>,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub post_install: Vec<String>,
+    /// License artifact filename (e.g. "LICENSE"), installed to
+    /// `$prefix/share/licenses/<name>/LICENSE` (`~/.local/share/...` by
+    /// default) — the bakery equivalent of a PKGBUILD's `package()` step.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub license_file: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub license_file_sha256: Option<String>,
+    /// Desktop entry artifact filename (e.g. "breadhelp.desktop"),
+    /// installed to `$prefix/share/applications/<name>.desktop` so the
+    /// app shows up in any XDG-compliant launcher.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub desktop_file: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub desktop_file_sha256: Option<String>,
+    /// Data archive artifact filename (e.g. "content.tar.gz") — a `.tar.gz`
+    /// in the release dir, extracted to `$prefix/share/<name>/` on
+    /// install. For arbitrary data a package needs at runtime beyond a
+    /// config example (e.g. breadhelp's guide content), where a single
+    /// downloadable file + `tar` extraction is simpler than teaching
+    /// bakery to mirror a whole directory tree file-by-file.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub data_archive: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub data_archive_sha256: Option<String>,
 }
 
 impl Package {
@@ -120,8 +164,8 @@ impl Index {
     }
 }
 
-/// Load the manifest, using the on-disk cache when it is fresh enough.
-/// Always fetches if `force_refresh` is true.
+/// Load the manifest for `track`, using the on-disk cache when it is fresh
+/// enough. Always fetches if `force_refresh` is true.
 ///
 /// Every path — fresh fetch or cached read — verifies the minisign
 /// signature over the raw `index.json` bytes before the JSON is parsed or
@@ -130,52 +174,73 @@ impl Index {
 /// (possibly tampered, possibly just stale-format) cache and triggers one
 /// re-fetch from the network rather than bricking the CLI outright; if the
 /// freshly fetched copy also fails to verify, that's a hard error.
-pub fn load(force_refresh: bool) -> Result<Index> {
-    let cache_path = cache_path();
+pub fn load(force_refresh: bool, track: Track) -> Result<Index> {
+    let cache_path = cache_path(track);
     let sig_cache_path = sig_cache_path(&cache_path);
 
     if !force_refresh && cache_is_fresh(&cache_path) {
-        match read_and_verify_cache(&cache_path, &sig_cache_path) {
+        match read_and_verify_cache(&cache_path, &sig_cache_path, track) {
             Ok(index) => return Ok(index),
             Err(err) => {
-                eprintln!(
-                    "  warning: cached index.json failed verification ({err}), re-fetching…"
-                );
+                eprintln!("  warning: cached index.json failed verification ({err}), re-fetching…");
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fetch_and_cache(&cache_path, &sig_cache_path)
+    match fetch_and_cache(&cache_path, &sig_cache_path, track) {
+        Ok(index) => Ok(index),
+        Err(fetch_err) => {
+            // A network error shouldn't be a hard failure when a valid
+            // signed cache is sitting right there on disk, even if it's
+            // stale (or freshness was never checked because force_refresh
+            // was set) — fall back to it rather than bricking the CLI.
+            match read_and_verify_cache(&cache_path, &sig_cache_path, track) {
+                Ok(index) => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "  warning: could not refresh {track} index ({fetch_err}) — \
+                         using possibly-stale cached index"
+                    );
+                    Ok(index)
+                }
+                Err(_) => Err(fetch_err),
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-fn read_and_verify_cache(cache_path: &PathBuf, sig_cache_path: &PathBuf) -> Result<Index> {
+fn read_and_verify_cache(cache_path: &Path, sig_cache_path: &Path, track: Track) -> Result<Index> {
     let bytes = std::fs::read(cache_path).context("reading cached index")?;
     let sig_text = std::fs::read_to_string(sig_cache_path)
         .context("reading cached index.json.minisig (cache predates signing support)")?;
-    verify_index_signature(&bytes, &sig_text)?;
+    verify_index_signature(&bytes, &sig_text)
+        .with_context(|| format!("cached {track} index failed signature verification"))?;
     serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).context("parsing cached index")
 }
 
-fn cache_is_fresh(path: &PathBuf) -> bool {
+fn cache_is_fresh(path: &Path) -> bool {
     std::fs::metadata(path)
         .and_then(|m| m.modified())
         .map(|t| SystemTime::now().duration_since(t).unwrap_or(CACHE_MAX_AGE) < CACHE_MAX_AGE)
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
-fn fetch_and_cache(cache_path: &PathBuf, sig_cache_path: &PathBuf) -> Result<Index> {
-    let bytes = fetch_bytes(PRIMARY_URL)?;
-    let sig_text = fetch_text(SIG_URL).context(
+fn fetch_and_cache(cache_path: &Path, sig_cache_path: &Path, track: Track) -> Result<Index> {
+    let bytes = fetch_bytes(&primary_url(track)).with_context(|| {
+        format!(
+            "fetching {track} index — has a {track} build been published yet? \
+             run 'bakery track set stable' to switch back"
+        )
+    })?;
+    let sig_text = fetch_text(&sig_url(track)).context(
         "fetching index.json.minisig — the index must be signed before it can be trusted",
     )?;
     verify_index_signature(&bytes, &sig_text)
-        .context("freshly fetched index.json failed signature verification")?;
+        .with_context(|| format!("freshly fetched {track} index failed signature verification"))?;
 
-    if let Some(dir) = cache_path.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
-    }
-    std::fs::write(cache_path, &bytes)?;
-    std::fs::write(sig_cache_path, &sig_text)?;
+    bread_utils::atomic::write_atomic_bytes(cache_path, &bytes, None)
+        .with_context(|| format!("writing cached {track} index"))?;
+    bread_utils::atomic::write_atomic_bytes(sig_cache_path, sig_text.as_bytes(), None)
+        .with_context(|| format!("writing cached {track} index signature"))?;
     serde_json::from_slice(&bytes).context("parsing index.json")
 }
 
@@ -186,17 +251,23 @@ fn sig_cache_path(cache_path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
 }
 
 fn fetch_text(url: &str) -> Result<String> {
-    ureq::get(url)
-        .call()
-        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?
-        .into_string()
-        .context("reading response body")
+    let bytes = fetch_bytes(url)?;
+    String::from_utf8(bytes).context("response is not valid UTF-8")
 }
 
-pub fn cache_path() -> PathBuf {
+/// Cache filename for `track`. `Stable` keeps the pre-track filename
+/// (`index.json`) so an existing warm cache survives an upgrade to a
+/// track-aware bakery; `Beta`/`Dev` get their own sibling files so switching
+/// tracks doesn't clobber each other's cache.
+pub fn cache_path(track: Track) -> PathBuf {
+    let file_name = match track {
+        Track::Stable => "index.json".to_string(),
+        Track::Beta | Track::Dev => format!("index-{}.json", track.as_str()),
+    };
     dirs::cache_dir()
         .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("~/.cache"))
-        .join("bakery/index.json")
+        .join("bakery")
+        .join(file_name)
 }
 
 /// Download a binary blob from `primary_url`, falling back to `fallback_url`
@@ -206,27 +277,69 @@ pub fn fetch_binary(primary_url: &str, fallback_url: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         Ok(bytes) => Ok(bytes),
         Err(primary_err) => {
             eprintln!(
-                "  primary URL failed ({}), trying GitHub fallback…",
-                primary_err
+                "  {}",
+                crate::ui::note(&format!(
+                    "primary URL failed ({primary_err}), trying GitHub fallback…"
+                ))
             );
             fetch_bytes(fallback_url).context("both primary and GitHub fallback failed")
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// Comfortably above any real bakery artifact — caps how much of a response
+/// gets buffered into memory before any trust check runs on it.
+const MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES: u64 = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+/// How often (at most) the `\r`-overwritten progress line refreshes — a
+/// LAN-speed download can push way more than one chunk per 100ms, and
+/// printing on every chunk would flood the terminal instead of reassuring it.
+const PROGRESS_THROTTLE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
+const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
+
 fn fetch_bytes(url: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    use std::io::Read;
-    let resp = ureq::get(url)
-        .call()
-        .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?;
+    use std::io::{IsTerminal, Read};
+    let resp = ureq::get(url).call().map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?;
     let status = resp.status();
     if status != 200 {
         bail!("HTTP {status} from {url}");
     }
+
+    // Progress feedback only when there's a Content-Length to show progress
+    // against and stderr is an actual terminal — a multi-MB binary with no
+    // feedback at all looks like a hang, but piped/CI output shouldn't get
+    // `\r` noise. A manual chunked read loop (instead of one `read_to_end`)
+    // is what makes printing partway through the download possible, without
+    // pulling in a progress-bar crate for what's meant to just be reassurance.
+    let content_length: Option<u64> = resp.header("Content-Length").and_then(|v| v.parse().ok());
+    // Progress is reassurance for multi-MB binaries. A 4 KB index fetch
+    // drawing a 100% / 0.0 MB bar is noise, not feedback.
+    const MIN_PROGRESS_BYTES: u64 = 256 * 1024;
+    let show_progress =
+        content_length.is_some_and(|n| n >= MIN_PROGRESS_BYTES) && std::io::stderr().is_terminal();
+
     let mut buf = Vec::new();
-    resp.into_reader()
-        .read_to_end(&mut buf)
-        .context("reading response")?;
+    let mut reader = resp.into_reader();
+    let mut chunk = [0u8; CHUNK_SIZE];
+    let mut last_print = std::time::Instant::now();
+    loop {
+        let n = reader.read(&mut chunk).context("reading response")?;
+        if n == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+        buf.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..n]);
+        if buf.len() as u64 > MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES {
+            bail!("response from {url} exceeds the {MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES}-byte limit");
+        }
+        if show_progress && last_print.elapsed() >= PROGRESS_THROTTLE {
+            crate::ui::print_progress(buf.len() as u64, content_length.unwrap());
+            last_print = std::time::Instant::now();
+        }
+    }
+    if show_progress {
+        crate::ui::print_progress(buf.len() as u64, content_length.unwrap());
+        crate::ui::finish_progress();
+    }
     Ok(buf)
 }
 
@@ -276,4 +389,80 @@ znmVfINB4jFDR2a4wuY8rOKlUBeSDOFjMkHYDXV3vxvAjK+r4V12ae9ZRQkfVtQ1YIEmFXbnJfbxywg+
         // it must at least parse as a valid minisign public key.
         PublicKey::from_base64(PUBKEY).expect("PUBKEY must be a valid minisign public key");
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stable_cache_path_matches_pre_track_filename() {
+        // Must stay exactly "index.json" so an existing warm cache from a
+        // pre-track bakery binary is still used after an upgrade.
+        assert_eq!(cache_path(Track::Stable).file_name().unwrap(), "index.json");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn beta_and_dev_cache_paths_are_distinct_siblings() {
+        let stable = cache_path(Track::Stable);
+        let beta = cache_path(Track::Beta);
+        let dev = cache_path(Track::Dev);
+        assert_ne!(stable, beta);
+        assert_ne!(stable, dev);
+        assert_ne!(beta, dev);
+        assert_eq!(beta.parent(), stable.parent());
+        assert_eq!(dev.parent(), stable.parent());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stable_url_has_no_track_prefix() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            primary_url(Track::Stable),
+            format!("{}/index.json", base_url())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn beta_and_dev_urls_are_track_prefixed() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            primary_url(Track::Beta),
+            format!("{}/beta/index.json", base_url())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            primary_url(Track::Dev),
+            format!("{}/dev/index.json", base_url())
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn minimal_package_json() -> &'static str {
+        r#"{
+            "name": "breadhelp",
+            "description": "test",
+            "version": "1.0.0",
+            "binaries": [],
+            "config": null
+        }"#
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn license_and_desktop_fields_default_to_none_on_old_shape_json() {
+        // Simulates an index.json produced before license_file/desktop_file
+        // existed — must not fail to parse.
+        let pkg: Package = serde_json::from_str(minimal_package_json()).unwrap();
+        assert!(pkg.license_file.is_none());
+        assert!(pkg.license_file_sha256.is_none());
+        assert!(pkg.desktop_file.is_none());
+        assert!(pkg.desktop_file_sha256.is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn license_and_desktop_fields_roundtrip() {
+        let mut pkg: Package = serde_json::from_str(minimal_package_json()).unwrap();
+        pkg.license_file = Some("LICENSE".to_string());
+        pkg.license_file_sha256 = Some("abc123".to_string());
+        pkg.desktop_file = Some("breadhelp.desktop".to_string());
+        pkg.desktop_file_sha256 = Some("def456".to_string());
+
+        let json = serde_json::to_string(&pkg).unwrap();
+        let restored: Package = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(restored.license_file.as_deref(), Some("LICENSE"));
+        assert_eq!(restored.license_file_sha256.as_deref(), Some("abc123"));
+        assert_eq!(restored.desktop_file.as_deref(), Some("breadhelp.desktop"));
+        assert_eq!(restored.desktop_file_sha256.as_deref(), Some("def456"));
+    }
 }

bakery/src/prefix.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+//! Install prefix: default `~/.local`, or a system root for BOS.
+//!
+//! Hermes and `get.sh` keep the user-local default. BOS sets
+//! `prefix = "/usr/local"` in `/etc/bakery/config.toml` (or `BAKERY_PREFIX`)
+//! so bakery-managed desktop apps live on the `@` root subvolume and ride
+//! along with snapper/grub-btrfs snapshots. Per-user state stays under
+//! `~/.local/state/bakery` either way — bakery still records what *this*
+//! user asked for; the prefix only changes where bits land on disk.
+//!
+//! Writes that hit `EACCES` use `sudo -n` first, then `pkexec` if a
+//! graphical session is available. Interactive `sudo` (password on stdin)
+//! is never used — a GUI hook must not block on a TTY prompt.
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+
+/// Default user-local prefix when no config/env override is set.
+const DEFAULT_USER_PREFIX: &str = ".local";
+
+/// System-wide user units, used when the prefix is not under `$HOME`.
+const SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR: &str = "/usr/lib/systemd/user";
+
+const SYSTEM_CONFIG_PATH: &str = "/etc/bakery/config.toml";
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Layout {
+    pub prefix: PathBuf,
+    pub bin_dir: PathBuf,
+    pub share_dir: PathBuf,
+    pub systemd_user_dir: PathBuf,
+    /// True when `prefix` is not under the user's home directory.
+    pub is_system: bool,
+}
+
+impl Layout {
+    pub fn kind_label(&self) -> &'static str {
+        if self.is_system {
+            "system"
+        } else {
+            "user"
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Map a (possibly custom) prefix onto bin/share/unit paths.
+    /// `bin_override` is `--bin-dir` / `BAKERY_BIN_DIR` and wins for bins only.
+    pub fn from_prefix(prefix: &Path, bin_override: Option<PathBuf>) -> Self {
+        let prefix = normalize_prefix_path(prefix);
+        let is_system = is_system_prefix(&prefix);
+        let bin_dir = bin_override.unwrap_or_else(|| prefix.join("bin"));
+        let share_dir = prefix.join("share");
+        let systemd_user_dir = if is_system {
+            PathBuf::from(SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR)
+        } else {
+            user_systemd_dir()
+        };
+        Self {
+            prefix,
+            bin_dir,
+            share_dir,
+            systemd_user_dir,
+            is_system,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Historical default: `~/.local` bins, XDG data dir for share,
+    /// `~/.config/systemd/user` for units. Used when neither `BAKERY_PREFIX`
+    /// nor `/etc/bakery/config.toml` sets a prefix — hermes / get.sh.
+    pub fn user_default(bin_override: Option<PathBuf>) -> Self {
+        let prefix = default_user_prefix();
+        let bin_dir = bin_override.unwrap_or_else(|| prefix.join("bin"));
+        let share_dir = dirs::data_dir().unwrap_or_else(|| prefix.join("share"));
+        Self {
+            prefix,
+            bin_dir,
+            share_dir,
+            systemd_user_dir: user_systemd_dir(),
+            is_system: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Resolve the active layout. `BAKERY_PREFIX` wins over `/etc/bakery/config.toml`;
+/// neither set keeps the `~/.local` default. `bin_override` is the existing
+/// `--bin-dir` / `BAKERY_BIN_DIR` knob.
+pub fn resolve(bin_override: Option<PathBuf>) -> Layout {
+    let env = std::env::var("BAKERY_PREFIX").ok();
+    resolve_from(env.as_deref(), Path::new(SYSTEM_CONFIG_PATH), bin_override)
+}
+
+/// Same as [`resolve`] with the env value and config path injected, so
+/// tests don't have to mutate process-global env or touch `/etc`.
+pub fn resolve_from(
+    env_prefix: Option<&str>,
+    config_path: &Path,
+    bin_override: Option<PathBuf>,
+) -> Layout {
+    match configured_prefix_from(env_prefix, config_path) {
+        Some(prefix) => Layout::from_prefix(&prefix, bin_override),
+        None => Layout::user_default(bin_override),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn configured_prefix_from(env_prefix: Option<&str>, config_path: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    if let Some(raw) = env_prefix {
+        let trimmed = raw.trim();
+        if !trimmed.is_empty() {
+            return Some(normalize_prefix(trimmed));
+        }
+    }
+    load_config_prefix(config_path)
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+struct BakeryConfig {
+    prefix: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Reads `prefix = "..."` from a bakery config file. Missing file or empty
+/// key → `None` (caller falls back to the user-local default). A file that
+/// exists but fails to parse is warned about, not treated as fatal — a typo
+/// in `/etc/bakery/config.toml` must not take down `bakery list`.
+pub fn load_config_prefix(path: &Path) -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    if !path.exists() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let text = match std::fs::read_to_string(path) {
+        Ok(t) => t,
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "  {}",
+                crate::ui::warn(&format!("could not read {}: {e}", path.display()))
+            );
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+    match toml::from_str::<BakeryConfig>(&text) {
+        Ok(cfg) => cfg
+            .prefix
+            .as_deref()
+            .map(str::trim)
+            .filter(|p| !p.is_empty())
+            .map(normalize_prefix),
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "  {}",
+                crate::ui::warn(&format!("could not parse {}: {e}", path.display()))
+            );
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn default_user_prefix() -> PathBuf {
+    home_dir().join(DEFAULT_USER_PREFIX)
+}
+
+fn home_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    dirs::home_dir().unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("~"))
+}
+
+fn user_systemd_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    dirs::config_dir()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| home_dir().join(".config"))
+        .join("systemd/user")
+}
+
+fn is_system_prefix(prefix: &Path) -> bool {
+    match dirs::home_dir() {
+        Some(home) => !prefix.starts_with(&home),
+        None => true,
+    }
+}
+
+fn normalize_prefix(raw: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    normalize_prefix_path(&expand_tilde(raw))
+}
+
+fn normalize_prefix_path(path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    if path.is_absolute() {
+        path.to_path_buf()
+    } else {
+        std::env::current_dir()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from("."))
+            .join(path)
+    }
+}
+
+fn expand_tilde(path: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    if path == "~" {
+        home_dir()
+    } else if let Some(rest) = path.strip_prefix("~/") {
+        home_dir().join(rest)
+    } else {
+        PathBuf::from(path)
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_permission_denied(err: &io::Error) -> bool {
+    err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied
+}
+
+pub fn privilege_denied_msg(dest: &Path) -> String {
+    format!(
+        "permission denied writing {} — need root for this prefix. \
+         bakery tried `sudo -n` then `pkexec`; neither succeeded. \
+         Run from a root shell, grant passwordless sudo -n for install/rm/tar, \
+         or install a polkit rule. bakery will not prompt for a sudo password.",
+        dest.display()
+    )
+}
+
+fn has_graphical_session() -> bool {
+    std::env::var_os("WAYLAND_DISPLAY").is_some() || std::env::var_os("DISPLAY").is_some()
+}
+
+/// Write `bytes` to `dest`, creating parent dirs. Escalates on `EACCES`.
+pub fn write_bytes(dest: &Path, bytes: &[u8], mode: u32) -> Result<()> {
+    match bread_utils::atomic::write_atomic_bytes(dest, bytes, Some(mode)) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) if is_permission_denied(&e) => write_bytes_privileged(dest, bytes, mode),
+        Err(e) => Err(e).with_context(|| format!("writing {}", dest.display())),
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_bytes_privileged(dest: &Path, bytes: &[u8], mode: u32) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut tmp =
+        tempfile::NamedTempFile::new().context("creating temp file for privileged write")?;
+    tmp.write_all(bytes)
+        .and_then(|_| tmp.flush())
+        .and_then(|_| tmp.as_file().sync_all())
+        .context("writing temp file for privileged write")?;
+    let mode_str = format!("{mode:o}");
+    run_privileged(
+        Path::new("/usr/bin/install"),
+        &[
+            OsStr::new("-D"),
+            OsStr::new("-m"),
+            OsStr::new(&mode_str),
+            tmp.path().as_os_str(),
+            dest.as_os_str(),
+        ],
+        dest,
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn create_dir_all(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    match std::fs::create_dir_all(path) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) if is_permission_denied(&e) => run_privileged(
+            Path::new("/usr/bin/install"),
+            &[
+                OsStr::new("-d"),
+                OsStr::new("-m"),
+                OsStr::new("755"),
+                path.as_os_str(),
+            ],
+            path,
+        ),
+        Err(e) => Err(e).with_context(|| format!("creating directory {}", path.display())),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn remove_file(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    match std::fs::remove_file(path) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) if is_permission_denied(&e) => run_privileged(
+            Path::new("/usr/bin/rm"),
+            &[OsStr::new("-f"), path.as_os_str()],
+            path,
+        ),
+        Err(e) => Err(e).with_context(|| format!("removing {}", path.display())),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn remove_dir_all(path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    match std::fs::remove_dir_all(path) {
+        Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(()),
+        Err(e) if is_permission_denied(&e) => run_privileged(
+            Path::new("/usr/bin/rm"),
+            &[OsStr::new("-rf"), path.as_os_str()],
+            path,
+        ),
+        Err(e) => Err(e).with_context(|| format!("removing {}", path.display())),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Extract `archive` (a `.tar.gz`) into `dest_dir`. Escalates the `tar`
+/// invocation when `dest_dir` is not writable by this user — typical for
+/// `$prefix/share/<pkg>` under `/usr/local`.
+pub fn extract_tar_gz(archive: &Path, dest_dir: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    create_dir_all(dest_dir)?;
+    if dir_writable_by_self(dest_dir) {
+        let status = Command::new("tar")
+            .args([
+                "xzf",
+                &archive.to_string_lossy(),
+                "--no-same-owner",
+                "--no-same-permissions",
+                "-C",
+            ])
+            .arg(dest_dir)
+            .status()
+            .with_context(|| format!("running tar to extract {}", archive.display()))?;
+        if !status.success() {
+            bail!("tar exited with {status} extracting {}", archive.display());
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    run_privileged(
+        Path::new("/usr/bin/tar"),
+        &[
+            OsStr::new("xzf"),
+            archive.as_os_str(),
+            OsStr::new("--no-same-owner"),
+            OsStr::new("--no-same-permissions"),
+            OsStr::new("-C"),
+            dest_dir.as_os_str(),
+        ],
+        dest_dir,
+    )
+}
+
+fn dir_writable_by_self(dir: &Path) -> bool {
+    tempfile::Builder::new()
+        .prefix(".bakery-wprobe-")
+        .tempfile_in(dir)
+        .is_ok()
+}
+
+fn run_privileged(program: &Path, args: &[&OsStr], dest: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    // `sudo -n` never prompts; stdin is null so a misconfigured sudoers
+    // can't fall through to a password read on a GUI hook's non-tty stdin.
+    let sudo = Command::new("sudo")
+        .arg("-n")
+        .arg(program)
+        .args(args)
+        .stdin(Stdio::null())
+        .status();
+    if matches!(sudo, Ok(status) if status.success()) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // pkexec pops a polkit dialog — only useful with a display, and the
+    // one acceptable password prompt (GUI, not a stolen sudo TTY).
+    if has_graphical_session() {
+        let pk = Command::new("pkexec").arg(program).args(args).status();
+        if matches!(pk, Ok(status) if status.success()) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
+
+    bail!("{}", privilege_denied_msg(dest))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::fs;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn user_default_is_not_system_and_uses_local_bin() {
+        let layout = Layout::user_default(None);
+        assert!(!layout.is_system);
+        assert_eq!(layout.prefix, default_user_prefix());
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, default_user_prefix().join("bin"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.kind_label(), "user");
+        assert!(layout.systemd_user_dir.ends_with(Path::new("systemd/user")));
+        assert_ne!(layout.systemd_user_dir, PathBuf::from(SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn user_default_honors_bin_override() {
+        let layout = Layout::user_default(Some(PathBuf::from("/tmp/custom-bins")));
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, PathBuf::from("/tmp/custom-bins"));
+        assert!(!layout.is_system);
+        assert_eq!(layout.prefix, default_user_prefix());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn usr_local_is_system_layout() {
+        let layout = Layout::from_prefix(Path::new("/usr/local"), None);
+        assert!(layout.is_system);
+        assert_eq!(layout.prefix, PathBuf::from("/usr/local"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, PathBuf::from("/usr/local/bin"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.share_dir, PathBuf::from("/usr/local/share"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.systemd_user_dir, PathBuf::from(SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR));
+        assert_eq!(layout.kind_label(), "system");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn custom_home_prefix_is_not_system() {
+        let home = dirs::home_dir().expect("home dir");
+        let prefix = home.join("apps");
+        let layout = Layout::from_prefix(&prefix, None);
+        assert!(!layout.is_system);
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, prefix.join("bin"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.share_dir, prefix.join("share"));
+        assert_ne!(layout.systemd_user_dir, PathBuf::from(SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn temp_prefix_maps_bin_and_share_under_prefix() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let layout = Layout::from_prefix(dir.path(), None);
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, dir.path().join("bin"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.share_dir, dir.path().join("share"));
+        // /tmp is not under $HOME, so this is a system-shaped prefix —
+        // units would go to /usr/lib/systemd/user. Writes still try
+        // unprivileged first, so tests can use a temp prefix without sudo.
+        assert!(layout.is_system);
+        assert_eq!(layout.systemd_user_dir, PathBuf::from(SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bin_override_does_not_move_share_or_units() {
+        let layout = Layout::from_prefix(
+            Path::new("/usr/local"),
+            Some(PathBuf::from("/opt/override/bin")),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, PathBuf::from("/opt/override/bin"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.share_dir, PathBuf::from("/usr/local/share"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.systemd_user_dir, PathBuf::from(SYSTEM_USER_UNIT_DIR));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_config_prefix_reads_value() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
+        fs::write(&path, "prefix = \"/usr/local\"\n").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(load_config_prefix(&path), Some(PathBuf::from("/usr/local")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_config_prefix_expands_tilde() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
+        fs::write(&path, "prefix = \"~/.local\"\n").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(load_config_prefix(&path), Some(default_user_prefix()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_config_prefix_missing_file_is_none() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            load_config_prefix(Path::new("/no/such/bakery-config.toml")),
+            None
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_config_prefix_ignores_empty_value() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
+        fs::write(&path, "prefix = \"\"\n").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(load_config_prefix(&path), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_config_prefix_malformed_is_none() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
+        fs::write(&path, "prefix = [\n").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(load_config_prefix(&path), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn env_prefix_wins_over_config() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
+        fs::write(&path, "prefix = \"/usr/local\"\n").unwrap();
+        let layout = resolve_from(Some("/opt/bread"), &path, None);
+        assert_eq!(layout.prefix, PathBuf::from("/opt/bread"));
+        assert_eq!(layout.bin_dir, PathBuf::from("/opt/bread/bin"));
+        assert!(layout.is_system);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn empty_env_falls_through_to_config() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("config.toml");
+        fs::write(&path, "prefix = \"/usr/local\"\n").unwrap();
+        let layout = resolve_from(Some("   "), &path, None);
+        assert_eq!(layout.prefix, PathBuf::from("/usr/local"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn no_env_no_config_is_user_default() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let path = dir.path().join("missing.toml");
+        let layout = resolve_from(None, &path, None);
+        assert_eq!(layout, Layout::user_default(None));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_bytes_to_writable_temp_prefix_needs_no_root() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let dest = dir.path().join("bin").join("foo");
+        write_bytes(&dest, b"hello", 0o755).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(fs::read(&dest).unwrap(), b"hello");
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        {
+            use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+            assert_eq!(
+                fs::metadata(&dest).unwrap().permissions().mode() & 0o777,
+                0o755
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn create_and_remove_under_temp_prefix() {
+        let dir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let nested = dir.path().join("share/licenses/pkg");
+        create_dir_all(&nested).unwrap();
+        assert!(nested.is_dir());
+        let file = nested.join("LICENSE");
+        write_bytes(&file, b"MIT\n", 0o644).unwrap();
+        remove_file(&file).unwrap();
+        assert!(!file.exists());
+        remove_dir_all(&dir.path().join("share")).unwrap();
+        assert!(!dir.path().join("share").exists());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn privilege_denied_msg_names_the_dest() {
+        let msg = privilege_denied_msg(Path::new("/usr/local/bin/breadd"));
+        assert!(msg.contains("/usr/local/bin/breadd"));
+        assert!(msg.contains("sudo -n"));
+        assert!(msg.contains("pkexec"));
+        assert!(msg.contains("will not prompt"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_system_prefix_classifies_home_and_usr() {
+        let home = dirs::home_dir().expect("home dir");
+        assert!(!is_system_prefix(&home.join(".local")));
+        assert!(is_system_prefix(Path::new("/usr/local")));
+        assert!(is_system_prefix(Path::new("/opt/bread")));
+    }
+}

bakery/src/state.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+use crate::track::Track;
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use fs4::FileExt;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
@@ -10,10 +12,34 @@ pub struct InstalledPackage {
     pub binaries: Vec<String>,
     pub services: Vec<String>,
     pub installed_at: String,
+    // `#[serde(default)]` so an installed.json written before per-package
+    // track tracking existed still deserializes — defaults to Stable, same
+    // convention as `State.track` above.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub track: Track,
+    /// The version this package was upgraded from, if any — `bakery
+    /// rollback` uses this to find the matching local backup dir. `None` on
+    /// a fresh first-time install. `#[serde(default)]` for the same
+    /// old-shape-json reason as `track` above.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub previous_version: Option<String>,
+    /// SHA-256 (hex) of each installed binary, captured at install time.
+    /// `bakery verify` recomputes these from disk and compares against this
+    /// recorded value rather than a fresh index lookup — the index only
+    /// carries the checksum for whatever the *current latest* release is,
+    /// which may not match what's actually installed. Empty on installs
+    /// that predate this field.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub binary_sha256: HashMap<String, String>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize, Serialize)]
 pub struct State {
+    // `#[serde(default)]` lets an installed.json written by a pre-track
+    // bakery binary deserialize straight into Track::Stable with no
+    // migration step.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub track: Track,
     pub packages: HashMap<String, InstalledPackage>,
 }
 
@@ -29,16 +55,36 @@ impl State {
 
     pub fn save(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let path = state_path();
-        if let Some(dir) = path.parent() {
+        let text = serde_json::to_string_pretty(self)?;
+        bread_utils::atomic::write_atomic(&path, &text, None).context("writing installed.json")
+    }
+
+    /// Runs `f` against a freshly-loaded `State` while holding an exclusive
+    /// lock on a sibling `installed.json.lock` file, saving the result if `f`
+    /// succeeds. Without this, two concurrent `bakery` invocations each
+    /// load-mutate-save `installed.json` independently and the second save
+    /// silently drops the first's change — the lock serializes the whole
+    /// read-modify-write instead of just the final write.
+    pub fn with_lock<T>(f: impl FnOnce(&mut State) -> Result<T>) -> Result<T> {
+        let lock_path = PathBuf::from(format!("{}.lock", state_path().display()));
+        if let Some(dir) = lock_path.parent() {
             std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
         }
-        let text = serde_json::to_string_pretty(self)?;
-        // Write to a temp file then rename for atomicity — avoids a torn write
-        // if the process is killed mid-save.
-        let tmp = path.with_extension("tmp");
-        std::fs::write(&tmp, &text).context("writing installed.json.tmp")?;
-        std::fs::rename(&tmp, &path).context("atomically replacing installed.json")?;
-        Ok(())
+        let lock_file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+            .create(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .truncate(false)
+            .open(&lock_path)
+            .context("opening installed.json.lock")?;
+        lock_file
+            .lock_exclusive()
+            .context("locking installed.json.lock")?;
+
+        let mut state = Self::load()?;
+        let result = f(&mut state)?;
+        state.save()?;
+        // Lock releases when `lock_file` drops at end of scope.
+        Ok(result)
     }
 
     pub fn is_installed(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
@@ -52,16 +98,40 @@ impl State {
     pub fn remove(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<InstalledPackage> {
         self.packages.remove(name)
     }
+
+    pub fn set_track(&mut self, track: Track) {
+        self.track = track;
+    }
 }
 
-fn state_path() -> PathBuf {
-    dirs::state_dir()
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+fn state_base_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    dirs::state_dir().unwrap_or_else(|| {
         dirs::home_dir()
             .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("~"))
             .join(".local/state")
     })
-        .join("bakery/installed.json")
+}
+
+fn state_path() -> PathBuf {
+    bakery_state_dir().join("installed.json")
+}
+
+/// Per-user bakery state dir (`~/.local/state/bakery`). Independent of the
+/// install prefix — system-prefix installs still record what this user asked for.
+pub fn bakery_state_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    state_base_dir().join("bakery")
+}
+
+/// Local backup dir for `pkg_name`'s `version` binaries, populated by
+/// `install::install_package` right before an update overwrites the
+/// previous binaries and consumed by `bakery rollback`. See
+/// `install::backup_current_binary`'s doc comment for why this is a local
+/// snapshot rather than a re-fetch of the old version from the server.
+pub fn backup_dir(pkg_name: &str, version: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    state_base_dir()
+        .join("bakery/backups")
+        .join(pkg_name)
+        .join(version)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -75,6 +145,9 @@ mod tests {
             binaries: vec![],
             services: vec![],
             installed_at: "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z".to_string(),
+            track: Track::Stable,
+            previous_version: None,
+            binary_sha256: HashMap::new(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -101,6 +174,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(state.remove("nope").is_none());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn track_defaults_to_stable_on_old_shape_json() {
+        // Simulates installed.json written before the track field existed.
+        let old_shape = r#"{"packages":{}}"#;
+        let state: State = serde_json::from_str(old_shape).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(state.track, Track::Stable);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_track_updates_and_roundtrips() {
+        let mut state = State::default();
+        state.set_track(Track::Dev);
+        let json = serde_json::to_string(&state).unwrap();
+        let restored: State = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(restored.track, Track::Dev);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn json_roundtrip() {
         let mut state = State::default();
@@ -110,11 +200,76 @@ mod tests {
             binaries: vec!["bar".to_string()],
             services: vec!["bar.service".to_string()],
             installed_at: "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z".to_string(),
+            track: Track::Beta,
+            previous_version: Some("1.0.0".to_string()),
+            binary_sha256: HashMap::from([("bar".to_string(), "abc123".to_string())]),
         });
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&state).unwrap();
         let restored: State = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
         assert!(restored.is_installed("bar"));
         assert_eq!(restored.packages["bar"].version, "2.0.0");
         assert_eq!(restored.packages["bar"].services, ["bar.service"]);
+        assert_eq!(restored.packages["bar"].track, Track::Beta);
+        assert_eq!(
+            restored.packages["bar"].previous_version.as_deref(),
+            Some("1.0.0")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(restored.packages["bar"].binary_sha256["bar"], "abc123");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn installed_package_track_defaults_to_stable_on_old_shape_json() {
+        // Simulates an installed.json entry written before per-package track
+        // tracking existed.
+        let old_shape = r#"{"name":"foo","version":"1.0.0","binaries":[],"services":[],"installed_at":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"}"#;
+        let installed: InstalledPackage = serde_json::from_str(old_shape).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(installed.track, Track::Stable);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn installed_package_previous_version_and_binary_sha256_default_on_old_shape_json() {
+        // Simulates an installed.json entry written before rollback/verify
+        // support existed.
+        let old_shape = r#"{"name":"foo","version":"1.0.0","binaries":[],"services":[],"installed_at":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","track":"stable"}"#;
+        let installed: InstalledPackage = serde_json::from_str(old_shape).unwrap();
+        assert!(installed.previous_version.is_none());
+        assert!(installed.binary_sha256.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bakery_state_dir_is_under_state_home_and_independent_of_prefix() {
+        let dir = bakery_state_dir();
+        assert!(dir.ends_with("bakery"));
+        // Must not follow BAKERY_PREFIX — state is always per-user.
+        assert!(!dir.starts_with("/usr/local"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn backup_dir_is_distinct_per_package_and_version() {
+        let a = backup_dir("bakery", "0.3.1");
+        let b = backup_dir("bakery", "0.3.2");
+        let c = backup_dir("breadhelp", "0.3.1");
+        assert_ne!(a, b);
+        assert_ne!(a, c);
+        assert!(a.ends_with("bakery/backups/bakery/0.3.1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn with_lock_persists_mutation_across_reload() {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        // SAFETY (test-only): temporarily redirects the state dir env var so
+        // this test doesn't touch the real ~/.local/state/bakery/installed.json.
+        std::env::set_var("XDG_STATE_HOME", dir.path());
+
+        State::with_lock(|state| {
+            state.record(pkg("foo", "1.0.0"));
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let reloaded = State::load().unwrap();
+        assert!(reloaded.is_installed("foo"));
+
+        std::env::remove_var("XDG_STATE_HOME");
     }
 }

bakery/src/track.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use clap::ValueEnum;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+/// Which build of a package bakery follows: the tagged stable release, a
+/// deliberately-promoted beta, or the continuously-published `dev` branch
+/// build. Not to be confused with the *distribution* channel (bakery vs.
+/// pacman) documented in `docs/release-channels.md` — that's an orthogonal,
+/// pre-existing use of the word "channel", which is why this is called a
+/// "track" instead.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default, Deserialize, Serialize, ValueEnum)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")]
+pub enum Track {
+    #[default]
+    Stable,
+    Beta,
+    Dev,
+}
+
+impl Track {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Track::Stable => "stable",
+            Track::Beta => "beta",
+            Track::Dev => "dev",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Track {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(self.as_str())
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Track {
+    type Err = String;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "stable" => Ok(Track::Stable),
+            "beta" => Ok(Track::Beta),
+            "dev" => Ok(Track::Dev),
+            other => Err(format!("unknown track '{other}' — expected stable, beta, or dev")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn default_is_stable() {
+        assert_eq!(Track::default(), Track::Stable);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn display_roundtrips_through_from_str() {
+        for track in [Track::Stable, Track::Beta, Track::Dev] {
+            let s = track.to_string();
+            assert_eq!(s.parse::<Track>().unwrap(), track);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_str_is_case_insensitive() {
+        assert_eq!("DEV".parse::<Track>().unwrap(), Track::Dev);
+        assert_eq!("Beta".parse::<Track>().unwrap(), Track::Beta);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_str_rejects_unknown() {
+        assert!("nightly".parse::<Track>().is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn json_roundtrip_uses_lowercase() {
+        let json = serde_json::to_string(&Track::Dev).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(json, "\"dev\"");
+        let back: Track = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(back, Track::Dev);
+    }
+}

bakery/src/ui.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+use crate::track::Track;
+use clap::builder::styling::{AnsiColor, Effects, Styles};
+use std::io::{IsTerminal, Write};
+
+pub const RESET: &str = "\x1b[0m";
+pub const BOLD: &str = "\x1b[1m";
+pub const DIM: &str = "\x1b[2m";
+pub const RED: &str = "\x1b[31m";
+pub const GREEN: &str = "\x1b[32m";
+pub const YELLOW: &str = "\x1b[33m";
+pub const CYAN: &str = "\x1b[36m";
+pub const MAGENTA: &str = "\x1b[35m";
+pub const BOLD_CYAN: &str = "\x1b[1;36m";
+
+/// Clap help styling — same cyan headers / green literals / dim placeholders
+/// as the rest of bakery, so `bakery --help` doesn't look like a different
+/// program from `bakery list`.
+pub const CLAP_STYLES: Styles = Styles::styled()
+    .header(AnsiColor::Cyan.on_default().effects(Effects::BOLD))
+    .usage(AnsiColor::Cyan.on_default().effects(Effects::BOLD))
+    .literal(AnsiColor::Green.on_default().effects(Effects::BOLD))
+    .placeholder(AnsiColor::BrightBlack.on_default())
+    .error(AnsiColor::Red.on_default().effects(Effects::BOLD))
+    .valid(AnsiColor::Green.on_default().effects(Effects::BOLD))
+    .invalid(AnsiColor::Yellow.on_default().effects(Effects::BOLD));
+
+/// Colors are on only when stdout is a real terminal and `NO_COLOR` isn't
+/// set — the ecosystem's existing CLI (breadcrumbs) hardcodes ANSI
+/// unconditionally, which leaks escape codes into piped/logged output; this
+/// is the hardening fix for that gap.
+pub fn colors_enabled() -> bool {
+    std::env::var_os("NO_COLOR").is_none() && std::io::stdout().is_terminal()
+}
+
+pub fn colors_enabled_err() -> bool {
+    std::env::var_os("NO_COLOR").is_none() && std::io::stderr().is_terminal()
+}
+
+pub fn style(s: &str, code: &str) -> String {
+    paint(s, code, colors_enabled())
+}
+
+fn style_err(s: &str, code: &str) -> String {
+    paint(s, code, colors_enabled_err())
+}
+
+fn paint(s: &str, code: &str, on: bool) -> String {
+    if on {
+        format!("{code}{s}{RESET}")
+    } else {
+        s.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn bold(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(s, BOLD)
+}
+
+pub fn dim(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(s, DIM)
+}
+
+/// `" [beta]"` / `" [dev]"`, colored — empty string for `Stable` so the
+/// common-case output is unchanged.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub fn track_badge(track: Track) -> String {
+    let tag = track_tag(track);
+    if tag.is_empty() {
+        tag
+    } else {
+        format!(" {tag}")
+    }
+}
+
+/// `[beta]` / `[dev]` with no leading space; empty for `Stable`.
+pub fn track_tag(track: Track) -> String {
+    match track {
+        Track::Stable => String::new(),
+        Track::Beta => style("[beta]", YELLOW),
+        Track::Dev => style("[dev]", MAGENTA),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn ok(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(&format!("✓ {s}"), GREEN)
+}
+
+pub fn fail(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(&format!("✗ {s}"), RED)
+}
+
+/// Neutral "nothing to do" glyph, dim rather than green — for steady-state
+/// noise like "already at latest" in `bakery update --all`, where most
+/// packages hit this every run. Reusing GREEN there drowns out the
+/// packages that actually changed, and meaning shouldn't depend on color
+/// alone (an unusual terminal palette can make BOLD/GREEN/DIM look similar),
+/// so this also carries its own glyph the way `ok`/`fail` do.
+pub fn unchanged(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(&format!("· {s}"), DIM)
+}
+
+pub fn warn(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(&format!("warning: {s}"), YELLOW)
+}
+
+pub fn note(s: &str) -> String {
+    style(&format!("note: {s}"), DIM)
+}
+
+/// Cyan verb + bold name + dim version — the install/update/remove banner.
+pub fn action(verb: &str, name: &str, version: Option<&str>) {
+    let mut line = format!("{}  {}", style(verb, BOLD_CYAN), style(name, BOLD));
+    if let Some(v) = version {
+        line.push_str("  ");
+        line.push_str(&style(v, DIM));
+    }
+    println!("{line}");
+}
+
+/// Section title plus dim meta (`Packages  16  ·  15 installed`).
+pub fn heading(title: &str, parts: &[&str]) {
+    let mut line = style(title, BOLD_CYAN);
+    let visible: Vec<&str> = parts.iter().copied().filter(|p| !p.is_empty()).collect();
+    for (i, part) in visible.iter().enumerate() {
+        line.push_str("  ");
+        if i > 0 {
+            line.push_str(&style("·", DIM));
+            line.push_str("  ");
+        }
+        line.push_str(part);
+    }
+    println!("{line}");
+    println!();
+}
+
+pub fn summary(parts: &[&str]) {
+    let visible: Vec<&str> = parts.iter().copied().filter(|p| !p.is_empty()).collect();
+    if visible.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+    println!();
+    println!("{}", style(&visible.join("  ·  "), BOLD));
+}
+
+/// Left-aligned verb column so install chatter (`downloading` / `placed` /
+/// `unit`) lines up instead of drifting with the verb length.
+pub fn step(verb: &str, detail: &str) {
+    println!("  {:<12} {}", dim(verb), detail);
+}
+
+pub fn kv(key: &str, value: &str) {
+    println!("  {:<12} {}", dim(key), value);
+}
+
+pub fn check_row(ok_flag: bool, name: &str, name_width: usize, message: &str) {
+    let glyph = if ok_flag {
+        style("✓", GREEN)
+    } else {
+        style("✗", RED)
+    };
+    println!("  {glyph}  {:<name_width$}  {message}", name);
+}
+
+pub fn unknown_row(name: &str, name_width: usize, message: &str) {
+    println!(
+        "  {}  {:<name_width$}  {}",
+        style("?", DIM),
+        name,
+        dim(message)
+    );
+}
+
+pub struct CatalogRow {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub version: String,
+    pub installed: bool,
+    /// Wrapped onto following lines (descriptions).
+    pub detail: String,
+    /// Same-line suffix after the version (short dates). Empty for catalog
+    /// views that already use `detail`.
+    pub aside: String,
+}
+
+/// Two-line catalog: status glyph + aligned name/version, then a hanging
+/// description (or date) wrapped to the terminal width. Column widths are
+/// computed from the row set so long `-dev.` versions no longer smash the
+/// old `{: <10}` pad.
+pub fn print_catalog(rows: &[CatalogRow]) {
+    for line in format_catalog(rows, term_width()) {
+        println!("{line}");
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn format_catalog(rows: &[CatalogRow], width: usize) -> Vec<String> {
+    if rows.is_empty() {
+        return Vec::new();
+    }
+    let name_w = rows.iter().map(|r| r.name.len()).max().unwrap_or(0);
+    let indent = 5; // "  ✓  " / "     "
+    let detail_width = width.saturating_sub(indent).max(24);
+
+    let mut lines = Vec::new();
+    for row in rows {
+        let glyph = if row.installed {
+            style("✓", GREEN)
+        } else {
+            " ".to_string()
+        };
+        let name = style(&format!("{:<name_w$}", row.name), BOLD);
+        let version = style(&row.version, DIM);
+        let mut line = format!("  {glyph}  {name}  {version}");
+        if !row.aside.is_empty() {
+            line.push_str("  ");
+            line.push_str(&dim(&row.aside));
+        }
+        lines.push(line);
+        if !row.detail.is_empty() {
+            for wrapped in wrap_words(&row.detail, detail_width) {
+                lines.push(format!("     {}", dim(&wrapped)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    lines
+}
+
+pub fn wrap_words(text: &str, width: usize) -> Vec<String> {
+    if width == 0 {
+        return vec![text.to_string()];
+    }
+    let mut lines = Vec::new();
+    let mut cur = String::new();
+    for word in text.split_whitespace() {
+        if cur.is_empty() {
+            cur = word.to_string();
+        } else if cur.len() + 1 + word.len() <= width {
+            cur.push(' ');
+            cur.push_str(word);
+        } else {
+            lines.push(std::mem::take(&mut cur));
+            cur = word.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+    if !cur.is_empty() {
+        lines.push(cur);
+    }
+    lines
+}
+
+pub fn short_date(rfc3339: &str) -> String {
+    chrono::DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(rfc3339)
+        .map(|dt| dt.format("%Y-%m-%d").to_string())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| rfc3339.to_string())
+}
+
+pub fn name_width<S: AsRef<str>>(names: impl IntoIterator<Item = S>) -> usize {
+    names
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|s| s.as_ref().len())
+        .max()
+        .unwrap_or(0)
+}
+
+/// `\r`-overwritten download bar on stderr. Pads to a stable width so a
+/// shorter later frame doesn't leave leftover characters from a longer one.
+pub fn print_progress(downloaded: u64, total: u64) {
+    let width = term_width().clamp(40, 72);
+    let line = progress_line(downloaded, total, 20);
+    let padded = fit_width(&line, width);
+    eprint!("\r{padded}");
+    let _ = std::io::stderr().flush();
+}
+
+pub fn finish_progress() {
+    eprintln!();
+}
+
+pub fn progress_line(downloaded: u64, total: u64, bar_width: usize) -> String {
+    let dl = downloaded as f64 / 1_048_576.0;
+    let tot = total as f64 / 1_048_576.0;
+    let frac = if total == 0 {
+        0.0
+    } else {
+        (downloaded as f64 / total as f64).clamp(0.0, 1.0)
+    };
+    let filled = ((bar_width as f64) * frac).round() as usize;
+    let filled = filled.min(bar_width);
+    let bar = format!("{}{}", "█".repeat(filled), "░".repeat(bar_width - filled));
+    let pct = (frac * 100.0).round() as u32;
+    format!(
+        "  ⇣ {}  {:>3}%  {:.1}/{:.1} MB",
+        style_err(&bar, CYAN),
+        pct,
+        dl,
+        tot
+    )
+}
+
+fn fit_width(s: &str, width: usize) -> String {
+    let visible = visible_len(s);
+    if visible >= width {
+        return s.to_string();
+    }
+    format!("{s}{}", " ".repeat(width - visible))
+}
+
+fn visible_len(s: &str) -> usize {
+    let mut n = 0;
+    let mut chars = s.chars().peekable();
+    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
+        if c == '\u{1b}' {
+            if chars.peek() == Some(&'[') {
+                chars.next();
+                for next in chars.by_ref() {
+                    if next.is_ascii_alphabetic() {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        n += 1;
+    }
+    n
+}
+
+pub fn term_width() -> usize {
+    if let Ok(w) = std::env::var("COLUMNS") {
+        if let Ok(n) = w.parse::<usize>() {
+            if n >= 40 {
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ioctl_width().filter(|&n| n >= 40).unwrap_or(80)
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn ioctl_width() -> Option<usize> {
+    use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+
+    #[repr(C)]
+    struct WinSize {
+        row: u16,
+        col: u16,
+        x: u16,
+        y: u16,
+    }
+
+    unsafe extern "C" {
+        fn ioctl(fd: i32, request: u64, argp: *mut WinSize) -> i32;
+    }
+
+    let mut ws = WinSize {
+        row: 0,
+        col: 0,
+        x: 0,
+        y: 0,
+    };
+    // TIOCGWINSZ on Linux.
+    let fd = std::io::stdout().as_raw_fd();
+    let ret = unsafe { ioctl(fd, 0x5413, &mut ws) };
+    if ret == 0 && ws.col > 0 {
+        Some(ws.col as usize)
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(unix))]
+fn ioctl_width() -> Option<usize> {
+    None
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stable_badge_is_empty() {
+        assert_eq!(track_badge(Track::Stable), "");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dev_badge_is_nonempty() {
+        assert!(!track_badge(Track::Dev).is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn unchanged_carries_a_distinct_glyph_from_ok_and_fail() {
+        // Meaning must survive even with colors stripped (NO_COLOR, or a
+        // terminal palette that makes ANSI codes look alike) — so the glyph
+        // itself has to differ, not just the color.
+        assert!(unchanged("foo").contains('·'));
+        assert!(!ok("foo").contains('·'));
+        assert!(!fail("foo").contains('·'));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn catalog_aligns_names_and_versions() {
+        let lines = format_catalog(
+            &[
+                CatalogRow {
+                    name: "bakery".into(),
+                    version: "0.7.2-dev.20260815142350+30517f1".into(),
+                    installed: true,
+                    detail: "Package manager".into(),
+                    aside: String::new(),
+                },
+                CatalogRow {
+                    name: "breadarr".into(),
+                    version: "0.1.2".into(),
+                    installed: false,
+                    detail: "Homelab arr stack".into(),
+                    aside: String::new(),
+                },
+            ],
+            80,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(lines.len(), 4);
+        assert!(lines[0].contains("bakery"));
+        assert!(lines[0].contains("0.7.2-dev.20260815142350+30517f1"));
+        assert!(lines[1].contains("Package manager"));
+        // Shorter version is padded so the columns stay a block, not a
+        // ragged list — the long bakery version used to overflow `{: <10}`.
+        // Compare display columns, not byte offsets: the installed glyph
+        // is a 3-byte checkmark sitting in a 1-column slot.
+        let bakery_col = visible_len(&lines[0][..lines[0].find("0.7.2-dev").unwrap()]);
+        let breadarr_col = visible_len(&lines[2][..lines[2].find("0.1.2").unwrap()]);
+        assert_eq!(bakery_col, breadarr_col);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wrap_words_breaks_on_width() {
+        let lines = wrap_words("one two three four", 9);
+        assert_eq!(lines, vec!["one two", "three", "four"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn progress_line_has_bar_and_percent() {
+        let line = progress_line(1_048_576, 2_097_152, 10);
+        assert!(line.contains('█'));
+        assert!(line.contains('░'));
+        assert!(line.contains("50%"));
+        assert!(line.contains("1.0/2.0 MB"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn visible_len_ignores_ansi() {
+        assert_eq!(visible_len("hello"), 5);
+        assert_eq!(visible_len(&format!("{CYAN}hello{RESET}")), 5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn short_date_from_rfc3339() {
+        assert_eq!(short_date("2026-08-15T14:23:50+00:00"), "2026-08-15");
+    }
+}

bread-app/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+[package]
+name = "bread-app"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "GTK application bootstrap for bread desktop tools: app id, singleton, optional overlay popup, and command listen loop"
+repository = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem"
+keywords = ["gtk4", "wayland", "hyprland"]
+
+[dependencies]
+bread-utils = { path = "../bread-utils" }
+
+[features]
+# Layer-shell overlay helper (`gtk_popup`). Matches `bread-utils/gtk` so a
+# consumer that only wants app-id / singleton helpers does not pull GTK4.
+gtk = ["bread-utils/gtk"]
+# `BreadClient` listen loop on `bread.command.<app>.**`. Matches
+# `bread-utils/bread-client`.
+bread-client = ["bread-utils/bread-client"]

bread-app/src/command.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//! Command-bus helpers for `bread.command.<app>.**`.
+//!
+//! The `command_id` here is the breadd sibling-app id (`clip`, `box`,
+//! `shot`) — often shorter than the GTK / singleton name (`breadclip`).
+
+use crate::id::{parse_app_name, InvalidAppId};
+use bread_utils::bread_client::{BreadClient, BreadEvent, Subscription};
+
+/// Same charset as [`parse_app_name`]: a single command-bus segment.
+pub fn parse_command_id(command_id: &str) -> Result<&str, InvalidAppId> {
+    parse_app_name(command_id)
+}
+
+/// Subscribe glob: `bread.command.<app>.**`.
+pub fn command_pattern(command_id: &str) -> Result<String, InvalidAppId> {
+    let id = parse_command_id(command_id)?;
+    Ok(format!("bread.command.{id}.**"))
+}
+
+/// The verb segment of `bread.command.<app>.<verb>` (and extra trailing
+/// segments, if any). `None` when the event is not addressed to
+/// `command_id` or the verb is missing.
+///
+/// Extra dotted remainder (`bread.command.clip.stack.clear`) yields the
+/// first remaining segment (`stack`) — a verb is one segment, matching
+/// [`BreadClient::command`].
+pub fn command_verb<'a>(event: &'a str, command_id: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
+    if command_id.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let prefix = format!("bread.command.{command_id}.");
+    let rest = event.strip_prefix(&prefix)?;
+    let verb = rest.split('.').next()?;
+    if verb.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(verb)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Subscribe to `bread.command.<command_id>.**` and invoke `on_verb` with
+/// the parsed verb plus the raw event.
+///
+/// Fail-silent: constructing the client and holding the subscription never
+/// requires breadd to be running. Drop the returned [`Subscription`] (or
+/// call [`Subscription::stop`]) to end the loop.
+pub fn listen_commands<F>(command_id: &str, on_verb: F) -> Result<Subscription, InvalidAppId>
+where
+    F: Fn(&str, BreadEvent) + Send + 'static,
+{
+    let id = parse_command_id(command_id)?.to_string();
+    let client = BreadClient::connect(id.clone());
+    let pattern = format!("bread.command.{id}.**");
+    Ok(client.subscribe(pattern, move |event| {
+        let Some(verb) = command_verb(&event.event, &id).map(str::to_owned) else {
+            return;
+        };
+        on_verb(&verb, event);
+    }))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_pattern_uses_double_star() {
+        assert_eq!(command_pattern("clip").unwrap(), "bread.command.clip.**");
+        assert_eq!(command_pattern("shot").unwrap(), "bread.command.shot.**");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_pattern_rejects_invalid_id() {
+        assert!(command_pattern("").is_err());
+        assert!(command_pattern("clip.clear").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_verb_strips_app_prefix() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            command_verb("bread.command.clip.clear", "clip"),
+            Some("clear")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            command_verb("bread.command.shot.region", "shot"),
+            Some("region")
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            command_verb("bread.command.shot.annotate", "shot"),
+            Some("annotate")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_verb_takes_first_segment_only() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            command_verb("bread.command.clip.stack.clear", "clip"),
+            Some("stack")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_verb_rejects_other_apps_and_missing_verb() {
+        assert_eq!(command_verb("bread.command.clip.clear", "shot"), None);
+        assert_eq!(command_verb("bread.command.clip", "clip"), None);
+        assert_eq!(command_verb("bread.command.clip.", "clip"), None);
+        assert_eq!(command_verb("bread.clip.copied", "clip"), None);
+        assert_eq!(command_verb("bread.command.clip.clear", ""), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn listen_commands_rejects_invalid_id() {
+        assert!(listen_commands("", |_, _| {}).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn listen_commands_stop_joins_without_a_daemon() {
+        let sub = listen_commands("clip", |_, _| {}).unwrap();
+        sub.stop();
+    }
+}

bread-app/src/id.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+//! App-id helpers shared by GTK tools and the singleton lock.
+//!
+//! The process / pid-file name (`breadbox`, `bread-polkit`) is also the
+//! last segment of the GApplication id (`com.breadway.breadbox`). That is
+//! *not* always the breadd command-bus id (`box`, `clip`) — see
+//! [`crate::command_verb`] under feature `bread-client`.
+
+use std::io;
+
+use crate::singleton::{self, Acquire, Toggle};
+
+/// Why [`parse_app_name`] / [`application_id`] rejected a string.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct InvalidAppId {
+    /// The rejected input, owned so the error is `'static`.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// Short reason suitable for an `io::Error` / clap message.
+    pub reason: &'static str,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for InvalidAppId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "invalid app id '{}': {}", self.name, self.reason)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for InvalidAppId {}
+
+/// Accept a process / GTK application name (`breadbox`, `bread-polkit`).
+///
+/// Rules match a GApplication id *element*: non-empty, ASCII letter first,
+/// then ASCII alphanumeric / `-` / `_`. Dots are rejected so the name can
+/// sit in `com.breadway.<name>` without creating extra segments.
+pub fn parse_app_name(name: &str) -> Result<&str, InvalidAppId> {
+    if name.is_empty() {
+        return Err(InvalidAppId {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            reason: "must not be empty",
+        });
+    }
+    let mut chars = name.chars();
+    let first = chars.next().expect("non-empty");
+    if !first.is_ascii_alphabetic() {
+        return Err(InvalidAppId {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            reason: "must start with an ASCII letter",
+        });
+    }
+    if !chars.all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '-' || c == '_') {
+        return Err(InvalidAppId {
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            reason: "only ASCII letters, digits, '-' and '_' are allowed",
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(name)
+}
+
+/// Reverse-DNS GApplication id: `com.breadway.<name>`.
+pub fn application_id(app_name: &str) -> Result<String, InvalidAppId> {
+    let name = parse_app_name(app_name)?;
+    Ok(format!("com.breadway.{name}"))
+}
+
+/// [`singleton::try_acquire`] after [`parse_app_name`].
+///
+/// Invalid names become [`io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput`] and never touch
+/// the pid file.
+pub fn try_acquire(app_name: &str) -> io::Result<Acquire> {
+    let name =
+        parse_app_name(app_name).map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, e))?;
+    singleton::try_acquire(name)
+}
+
+/// [`singleton::toggle_or_kill`] after [`parse_app_name`].
+pub fn toggle_or_kill(app_name: &str) -> io::Result<Toggle> {
+    let name =
+        parse_app_name(app_name).map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, e))?;
+    singleton::toggle_or_kill(name)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_app_name_accepts_existing_tool_names() {
+        for name in ["breadbox", "breadclip", "bread-polkit", "breadcast"] {
+            assert_eq!(parse_app_name(name), Ok(name));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_app_name_rejects_empty_dot_and_leading_digit() {
+        assert!(parse_app_name("").is_err());
+        assert!(parse_app_name("bread.box").is_err());
+        assert!(parse_app_name("1box").is_err());
+        assert!(parse_app_name("-box").is_err());
+        assert!(parse_app_name("bread box").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn application_id_uses_com_breadway_prefix() {
+        assert_eq!(application_id("breadbox").unwrap(), "com.breadway.breadbox");
+        assert_eq!(
+            application_id("bread-polkit").unwrap(),
+            "com.breadway.bread-polkit"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn application_id_rejects_invalid_name() {
+        assert!(application_id("").is_err());
+        assert!(application_id("bread.box").is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_acquire_rejects_invalid_name_before_lock() {
+        match try_acquire("") {
+            Err(err) => assert_eq!(err.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput),
+            Ok(_) => panic!("empty name must not acquire a lock"),
+        }
+        match try_acquire("bread.box") {
+            Err(err) => assert_eq!(err.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput),
+            Ok(_) => panic!("dotted name must not acquire a lock"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn try_acquire_accepts_valid_name() {
+        let name = format!("bread-app-id-test-{}", std::process::id());
+        match try_acquire(&name).unwrap() {
+            Acquire::Acquired(_guard) => {}
+            Acquire::HeldByOther(_) => panic!("expected first acquire to succeed"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn toggle_or_kill_starts_when_nothing_else_is_running() {
+        let name = format!("bread-app-toggle-test-{}", std::process::id());
+        match toggle_or_kill(&name).unwrap() {
+            Toggle::Started(_guard) => {}
+            Toggle::KilledExisting => panic!("expected to start as the first instance"),
+        }
+    }
+}

bread-app/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//! GTK application bootstrap for bread desktop tools.
+//!
+//! New GTK tools should depend on this crate instead of copying a sixth
+//! `main.rs` that wires a `com.breadway.*` application id, a
+//! [`bread_utils::singleton`] lock, a layer-shell overlay, and a
+//! `bread.command.<app>.**` listen loop.
+//!
+//! # What this is
+//!
+//! The pieces every bread GTK binary already copies:
+//!
+//! - [`application_id`] / [`parse_app_name`] — reverse-DNS id
+//!   (`com.breadway.breadbox`) and the same name used for the singleton
+//!   pid file.
+//! - [`try_acquire`] / [`toggle_or_kill`] — [`bread_utils::singleton`]
+//!   wrappers that reject an invalid name before touching the lock.
+//! - feature `gtk` — re-exports [`gtk_popup`] (`bread_utils::gtk_popup`)
+//!   for the full-screen overlay breadbox / breadclip / breadcast start
+//!   from.
+//! - feature `bread-client` — [`listen_commands`] plus [`command_verb`] /
+//!   [`command_pattern`] so a tool can honor `bread.command.<app>.**`
+//!   without re-deriving the prefix strip.
+//!
+//! This crate does **not** migrate existing apps. Callers still own their
+//! widgets, CSS, and clap. Screenshot / `--screenshot` helpers stay in
+//! [`bread_utils::screenshot_cli`].
+//!
+//! # Example
+//!
+//! ```ignore
+//! let _guard = match bread_app::try_acquire("breadbox")? {
+//!     bread_app::singleton::Acquire::Acquired(g) => g,
+//!     bread_app::singleton::Acquire::HeldByOther(_) => return Ok(()),
+//! };
+//! let app = gtk4::Application::builder()
+//!     .application_id(&bread_app::application_id("breadbox")?)
+//!     .build();
+//!
+//! #[cfg(feature = "gtk")]
+//! app.connect_activate(|app| {
+//!     let window = bread_app::gtk_popup::new_overlay_window(app, "breadbox");
+//!     window.present();
+//! });
+//!
+//! #[cfg(feature = "bread-client")]
+//! let _commands = bread_app::listen_commands("box", |verb, event| {
+//!     // verb is the single segment after `bread.command.box.`
+//!     let _ = (verb, event);
+//! })?;
+//! ```
+
+pub use bread_utils::singleton;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "gtk")]
+pub use bread_utils::gtk_popup;
+
+mod id;
+
+pub use id::{application_id, parse_app_name, toggle_or_kill, try_acquire, InvalidAppId};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bread-client")]
+mod command;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "bread-client")]
+pub use bread_utils::bread_client::{BreadClient, BreadEvent, Subscription};
+#[cfg(feature = "bread-client")]
+pub use command::{command_pattern, command_verb, listen_commands, parse_command_id};

bread-capture/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[package]
+name = "bread-capture"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "Orchestrator for the bread ecosystem's UI screenshot tooling: drives each app's --screenshot mode and collects the resulting PNGs"
+repository = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem"
+keywords = ["screenshot", "ci", "tooling"]
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "bread-capture"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+bread-utils = { path = "../bread-utils" }
+clap = { workspace = true }
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+# Generates the isolated capture canvas's rainbow-gradient background — see
+# isolation.rs. png-only: no decoding, no other format support needed.
+image = { version = "0.25", default-features = false, features = ["png"] }

bread-capture/src/isolation.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+//! Runs each capture target inside a headless Sway instance instead of the
+//! operator's live desktop, so nothing on their screen (other windows, a
+//! differently-themed real bar, whatever's behind a popover) can leak into a
+//! capture, and the capture never flashes across their desktop either.
+//!
+//! This replaced an earlier nested-Hyprland approach (see git history for
+//! `feature/capture-isolation` if you want the gory details). That worked,
+//! but Hyprland's own backend library (Aquamarine) has no genuinely headless
+//! mode when a live session already holds the seat — the only path was
+//! nesting a full second Hyprland as an ordinary Wayland *client* of the
+//! outer session, which meant: the outer compositor deciding the nested
+//! window's pixel size (so every capture needed an outer-session
+//! float+resize dispatch), the outer compositor throttling frame callbacks
+//! for occluded surfaces (so the nested window also had to be *focused*, or
+//! `grim` run inside it hung forever waiting on a frame that never came),
+//! and — the thing that ultimately motivated dropping this approach — no way
+//! to fully suppress the brief real, visible flash of that window on the
+//! operator's actual screen (Lua-config Hyprland has no `keyword`-based
+//! pre-emptive windowrule injection, and parking it on an untoggled special
+//! workspace produced broken, half-rendered captures instead).
+//!
+//! wlroots (which Sway, not Hyprland, is built directly on) has a real
+//! headless backend: `WLR_BACKENDS=headless` skips DRM and Wayland-client
+//! backends entirely and synthesizes a virtual output with no seat/DRM-master
+//! claim at all — no fight with logind over the live session's seat, and no
+//! window anywhere, nested or otherwise, for the operator to ever see. Empirically
+//! confirmed on this machine: zero visible footprint, `zwlr_layer_shell_v1`
+//! and `zwlr_screencopy_manager_v1` both present (so a layer-shell bar and
+//! `grim` both work), and a manual `grim` capture against it completes
+//! instantly with no focus/occlusion dance required.
+//!
+//! One consequence of not nesting inside Hyprland at all: breadbar's
+//! workspace list (`src/bar/workspaces.rs`, via the `hyprland` crate) talks
+//! to whatever `HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE` points at. Left alone, that
+//! still points at the operator's real, live Hyprland instance — a data leak
+//! into an otherwise-isolated capture (real workspace names/count showing up
+//! in a bar screenshot that's supposed to be clean). Sway has no equivalent
+//! IPC this needs to keep working, so [`Isolation::start`] unsets it;
+//! breadbar already has to tolerate a missing/dead Hyprland connection
+//! gracefully (it survives Hyprland restarting), so this just exercises that
+//! same fallback path instead of a real error case.
+//!
+//! The background is a generated rainbow gradient, not a flat colour —
+//! deliberately: a solid fill can't tell you whether a window that's
+//! *supposed* to be translucent (breadbox/breadclip/breadsearch's
+//! full-screen overlay windows, breadbar's notification/OSD surfaces) is
+//! actually compositing as translucent, since a flat colour showing through
+//! a flat colour still just looks flat. A continuously-varying gradient
+//! makes any real transparency immediately obvious (multiple hues bleed
+//! through) and any accidentally-opaque surface just as obvious (it blocks
+//! the gradient out entirely, a flat rectangle where there should be colour
+//! variation).
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+const DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+pub struct Isolation {
+    child: Child,
+    pub wayland_display: String,
+    config_path: PathBuf,
+    background_path: PathBuf,
+    runtime_dir: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl Isolation {
+    /// Spawn the headless instance sized to `width`x`height`, and set
+    /// `WAYLAND_DISPLAY` on *this* process's own environment (and unset
+    /// `HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE`) so every subsequent
+    /// `bread_utils::proc::run` spawn (the target app, and in turn its own
+    /// `grim` calls) inherits them and lands inside the isolated instance.
+    pub fn start(width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<Self> {
+        let runtime_dir = PathBuf::from(
+            std::env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "/run/user/1000".to_string()),
+        );
+        let background_path = write_rainbow_background(width, height)?;
+        let config_path = write_headless_config(width, height, &background_path)?;
+        let before_sockets: HashSet<String> = dir_names(&runtime_dir)
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|n| is_wayland_socket_name(n))
+            .collect();
+
+        let child = Command::new("sway")
+            .arg("-c")
+            .arg(&config_path)
+            .env("WLR_BACKENDS", "headless")
+            .env("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", &runtime_dir)
+            .env_remove("WAYLAND_DISPLAY")
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null())
+            .spawn()
+            .context("spawning headless sway")?;
+
+        let mut isolation = Isolation {
+            child,
+            wayland_display: String::new(),
+            config_path,
+            background_path,
+            runtime_dir: runtime_dir.clone(),
+        };
+
+        match poll_for_new(&runtime_dir, &before_sockets, DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT, is_wayland_socket_name)
+            .context("waiting for headless sway's Wayland socket to appear")
+        {
+            Ok(name) => isolation.wayland_display = name,
+            Err(e) => {
+                // Best-effort teardown of the half-started instance before
+                // propagating — the normal Drop impl still runs too, but
+                // doing it here as well means a failure this early doesn't
+                // depend on isolation ever being bound to a variable that
+                // outlives this function.
+                let _ = isolation.child.kill();
+                let _ = isolation.child.wait();
+                return Err(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::env::set_var("WAYLAND_DISPLAY", &isolation.wayland_display);
+        std::env::remove_var("HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE");
+
+        Ok(isolation)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Isolation {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = self.child.kill();
+        let _ = self.child.wait();
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&self.config_path);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&self.background_path);
+        // Killing sway doesn't unlink the socket it bound — confirmed
+        // empirically, a killed instance leaves both files behind — so
+        // without this, every capture run permanently orphans a
+        // `wayland-N`/`wayland-N.lock` pair in the runtime dir.
+        if !self.wayland_display.is_empty() {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(self.runtime_dir.join(&self.wayland_display));
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_file(self.runtime_dir.join(format!("{}.lock", self.wayland_display)));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_headless_config(width: u32, height: u32, background_path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("bread-capture-sway-{}.conf", std::process::id()));
+    let bg = background_path.display();
+    let contents = format!(
+        "output HEADLESS-1 resolution {width}x{height}\n\
+         output HEADLESS-1 bg {bg} stretch\n"
+    );
+    std::fs::write(&path, contents).with_context(|| format!("writing {}", path.display()))?;
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+/// Renders a diagonal rainbow (full hue sweep, both x and y contribute) to a
+/// PNG at exactly `width`x`height`, for use as the isolated canvas's
+/// background — see the module doc for why a gradient instead of a flat
+/// colour. Diagonal rather than a simple left-to-right sweep so a capture
+/// showing color variation isn't just luck-of-the-x-position: a purely
+/// horizontal gradient would still make a tall, narrow surface look like a
+/// near-flat single hue.
+fn write_rainbow_background(width: u32, height: u32) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("bread-capture-bg-{}.png", std::process::id()));
+    let mut img = image::RgbImage::new(width.max(1), height.max(1));
+    let denom = (width + height).max(1) as f32;
+    for y in 0..img.height() {
+        for x in 0..img.width() {
+            let hue = ((x + y) as f32 / denom) * 360.0;
+            img.put_pixel(x, y, image::Rgb(hsv_to_rgb(hue, 0.85, 0.95)));
+        }
+    }
+    img.save(&path).with_context(|| format!("writing {}", path.display()))?;
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+/// Standard HSV -> RGB conversion. `h` in degrees [0, 360), `s`/`v` in [0, 1].
+fn hsv_to_rgb(h: f32, s: f32, v: f32) -> [u8; 3] {
+    let c = v * s;
+    let h_prime = (h / 60.0) % 6.0;
+    let x = c * (1.0 - (h_prime % 2.0 - 1.0).abs());
+    let m = v - c;
+    let (r1, g1, b1) = match h_prime as u32 {
+        0 => (c, x, 0.0),
+        1 => (x, c, 0.0),
+        2 => (0.0, c, x),
+        3 => (0.0, x, c),
+        4 => (x, 0.0, c),
+        _ => (c, 0.0, x),
+    };
+    [
+        ((r1 + m) * 255.0).round() as u8,
+        ((g1 + m) * 255.0).round() as u8,
+        ((b1 + m) * 255.0).round() as u8,
+    ]
+}
+
+fn dir_names(path: &Path) -> HashSet<String> {
+    std::fs::read_dir(path)
+        .into_iter()
+        .flatten()
+        .filter_map(|e| e.ok())
+        .map(|e| e.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn is_wayland_socket_name(name: &str) -> bool {
+    name.strip_prefix("wayland-")
+        .is_some_and(|rest| !rest.is_empty() && rest.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()))
+}
+
+fn poll_for_new(
+    dir: &Path,
+    before: &HashSet<String>,
+    timeout: Duration,
+    relevant: impl Fn(&str) -> bool,
+) -> Result<String> {
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    loop {
+        let after = dir_names(dir);
+        if let Some(name) = after.iter().find(|n| relevant(n) && !before.contains(*n)) {
+            return Ok(name.clone());
+        }
+        if start.elapsed() > timeout {
+            bail!(
+                "timed out after {timeout:?} waiting for a new entry in {}",
+                dir.display()
+            );
+        }
+        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+    }
+}

bread-capture/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+//! Orchestrator for the bread ecosystem's UI screenshot tooling.
+//!
+//! Drives each target app's `--screenshot <view> --output <path>` mode (see
+//! `bread-screenshots` for what that mode does inside the app) and reports
+//! pass/fail per view/app. Plain `bread-capture` with no flags captures
+//! every known app's every view in one run — each app's binary is resolved
+//! by its own bare name via `$PATH`, same as running it directly by name
+//! would. `--app <name>` restricts to one app; `--app-path <path>`
+//! overrides where its binary is found (and, without `--app`, also selects
+//! which app by its file stem — so `--app-path ./target/release/breadbox`
+//! alone still works); `--view <name>` further restricts to one view. The
+//! view list for each app is looked up from [`TARGETS`] below. Each app
+//! gets its own subdirectory under `--out-dir` (`<out-dir>/<app>/<view>.png`)
+//! — no versioned `screenshots/vX.Y.Z/latest` structure or manifest file
+//! yet, since that's still not earning its complexity over a handful of
+//! apps.
+//!
+//! By default every capture runs inside a throwaway headless Sway instance
+//! (see [`isolation`]) rather than the operator's live desktop, so another
+//! window (or their own differently-themed real bar) can't leak into a
+//! capture. `--no-isolate` skips that and captures directly against whatever
+//! session bread-capture itself is running in — useful for debugging the
+//! capture sequence itself, since you can then actually watch it happen.
+
+mod isolation;
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use clap::Parser;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::process::ExitCode;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+const CAPTURE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
+
+/// Per-app (view name, output filename) lists. Keyed by the app's binary
+/// name — see `--app-name`. Filenames are plain (no app prefix): each app
+/// gets its own subdirectory under `--out-dir` (`<out-dir>/<app>/<file>`),
+/// so the prefix would just be redundant with the folder name.
+const TARGETS: &[(&str, &[(&str, &str)])] = &[
+    (
+        "breadbar",
+        &[
+            ("bar", "bar.png"),
+            ("control-panel", "control-panel.png"),
+            ("connectivity-wifi", "connectivity-wifi.png"),
+            ("connectivity-bluetooth", "connectivity-bluetooth.png"),
+            ("media-popover", "media-popover.png"),
+            ("notification", "notification.png"),
+            ("notification-critical", "notification-critical.png"),
+            ("osd-volume", "osd-volume.png"),
+            ("osd-brightness", "osd-brightness.png"),
+            ("wifi-add-dialog", "wifi-add-dialog.png"),
+            // Theme 04/spotlight's embedded capsule (only rendered under
+            // `BREAD_SHELL_THEME=spotlight` — every other theme's [bar.slots]
+            // never places launcher_entry/launcher_results anywhere).
+            ("capsule-collapsed", "capsule-collapsed.png"),
+            ("capsule-expanded", "capsule-expanded.png"),
+            // Phase 6c: query sections (idle "Recent"/"Apps" headers) and
+            // the `=` calc mode — see breadbar's own `screenshot::KNOWN_VIEWS`
+            // doc comment for why the search-state width/radius change
+            // (item E) doesn't need a view of its own.
+            ("capsule-sections", "capsule-sections.png"),
+            ("capsule-calc", "capsule-calc.png"),
+        ],
+    ),
+    ("breadbox", &[("launcher", "launcher.png")]),
+    ("breadclip", &[("history", "history.png")]),
+    ("breadsearch", &[("search", "search.png")]),
+    (
+        "breadpad",
+        &[
+            ("popup", "popup.png"),
+            ("reminder", "reminder.png"),
+            ("reminder-snooze", "reminder-snooze.png"),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "breadhelp",
+        &[
+            ("home", "home.png"),
+            ("learn", "learn.png"),
+            ("ask", "ask.png"),
+            ("troubleshoot-wizard", "troubleshoot-wizard.png"),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "breadman",
+        &[
+            ("all", "all.png"),
+            ("upcoming", "upcoming.png"),
+            ("todo", "todo.png"),
+            ("reminder", "reminder.png"),
+            ("idea", "idea.png"),
+            ("note", "note.png"),
+            ("question", "question.png"),
+            ("archive", "archive.png"),
+            ("settings", "settings.png"),
+            ("errors", "errors.png"),
+            ("editor", "editor.png"),
+            ("new-note", "new-note.png"),
+        ],
+    ),
+    (
+        "bos-settings",
+        &[
+            ("network", "network.png"),
+            ("breadcrumbs", "breadcrumbs.png"),
+            ("bluetooth", "bluetooth.png"),
+            ("firewall", "firewall.png"),
+            ("sound", "sound.png"),
+            ("power", "power.png"),
+            ("datetime", "datetime.png"),
+            ("hyprland", "hyprland.png"),
+            ("keybinds", "keybinds.png"),
+            ("autostart", "autostart.png"),
+            ("users", "users.png"),
+            ("appearance", "appearance.png"),
+            ("breadpaper", "breadpaper.png"),
+            ("breadbar", "breadbar.png"),
+            ("breadbox", "breadbox.png"),
+            ("breadclip", "breadclip.png"),
+            ("breadpad", "breadpad.png"),
+            ("breadsearch", "breadsearch.png"),
+            ("bread", "bread.png"),
+            ("packages", "packages.png"),
+            ("aur", "aur.png"),
+            ("firmware", "firmware.png"),
+            ("snapshots", "snapshots.png"),
+            ("about", "about.png"),
+        ],
+    ),
+];
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Restrict to one app (see `TARGETS` for known names). Omit to capture
+    /// every known app's every view in one run.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    app: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Path to that app's binary (resolved via $PATH if not a path).
+    /// Without `--app`, this also selects *which* app by its file stem
+    /// (e.g. `./target/release/breadbox` -> `breadbox`) — so a single-app
+    /// run never needs both flags. Ignored (with a warning) if given
+    /// together with a multi-app run (no `--app`, and the path isn't
+    /// resolvable to exactly one app).
+    #[arg(long)]
+    app_path: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Restrict to one view within the selected app(s) (see each app's
+    /// entry in `TARGETS` for known view names). Apps that don't have a
+    /// view by this name are skipped, not treated as an error, since a
+    /// multi-app run's view names naturally don't all overlap.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    view: Option<String>,
+
+    /// Directory to write captured PNGs into.
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "./screenshots")]
+    out_dir: PathBuf,
+
+    /// Capture directly against the current session instead of a headless,
+    /// throwaway Sway instance. Off by default so captures can't pick up
+    /// whatever else is on the operator's desktop.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    no_isolate: bool,
+
+    /// Width of the isolated session's capture canvas.
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = 1920)]
+    isolate_width: u32,
+
+    /// Height of the isolated session's capture canvas.
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = 1080)]
+    isolate_height: u32,
+}
+
+fn known_app_names() -> String {
+    TARGETS.iter().map(|(n, _)| *n).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
+}
+
+/// (app_name, binary_path, views) per selected app.
+type SelectedTarget = (&'static str, String, &'static [(&'static str, &'static str)]);
+
+/// Resolves which `TARGETS` entries this run covers, and the binary path
+/// to use for each.
+fn selected_targets(cli: &Cli) -> Result<Vec<SelectedTarget>> {
+    if let Some(app) = &cli.app {
+        let Some((name, views)) = TARGETS.iter().find(|(n, _)| n == app) else {
+            bail!("no known view list for app '{app}' (known: {})", known_app_names());
+        };
+        let path = cli.app_path.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| name.to_string());
+        return Ok(vec![(name, path, views)]);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(path) = &cli.app_path {
+        let stem = PathBuf::from(path)
+            .file_stem()
+            .map(|s| s.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| path.clone());
+        let Some((name, views)) = TARGETS.iter().find(|(n, _)| *n == stem) else {
+            bail!("no known view list for app '{stem}' (known: {})", known_app_names());
+        };
+        return Ok(vec![(name, path.clone(), views)]);
+    }
+
+    // No --app / --app-path at all: every known app, resolved by its own
+    // bare name via $PATH.
+    Ok(TARGETS.iter().map(|(name, views)| (*name, name.to_string(), *views)).collect())
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<ExitCode> {
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+    let targets = selected_targets(&cli)?;
+
+    if let Some(view) = &cli.view {
+        if !targets.iter().any(|(_, _, views)| views.iter().any(|(v, _)| v == view)) {
+            bail!("view '{view}' doesn't match any selected app's views");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Bound, not dropped-and-discarded: `_isolation`'s teardown (kill the
+    // compositor, remove its socket/config) must run via Drop regardless of
+    // how this function returns below — returning an ExitCode rather than
+    // calling `std::process::exit` (which skips destructors entirely) is
+    // what makes that true on the failure path too.
+    let _isolation = if cli.no_isolate {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(isolation::Isolation::start(cli.isolate_width, cli.isolate_height)?)
+    };
+
+    let width_str = cli.isolate_width.to_string();
+    let height_str = cli.isolate_height.to_string();
+
+    let mut failed = false;
+    for (app_name, app_path, views) in &targets {
+        for (view, filename) in *views {
+            if cli.view.as_deref().is_some_and(|v| v != *view) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let out_path = cli.out_dir.join(app_name).join(filename);
+            let out_str = out_path.to_string_lossy();
+            let result = bread_utils::proc::run(
+                app_path,
+                &[
+                    "--screenshot", view,
+                    "--output", &out_str,
+                    "--width", &width_str,
+                    "--height", &height_str,
+                ],
+                CAPTURE_TIMEOUT,
+            );
+            if result.success {
+                println!("ok    {app_name}/{view} -> {}", out_path.display());
+            } else {
+                failed = true;
+                println!("FAIL  {app_name}/{view}: {}", result.stderr.trim());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(if failed { ExitCode::FAILURE } else { ExitCode::SUCCESS })
+}

bread-launcher/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[package]
+name = "bread-launcher"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "Headless app-launcher core (desktop-entry discovery, fuzzy matching/ranking, launch history, launching) plus an optional GTK4 results-list widget — the shared logic behind breadbox's overlay window and breadbar's embedded capsule"
+repository = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem"
+keywords = ["launcher", "desktop-entry", "gtk4", "wayland"]
+
+[dependencies]
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+# `do_launch`/`emit_launched` publish a `bread.<app>.launched` event over
+# breadd's IPC socket after a successful spawn, fire-and-forget — this was
+# already breadbox's behaviour (`BreadClient::emit` never blocks or errors
+# the launching caller), just relocated. Not optional: launching is core,
+# headless functionality, unlike the GTK widget below.
+bread-utils = { path = "../bread-utils", features = ["bread-client"] }
+gtk4 = { version = "0.11", features = ["v4_12"], optional = true }
+
+[features]
+# Enable the GTK4 results-list widget (`gtk` module): row building, fuzzy
+# filtering, match/history sorting, and keyboard-style selection movement.
+# Optional so a headless consumer of the matching/ranking/launch core (or a
+# future non-GTK host) doesn't have to pull in GTK4.
+gtk = ["dep:gtk4"]

bread-launcher/src/desktop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+use std::{
+    fs::{self, File},
+    io::{BufRead, BufReader},
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+use crate::paths::app_dirs;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct DesktopEntry {
+    /// Desktop file id (the `.desktop` filename, e.g. `firefox.desktop`).
+    /// Empty only if the path had no file name; callers fall back to `exec`.
+    pub id: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub exec: String,
+    pub icon_name: String,
+    pub icon_path: Option<PathBuf>, // resolved by caller from manifest
+    pub categories: Vec<String>,
+    pub wm_class: Option<String>,
+    pub terminal: bool,
+}
+
+pub fn strip_exec_codes(exec: &str) -> String {
+    let mut out = String::with_capacity(exec.len());
+    let mut chars = exec.chars().peekable();
+    while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
+        if c == '%' {
+            match chars.peek().copied() {
+                Some('%') => {
+                    chars.next();
+                    out.push('%');
+                }
+                Some(n) if n.is_ascii_alphabetic() => {
+                    chars.next();
+                }
+                _ => out.push(c),
+            }
+        } else {
+            out.push(c);
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Returns `None` for entries that should not be shown (hidden, NoDisplay, non-Application type).
+pub fn parse_desktop(path: &Path) -> Option<DesktopEntry> {
+    let file = File::open(path).ok()?;
+    let mut in_entry = false;
+    let mut name: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut exec: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut icon: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut categories: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut wm_class: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut app_type: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut no_display = false;
+    let mut hidden = false;
+    let mut terminal = false;
+
+    for line in BufReader::new(file).lines() {
+        let Ok(raw) = line else { continue };
+        let s = raw.trim();
+        if s.starts_with('#') || s.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if s.starts_with('[') {
+            in_entry = s == "[Desktop Entry]";
+            continue;
+        }
+        if !in_entry {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Name=") {
+            name.get_or_insert_with(|| v.to_string());
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Exec=") {
+            exec.get_or_insert_with(|| v.to_string());
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Icon=") {
+            icon.get_or_insert_with(|| v.to_string());
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Categories=") {
+            categories.get_or_insert_with(|| v.to_string());
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("StartupWMClass=") {
+            wm_class.get_or_insert_with(|| v.to_string());
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Type=") {
+            app_type.get_or_insert_with(|| v.to_string());
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("NoDisplay=") {
+            no_display = v == "true";
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Hidden=") {
+            hidden = v == "true";
+        } else if let Some(v) = s.strip_prefix("Terminal=") {
+            terminal = v == "true" || v == "1";
+        }
+    }
+
+    if no_display || hidden {
+        return None;
+    }
+    if app_type.as_deref() != Some("Application") {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let name = name?.trim().to_string();
+    let exec = strip_exec_codes(exec?.trim()).trim().to_string();
+    if name.is_empty() || exec.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let icon_name = icon.unwrap_or_default().trim().to_string();
+    let cats = categories
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .split(';')
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        .map(|s| s.to_string())
+        .collect();
+
+    let id = path
+        .file_name()
+        .map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    Some(DesktopEntry {
+        id,
+        name,
+        exec,
+        icon_name,
+        icon_path: None,
+        categories: cats,
+        wm_class: wm_class.map(|s| s.trim().to_string()).filter(|s| !s.is_empty()),
+        terminal,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Walk all configured application directories and return deduplicated entries.
+/// Entries from later directories (user-local) override those from earlier ones.
+pub fn load_all_desktop_entries() -> Vec<DesktopEntry> {
+    let mut seen: std::collections::HashMap<String, DesktopEntry> = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    for dir in app_dirs() {
+        let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(&dir) else { continue };
+        for entry in entries.flatten() {
+            let path = entry.path();
+            if path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) != Some("desktop") {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let key = entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().into_owned();
+            if let Some(app) = parse_desktop(&path) {
+                seen.insert(key, app);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    seen.into_values().collect()
+}

bread-launcher/src/gtk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+//! GTK4 results-list widget: the "row-building half" of what used to be
+//! breadbox's `run_ui` (`THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md` §3) — desktop-entry rows,
+//! fuzzy filtering, match/history sorting, and keyboard-style selection
+//! movement, packaged as [`ResultsList`] so any host window can embed it.
+//! breadbox wraps it in a full-screen overlay window today; breadbar's
+//! embedded capsule (a later phase) puts the same widget in its drawer slot.
+
+use std::{cell::RefCell, path::Path, rc::Rc};
+
+use gtk4::{
+    gdk, gio,
+    pango::EllipsizeMode,
+    prelude::*,
+    Align, Box as GBox, Image, Label, ListBox, ListBoxRow, Orientation, PolicyType,
+    ScrolledWindow, SelectionMode,
+};
+
+use crate::desktop::DesktopEntry;
+use crate::history::LaunchHistory;
+use crate::matching::{fuzzy_matches, fuzzy_score, split_sections};
+
+fn make_icon(icon_name: &str, icon_path: Option<&Path>, icon_px: i32) -> Image {
+    // Try loading from resolved cached path via gio::File
+    if let Some(path) = icon_path {
+        let gio_file = gio::File::for_path(path);
+        if let Ok(texture) = gdk::Texture::from_file(&gio_file) {
+            let img = Image::new();
+            img.set_paintable(Some(&texture));
+            img.set_pixel_size(icon_px);
+            return img;
+        }
+    }
+    // Fall back to GTK icon theme lookup by name
+    let name = if icon_name.is_empty() {
+        "application-x-executable"
+    } else {
+        icon_name
+    };
+    let img = Image::from_icon_name(name);
+    img.set_pixel_size(icon_px);
+    img
+}
+
+fn build_row(entry: &DesktopEntry, idx: u32, icon_px: i32) -> ListBoxRow {
+    let row = ListBoxRow::new();
+    let hbox = GBox::new(Orientation::Horizontal, 0);
+    hbox.set_margin_start(6);
+    hbox.set_margin_end(6);
+    hbox.set_valign(Align::Center);
+
+    let icon = make_icon(&entry.icon_name, entry.icon_path.as_deref(), icon_px);
+    hbox.append(&icon);
+
+    let name_lbl = Label::new(Some(&entry.name));
+    name_lbl.add_css_class("app-name");
+    name_lbl.set_xalign(0.0);
+    name_lbl.set_hexpand(true);
+    name_lbl.set_ellipsize(EllipsizeMode::End);
+    hbox.append(&name_lbl);
+
+    if let Some(ref wm) = entry.wm_class {
+        let wm_lbl = Label::new(Some(wm));
+        wm_lbl.add_css_class("app-muted");
+        wm_lbl.set_xalign(1.0);
+        hbox.append(&wm_lbl);
+    }
+
+    row.set_child(Some(&hbox));
+    unsafe { row.set_data("entry", entry.clone()) };
+    unsafe { row.set_data("initial_order", idx) };
+    row
+}
+
+/// A non-selectable, non-activatable "Recent"/"Apps" label row (plan phase
+/// 6c, `[launcher].sections`) — deliberately carries no `"entry"` row data,
+/// which is exactly what [`row_entry`] (and everything downstream of it:
+/// `set_query`'s filter, `select_next`/`select_prev`'s traversal) already
+/// uses to tell a header apart from a real app row.
+fn build_header_row(label: &str, idx: u32) -> ListBoxRow {
+    let row = ListBoxRow::new();
+    row.set_selectable(false);
+    row.set_activatable(false);
+    row.add_css_class("bread-drawer-section-header");
+    let lbl = Label::new(Some(label));
+    lbl.add_css_class("section-header-label");
+    lbl.set_xalign(0.0);
+    row.set_child(Some(&lbl));
+    unsafe { row.set_data("initial_order", idx) };
+    row
+}
+
+/// Reads the [`DesktopEntry`] a row was built from — e.g. from a
+/// `ListBox::connect_row_activated` handler, which hands back a row
+/// reference rather than going through [`ResultsList::selected_entry`].
+pub fn row_entry(row: &ListBoxRow) -> Option<DesktopEntry> {
+    unsafe { row.data::<DesktopEntry>("entry").map(|p| p.as_ref().clone()) }
+}
+
+/// A scrollable, filterable, rankable list of desktop-entry rows — the
+/// widget breadbox's overlay wraps today and breadbar's capsule will embed
+/// next (`THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md` §7). A host drives it through
+/// [`set_query`](Self::set_query) (wire to a search entry's `changed`
+/// signal), [`select_next`](Self::select_next)/[`select_prev`](Self::select_prev)
+/// (wire to arrow keys), and reads the current pick via
+/// [`selected_entry`](Self::selected_entry) — `list`/`scroller` are exposed
+/// directly for anything else a host needs (e.g. `connect_row_activated`
+/// for click-to-launch, or placing `scroller` in a slot).
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct ResultsList {
+    pub scroller: ScrolledWindow,
+    pub list: ListBox,
+    query: Rc<RefCell<String>>,
+    history: Rc<RefCell<LaunchHistory>>,
+}
+
+impl ResultsList {
+    /// Builds one row per entry (in `entries`' given order — that order is
+    /// also the fallback sort when the query is empty) and wires up sorting
+    /// against `history`'s launch counts.
+    ///
+    /// `sections` (`[launcher].sections`, plan phase 6c): when true, the
+    /// idle (empty-query) view groups `entries` into "Recent"/"Apps"
+    /// [`build_header_row`]s via [`split_sections`] instead of one flat
+    /// list. Sections disappear the moment a query is typed — `set_query`
+    /// falls back to the same flat fuzzy-ranked list either way — so this
+    /// only changes the initial build order and the header rows' presence,
+    /// never the (unchanged) search behaviour. `false` reproduces the
+    /// exact pre-phase-6c flat list breadbox's own overlay still uses.
+    pub fn new(
+        entries: &[DesktopEntry],
+        icon_px: i32,
+        history: Rc<RefCell<LaunchHistory>>,
+        sections: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let list = ListBox::new();
+        list.set_selection_mode(SelectionMode::Browse);
+
+        let mut idx = 0u32;
+        if sections {
+            let (recent, apps) = split_sections(entries.to_vec(), &history.borrow());
+            if !recent.is_empty() {
+                list.append(&build_header_row("Recent", idx));
+                idx += 1;
+                for entry in &recent {
+                    list.append(&build_row(entry, idx, icon_px));
+                    idx += 1;
+                }
+            }
+            if !apps.is_empty() {
+                list.append(&build_header_row("Apps", idx));
+                idx += 1;
+                for entry in &apps {
+                    list.append(&build_row(entry, idx, icon_px));
+                    idx += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for entry in entries {
+                list.append(&build_row(entry, idx, icon_px));
+                idx += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let query: Rc<RefCell<String>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(String::new()));
+        {
+            let query = Rc::clone(&query);
+            let history = Rc::clone(&history);
+            list.set_sort_func(move |row_a, row_b| {
+                let query = query.borrow();
+                if query.is_empty() {
+                    let oa = unsafe {
+                        row_a.data::<u32>("initial_order").map_or(u32::MAX, |p| *p.as_ref())
+                    };
+                    let ob = unsafe {
+                        row_b.data::<u32>("initial_order").map_or(u32::MAX, |p| *p.as_ref())
+                    };
+                    return oa.cmp(&ob).into();
+                }
+                // A header row carries no "entry" data — sort it after any
+                // real row rather than treating the comparison as `Equal`,
+                // though `set_query` also hides every header outright once
+                // a query is non-empty, so this only matters for the
+                // underlying (invisible) list order, never what's shown.
+                match (row_entry(row_a), row_entry(row_b)) {
+                    (Some(ea), Some(eb)) => {
+                        let sa = fuzzy_score(&query, &ea);
+                        let sb = fuzzy_score(&query, &eb);
+                        let history = history.borrow();
+                        let ca = history.count(&ea.name);
+                        let cb = history.count(&eb.name);
+                        sa.cmp(&sb)
+                            .then(cb.cmp(&ca))
+                            .then(ea.name.to_lowercase().cmp(&eb.name.to_lowercase()))
+                            .into()
+                    }
+                    (None, Some(_)) => std::cmp::Ordering::Greater.into(),
+                    (Some(_), None) => std::cmp::Ordering::Less.into(),
+                    (None, None) => std::cmp::Ordering::Equal.into(),
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        let first_real = (0i32..)
+            .map_while(|i| list.row_at_index(i))
+            .find(|r| row_entry(r).is_some());
+        if let Some(first) = first_real {
+            list.select_row(Some(&first));
+        }
+
+        let scroller = ScrolledWindow::new();
+        scroller.set_policy(PolicyType::Never, PolicyType::Automatic);
+        scroller.set_max_content_height(480);
+        scroller.set_propagate_natural_height(true);
+        scroller.set_child(Some(&list));
+
+        ResultsList { scroller, list, query, history }
+    }
+
+    /// Re-filters (fuzzy match against name, `wm_class`, and `exec`) and
+    /// re-sorts by `query`, then selects the first visible row. A header
+    /// row (see [`build_header_row`]) only ever shows in the idle
+    /// (empty-query) browse view — it has no name/`wm_class`/`exec` of its
+    /// own to filter against.
+    pub fn set_query(&self, query: &str) {
+        *self.query.borrow_mut() = query.to_string();
+        let mut i = 0i32;
+        while let Some(row) = self.list.row_at_index(i) {
+            let vis = match row_entry(&row) {
+                Some(e) => {
+                    fuzzy_matches(query, &e.name)
+                        || e.wm_class.as_deref().is_some_and(|w| fuzzy_matches(query, w))
+                        || fuzzy_matches(query, &e.exec)
+                }
+                None => query.is_empty(),
+            };
+            row.set_visible(vis);
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        self.list.invalidate_sort();
+        let first_vis = (0i32..)
+            .map_while(|j| self.list.row_at_index(j))
+            .find(|r| r.is_visible() && row_entry(r).is_some());
+        self.list.select_row(first_vis.as_ref());
+    }
+
+    pub fn selected_entry(&self) -> Option<DesktopEntry> {
+        self.list.selected_row().and_then(|r| row_entry(&r))
+    }
+
+    /// Moves the selection to the next visible row, if any. Skips header
+    /// rows even though they may be visible (the idle browse view) —
+    /// `set_selectable(false)` alone doesn't stop a programmatic
+    /// `select_row` call from landing on one.
+    pub fn select_next(&self) {
+        let cur = self.list.selected_row().map(|r| r.index()).unwrap_or(-1);
+        let mut i = cur + 1;
+        loop {
+            match self.list.row_at_index(i) {
+                Some(r) if r.is_visible() && row_entry(&r).is_some() => {
+                    self.list.select_row(Some(&r));
+                    break;
+                }
+                Some(_) => i += 1,
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Moves the selection to the previous visible row, if any. See
+    /// [`select_next`](Self::select_next) on skipping header rows.
+    pub fn select_prev(&self) {
+        let cur = self.list.selected_row().map(|r| r.index()).unwrap_or(0);
+        let mut i = cur - 1;
+        loop {
+            if i < 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+            match self.list.row_at_index(i) {
+                Some(r) if r.is_visible() && row_entry(&r).is_some() => {
+                    self.list.select_row(Some(&r));
+                    break;
+                }
+                Some(_) => i -= 1,
+                None => break,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Records `entry` as launched in the shared history and persists it.
+    /// Call before actually launching (matching breadbox's original
+    /// increment-then-launch ordering) — history and launching are separate
+    /// concerns, so this doesn't call [`crate::do_launch`] itself.
+    pub fn record_launch(&self, entry: &DesktopEntry) {
+        self.history.borrow_mut().increment(&entry.name);
+        self.history.borrow().save();
+    }
+}

bread-launcher/src/history.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, fs, path::PathBuf};
+
+pub struct LaunchHistory {
+    counts: HashMap<String, u32>,
+    path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl LaunchHistory {
+    /// `app` picks the cache subdirectory (see [`crate::cache_dir`]) the
+    /// history file lives in.
+    pub fn load(app: &str) -> Self {
+        let path = crate::paths::cache_dir(app).join("history.json");
+        let counts = fs::read_to_string(&path)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|s| serde_json::from_str(&s).ok())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        LaunchHistory { counts, path }
+    }
+
+    pub fn count(&self, name: &str) -> u32 {
+        self.counts.get(name).copied().unwrap_or(0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn increment(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        *self.counts.entry(name.to_string()).or_insert(0) += 1;
+    }
+
+    /// Writes `counts` to `path` as JSON. Best-effort — a broken cache dir
+    /// (missing parent, full disk, permissions) must not stop the caller
+    /// from launching anything, so this never returns an error — but it now
+    /// logs one on failure rather than swallowing it silently. Shared by two
+    /// hosts (breadbox's overlay and breadbar's embedded capsule, both keyed
+    /// under [`crate::LAUNCHER_APP`]), so a save failure here silently stops
+    /// ranking history for both.
+    pub fn save(&self) {
+        match serde_json::to_string(&self.counts) {
+            Ok(json) => {
+                if let Err(err) = fs::write(&self.path, json) {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "bread-launcher: failed to save launch history to {}: {err}",
+                        self.path.display()
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("bread-launcher: failed to serialize launch history: {err}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// In-memory history with no backing file — [`save`](Self::save) fails
+    /// (an empty `path` is not writable) and now logs that failure to
+    /// stderr rather than swallowing it, same as any other broken-path
+    /// case. Lets a test (or a future in-memory host) control counts
+    /// directly instead of writing through `~/.cache/<app>/history.json`.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn from_counts(counts: HashMap<String, u32>) -> Self {
+        LaunchHistory {
+            counts,
+            path: PathBuf::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn temp_history_path(name: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "bread-launcher-history-test-{}-{name}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        dir.join("history.json")
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn save_then_load_round_trips_counts() {
+        let path = temp_history_path("roundtrip");
+        let mut history = LaunchHistory {
+            counts: HashMap::new(),
+            path: path.clone(),
+        };
+        history.increment("firefox.desktop");
+        history.increment("firefox.desktop");
+        history.increment("kitty.desktop");
+        history.save();
+
+        let text = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).expect("save should have written the file");
+        let counts: HashMap<String, u32> = serde_json::from_str(&text).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(counts.get("firefox.desktop"), Some(&2));
+        assert_eq!(counts.get("kitty.desktop"), Some(&1));
+
+        // load() from the same path should see the same counts.
+        let reloaded = LaunchHistory {
+            counts: serde_json::from_str(&std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap()).unwrap(),
+            path: path.clone(),
+        };
+        assert_eq!(reloaded.count("firefox.desktop"), 2);
+
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(path.parent().unwrap());
+    }
+
+    /// `save()` on an unwritable path (e.g. the parent directory doesn't
+    /// exist, or `path` is empty) must not panic — it's best-effort, called
+    /// from a launcher's shutdown path where a hard failure would be worse
+    /// than a lost history entry. This exercises exactly the failure branch
+    /// the `eprintln!` above was added for; there is no return value to
+    /// assert on, so "did not panic" is the contract under test.
+    #[test]
+    fn save_to_a_broken_path_does_not_panic() {
+        let history = LaunchHistory::from_counts(HashMap::from([("x".to_string(), 1)]));
+        history.save();
+
+        let history = LaunchHistory {
+            counts: HashMap::new(),
+            path: PathBuf::from("/nonexistent-dir/definitely-not-there/history.json"),
+        };
+        history.save();
+    }
+}

bread-launcher/src/icon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use std::{fs, path::PathBuf};
+
+pub struct IconCache {
+    pub dir: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl IconCache {
+    /// `app` picks the cache subdirectory (see [`crate::cache_dir`]) — pass
+    /// the same name across a process's calls so `path_for` and
+    /// `manifest_path` agree on where icons live.
+    pub fn new(app: &str) -> Self {
+        IconCache { dir: crate::paths::cache_dir(app).join("icons") }
+    }
+
+    pub fn path_for(&self, icon_name: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        self.dir.join(format!("{}.png", icon_name))
+    }
+
+    pub fn manifest_path(app: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        crate::paths::cache_dir(app).join("manifest.json")
+    }
+
+    pub fn ensure_dir(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        fs::create_dir_all(&self.dir)
+    }
+}

bread-launcher/src/launch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use std::{
+    env,
+    path::Path,
+    process::{Command, Stdio},
+};
+
+use bread_utils::bread_client::BreadClient;
+
+use crate::desktop::DesktopEntry;
+
+fn pick_terminal() -> String {
+    if let Ok(t) = env::var("TERMINAL") {
+        if !t.is_empty() {
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+    let path_var = env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default();
+    for t in ["foot", "kitty", "alacritty", "wezterm", "ghostty", "xterm"] {
+        if path_var.split(':').any(|d| Path::new(d).join(t).exists()) {
+            return t.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+    "xterm".to_string()
+}
+
+/// Spawns `entry`'s command (through a terminal if `entry.terminal` is set)
+/// and, on a successful spawn, publishes `event` via [`emit_launched`].
+///
+/// `app_id` here is the caller's **bread event-namespace id** (e.g.
+/// `"box"` for breadbox) — NOT [`crate::LAUNCHER_APP`] (`"breadbox"`).
+/// Those are two different identities that happen to look similar:
+/// `LAUNCHER_APP` only picks the shared cache/history directory (see its own
+/// doc comment), while `app_id` here is threaded straight into
+/// `BreadClient::connect(app_id)` and must be the caller's own namespace, or
+/// `BreadClient::emit`'s `validate_app_namespace` check
+/// (`event.starts_with("bread.{app_id}.")`) rejects `event` and drops it
+/// with only an eprintln — passing `LAUNCHER_APP` here by mistake is exactly
+/// that bug. breadbox passes its own `"box"` (see breadbox's `APP_ID`) so
+/// its events publish as `bread.box.*`, matching [`emit_launched`]'s doc
+/// example below.
+pub fn do_launch(entry: &DesktopEntry, app_id: &str, event: &str) {
+    let cmd = entry.exec.trim();
+    let spawned = if entry.terminal {
+        let term = pick_terminal();
+        Command::new(&term)
+            .args(["-e", "bash", "-c", cmd])
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null())
+            .spawn()
+    } else {
+        Command::new("bash")
+            .args(["-c", cmd])
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::null())
+            .spawn()
+    };
+    if spawned.is_ok() {
+        emit_launched(entry, app_id, event);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Publishes `event` under `app_id`'s bread namespace after a successful
+/// spawn — e.g. breadbox calls this with `app_id = "box"` and
+/// `event = "bread.box.launched"`, its own namespace. Fire-and-forget and
+/// non-fatal (`BreadClient::emit` never blocks or errors this caller) —
+/// breadd being absent must never affect launching itself. `app_id` must be
+/// the caller's *own* namespace id, not [`crate::LAUNCHER_APP`] — see
+/// [`do_launch`]'s doc comment for why those are different identities and
+/// what happens if they're confused.
+pub fn emit_launched(entry: &DesktopEntry, app_id: &str, event: &str) {
+    let id = if entry.id.is_empty() {
+        entry.exec.as_str()
+    } else {
+        entry.id.as_str()
+    };
+    BreadClient::connect(app_id).emit(
+        event,
+        serde_json::json!({ "id": id, "name": entry.name }),
+    );
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Mirrors `bread_shared::apps::validate_app_namespace` exactly
+    /// (`event.starts_with(&format!("bread.{app}."))`) without pulling in
+    /// that crate here — this is the one check that decides whether
+    /// [`emit_launched`]'s event actually gets published.
+    fn passes_namespace_check(app_id: &str, event: &str) -> bool {
+        event.starts_with(&format!("bread.{app_id}."))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn documented_app_id_and_event_pair_passes_the_namespace_check() {
+        // breadbox's real call site (breadbox/breadbox/src/main.rs):
+        // APP_ID = "box", LAUNCHED_EVENT = "bread.box.launched".
+        assert!(
+            passes_namespace_check("box", "bread.box.launched"),
+            "do_launch/emit_launched's own doc example must actually pass \
+             BreadClient::emit's namespace check"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn launcher_app_is_not_a_valid_app_id_for_the_documented_event() {
+        // The historical bug this doc fix guards against: passing
+        // `LAUNCHER_APP` ("breadbox", the cache/history identity) as
+        // `app_id` instead of the caller's own namespace id ("box") would
+        // silently drop `bread.box.launched` — event.starts_with(
+        // "bread.breadbox.") is false for "bread.box.launched".
+        assert!(
+            !passes_namespace_check(crate::LAUNCHER_APP, "bread.box.launched"),
+            "LAUNCHER_APP must NOT satisfy the namespace check for the \
+             documented event — if this ever passes, do_launch's doc comment \
+             warning about confusing the two identities is wrong"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn emit_launched_does_not_panic_when_breadd_is_unreachable() {
+        // No daemon is running in a test environment — emit_launched (and
+        // the BreadClient::emit it wraps) must degrade silently rather than
+        // panicking or blocking, for both a valid and a namespace-violating
+        // app_id.
+        let entry = DesktopEntry {
+            id: "firefox.desktop".to_string(),
+            name: "Firefox".to_string(),
+            exec: "firefox".to_string(),
+            icon_name: String::new(),
+            icon_path: None,
+            categories: vec![],
+            wm_class: None,
+            terminal: false,
+        };
+        emit_launched(&entry, "box", "bread.box.launched");
+        emit_launched(&entry, crate::LAUNCHER_APP, "bread.box.launched");
+    }
+}

bread-launcher/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//! Headless app-launcher core — desktop-entry discovery, fuzzy matching and
+//! ranking, launch history, and process launching — plus an optional GTK4
+//! results-list widget behind the `gtk` feature.
+//!
+//! Lives in `bread-ecosystem`, not an app repo, so breadbar (which must not
+//! depend on an app repo) can embed the same launcher logic breadbox's
+//! overlay window already wraps: one implementation, two hosts
+//! (`THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md` §3, §7).
+//!
+//! Every path/cache/history entry point here takes an explicit `app: &str`
+//! rather than hardcoding an app name, so more than one host can use this
+//! crate without colliding — see [`cache_dir`]/[`config_dir`]. [`LAUNCHER_APP`]
+//! is the one identity every *launcher* host (as opposed to some unrelated
+//! future consumer of `cache_dir`/`config_dir`) should actually pass — see
+//! its own doc comment for why.
+
+mod desktop;
+mod history;
+mod icon;
+mod launch;
+mod matching;
+mod paths;
+mod query;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "gtk")]
+pub mod gtk;
+
+pub use desktop::{load_all_desktop_entries, parse_desktop, strip_exec_codes, DesktopEntry};
+pub use history::LaunchHistory;
+pub use icon::IconCache;
+pub use launch::{do_launch, emit_launched};
+pub use matching::{
+    fuzzy_matches, fuzzy_score, load_sorted_entries, matches_term, priority_rank, split_sections,
+};
+pub use paths::{app_dirs, cache_dir, config_dir, home_dir};
+pub use query::{builtin_commands, eval_calc, filter_commands, parse_query, Command, ParsedQuery, QueryKind};
+
+/// The launcher's one shared identity, passed to [`cache_dir`]/[`config_dir`]/
+/// [`IconCache::new`]/[`LaunchHistory::load`] by every host that embeds this
+/// crate — breadbox's overlay window AND breadbar's embedded capsule
+/// (theme 04/spotlight) alike.
+///
+/// This is deliberate, not a leftover of breadbox being first: theme 04's
+/// whole premise is that breadbar's capsule IS the launcher wearing a
+/// different shell, not a second launcher with its own history
+/// (`THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md` §7). If each host passed its own binary name here,
+/// the same physical launcher would rank a user's apps differently
+/// depending on which theme happened to be active — the icon cache and
+/// "most launched" ordering would silently fork in two. Sharing this
+/// constant is what keeps them one launcher.
+///
+/// Do not pass a bare `"breadbox"` string literal at a call site instead of
+/// this constant — that reads exactly like an unfixed bug (breadbar naming
+/// another app's identity) and invites a later "fix" that would quietly
+/// break the shared history this constant exists to guarantee.
+///
+/// **Not** the `app_id` for [`do_launch`]/[`emit_launched`]: those publish
+/// bread-bus events, which must be namespaced under the caller's *own*
+/// identity (breadbox's is `"box"`, not `"breadbox"`) or
+/// `BreadClient::emit`'s namespace check silently drops them. This constant
+/// is scoped to the cache/history path family only — see [`do_launch`]'s
+/// doc comment for the concrete failure mode if the two get swapped.
+pub const LAUNCHER_APP: &str = "breadbox";

bread-launcher/src/matching.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, path::PathBuf};
+
+use crate::desktop::{load_all_desktop_entries, DesktopEntry};
+use crate::history::LaunchHistory;
+
+// ---- Fuzzy matching (query filter) ------------------------------------------
+
+/// Subsequence match used to *filter* rows as the user types: every char of
+/// `pattern`, in order, must appear somewhere in `text` (case-insensitive).
+/// Looser than [`fuzzy_score`], which ranks the rows that pass this filter.
+pub fn fuzzy_matches(pattern: &str, text: &str) -> bool {
+    if pattern.is_empty() {
+        return true;
+    }
+    let mut chars = text.chars();
+    for pc in pattern.chars() {
+        let pl = pc.to_lowercase().next().unwrap_or(pc);
+        if !chars
+            .by_ref()
+            .any(|tc| tc.to_lowercase().next().unwrap_or(tc) == pl)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// Ranks how well `query` matches `entry` — lower is better. Exact match (by
+/// name or `wm_class`) sorts first, then name-prefix, then name-contains,
+/// then `wm_class`-prefix/contains, then everything else that still passed
+/// [`fuzzy_matches`] (a subsequence match with no stronger relationship).
+pub fn fuzzy_score(query: &str, entry: &DesktopEntry) -> u32 {
+    let q = query.to_lowercase();
+    let name = entry.name.to_lowercase();
+    let wm = entry.wm_class.as_deref().unwrap_or("").to_lowercase();
+    if name == q || wm == q {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if name.starts_with(&q) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if name.contains(&q) {
+        return 2;
+    }
+    if wm.starts_with(&q) || wm.contains(&q) {
+        return 3;
+    }
+    4 // subsequence match
+}
+
+// ---- Priority ranking (empty-query ordering) --------------------------------
+
+/// Whole-word / exact match of `term` within `field` (both lowercase). Avoids
+/// "code" matching "vscodium" while still matching "Code", "code-oss", and
+/// "Visual Studio Code".
+pub fn matches_term(field: &str, term: &str) -> bool {
+    if term.is_empty() || field.is_empty() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if field == term {
+        return true;
+    }
+    let bytes = field.as_bytes();
+    let tlen = term.len();
+    let mut start = 0;
+    while let Some(pos) = field[start..].find(term) {
+        let i = start + pos;
+        let before_ok = i == 0 || !bytes[i - 1].is_ascii_alphanumeric();
+        let after = i + tlen;
+        let after_ok = after >= bytes.len() || !bytes[after].is_ascii_alphanumeric();
+        if before_ok && after_ok {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Advance past the WHOLE match, not one byte past its start. Both `i`
+        // (a match start) and `i + tlen` (its end) are guaranteed char
+        // boundaries; `i + 1` is not, so a multi-byte term that failed the
+        // word-boundary check left `start` inside a character and the next
+        // `field[start..]` slice panicked outright. `matches_term("café", "é")`
+        // reproduced it: "byte index 4 is not a char boundary". Reached via
+        // priority_rank over real .desktop `Name=` values, so any non-ASCII
+        // app name could crash the launcher's sort.
+        start = i + tlen;
+        if start >= field.len() {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+/// Position of `entry` in the (already-lowercased) `priority` list, matched
+/// against either its name or `wm_class`. `None` if `entry` isn't named
+/// there at all.
+pub fn priority_rank(entry: &DesktopEntry, priority_lower: &[String]) -> Option<usize> {
+    let name_l = entry.name.to_lowercase();
+    let wm_l = entry.wm_class.as_deref().unwrap_or("").to_lowercase();
+    priority_lower
+        .iter()
+        .position(|p| matches_term(&name_l, p) || matches_term(&wm_l, p))
+}
+
+/// Loads every known desktop entry, resolves each one's icon path from
+/// `manifest`, and sorts them: entries named in `priority` come first (in
+/// that order), then everything else by most-launched (via `history`), then
+/// alphabetically.
+pub fn load_sorted_entries(
+    manifest: &HashMap<String, PathBuf>,
+    priority: &[String],
+    history: &LaunchHistory,
+) -> Vec<DesktopEntry> {
+    let mut entries = load_all_desktop_entries();
+
+    // Populate icon_path from manifest
+    for entry in &mut entries {
+        if let Some(path) = manifest.get(&entry.icon_name) {
+            if path.exists() {
+                entry.icon_path = Some(path.clone());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let priority_lower: Vec<String> = priority.iter().map(|s| s.to_lowercase()).collect();
+
+    entries.sort_by(|a, b| {
+        let ai = priority_rank(a, &priority_lower);
+        let bi = priority_rank(b, &priority_lower);
+        match (ai, bi) {
+            (Some(i), Some(j)) => i.cmp(&j),
+            (Some(_), None) => std::cmp::Ordering::Less,
+            (None, Some(_)) => std::cmp::Ordering::Greater,
+            (None, None) => {
+                // Most-launched first, then alphabetical
+                history
+                    .count(&b.name)
+                    .cmp(&history.count(&a.name))
+                    .then(a.name.to_lowercase().cmp(&b.name.to_lowercase()))
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    entries
+}
+
+/// The demo's own cap (`BOS.pushRecent`'s `.slice(0, 4)`) on how many
+/// entries the "Recent" section shows.
+pub const MAX_RECENT: usize = 4;
+
+/// Splits `entries` (already ordered by [`load_sorted_entries`]) into a
+/// "recent" section — the entries `history` has any launch count for, most-
+/// launched first, capped at [`MAX_RECENT`] — and an "apps" section: every
+/// other entry, in its existing relative order. No new tracking beyond
+/// `LaunchHistory`'s existing counts (THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md phase 6c task
+/// notes: "`LaunchHistory` already tracks counts for a recents list").
+///
+/// Only meaningful when `entries` has no priority-ranked prefix (breadbar's
+/// capsule calls [`load_sorted_entries`] with an empty `priority` list) —
+/// with a non-empty priority list, priority-ranked entries still sort first
+/// and would be treated as "apps" here even if launched often, since this
+/// function has no way to tell "sorted first because launched a lot" from
+/// "sorted first because priority-ranked" apart from the count itself.
+pub fn split_sections(
+    entries: Vec<DesktopEntry>,
+    history: &LaunchHistory,
+) -> (Vec<DesktopEntry>, Vec<DesktopEntry>) {
+    let mut recent = Vec::new();
+    let mut apps = Vec::new();
+    for entry in entries {
+        if recent.len() < MAX_RECENT && history.count(&entry.name) > 0 {
+            recent.push(entry);
+        } else {
+            apps.push(entry);
+        }
+    }
+    (recent, apps)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn multibyte_term_that_fails_word_boundary_does_not_panic() {
+        // "é" occurs in "café" but is preceded by an alphanumeric, so the
+        // whole-word check fails and the scan must continue — landing mid
+        // character before the fix.
+        assert!(!super::matches_term("café", "é"));
+        assert!(!super::matches_term("naïve café", "ï"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn multibyte_whole_word_still_matches() {
+        assert!(super::matches_term("café bar", "café"));
+        assert!(super::matches_term("día", "día"));
+    }
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn entry(name: &str, wm_class: Option<&str>) -> DesktopEntry {
+        DesktopEntry {
+            id: format!("{name}.desktop"),
+            name: name.to_string(),
+            exec: "true".to_string(),
+            icon_name: String::new(),
+            icon_path: None,
+            categories: Vec::new(),
+            wm_class: wm_class.map(|s| s.to_string()),
+            terminal: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- fuzzy_matches -------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_matches_empty_pattern_matches_anything() {
+        assert!(fuzzy_matches("", "Firefox"));
+        assert!(fuzzy_matches("", ""));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_matches_in_order_subsequence() {
+        assert!(fuzzy_matches("ffx", "Firefox"));
+        assert!(fuzzy_matches("frfx", "Firefox"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_matches_is_case_insensitive() {
+        assert!(fuzzy_matches("FIREFOX", "firefox"));
+        assert!(fuzzy_matches("firefox", "FireFox"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_matches_rejects_out_of_order() {
+        assert!(!fuzzy_matches("xfr", "Firefox"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_matches_rejects_missing_chars() {
+        assert!(!fuzzy_matches("firefoxx", "Firefox"));
+    }
+
+    // ---- fuzzy_score -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_score_exact_name_match_is_best() {
+        let e = entry("Firefox", None);
+        assert_eq!(fuzzy_score("firefox", &e), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_score_exact_wm_class_match_is_best() {
+        let e = entry("Firefox Web Browser", Some("firefox"));
+        assert_eq!(fuzzy_score("firefox", &e), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_score_name_prefix_beats_name_contains() {
+        let prefix = entry("Firefox", None);
+        let contains = entry("GNU IceCat (Firefox fork)", None);
+        assert_eq!(fuzzy_score("fire", &prefix), 1);
+        assert_eq!(fuzzy_score("fire", &contains), 2);
+        assert!(fuzzy_score("fire", &prefix) < fuzzy_score("fire", &contains));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fuzzy_score_wm_class_beats_pure_subsequence() {
+        let wm_hit = entry("Web Browser", Some("firefox"));
+        let subseq_only = entry("Fine Iris Reflex Editor for XML", None);
+        assert_eq!(fuzzy_score("fire", &wm_hit), 3);
+        assert_eq!(fuzzy_score("fire", &subseq_only), 4);
+    }
+
+    // ---- matches_term ------------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_term_exact_field_matches() {
+        assert!(matches_term("code", "code"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_term_whole_word_within_longer_field() {
+        assert!(matches_term("visual studio code", "code"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_term_rejects_substring_of_a_larger_word() {
+        // "code" must not match inside "vscodium" — this is the whole
+        // reason matches_term exists instead of a plain `contains`.
+        assert!(!matches_term("vscodium", "code"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_term_matches_hyphenated_variant() {
+        assert!(matches_term("code-oss", "code"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_term_empty_term_or_field_never_matches() {
+        assert!(!matches_term("code", ""));
+        assert!(!matches_term("", "code"));
+    }
+
+    // ---- priority_rank -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn priority_rank_matches_by_name() {
+        let e = entry("Firefox", None);
+        let priority = vec!["firefox".to_string(), "code".to_string()];
+        assert_eq!(priority_rank(&e, &priority), Some(0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn priority_rank_matches_by_wm_class() {
+        let e = entry("Web Browser", Some("firefox"));
+        let priority = vec!["code".to_string(), "firefox".to_string()];
+        assert_eq!(priority_rank(&e, &priority), Some(1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn priority_rank_none_when_unlisted() {
+        let e = entry("Nautilus", None);
+        let priority = vec!["firefox".to_string()];
+        assert_eq!(priority_rank(&e, &priority), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn priority_rank_does_not_match_substring_of_a_word() {
+        let e = entry("VSCodium", None);
+        let priority = vec!["code".to_string()];
+        assert_eq!(priority_rank(&e, &priority), None);
+    }
+
+    // ---- split_sections --------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split_sections_no_history_is_all_apps() {
+        let entries = vec![entry("Firefox", None), entry("GoLand", None)];
+        let history = LaunchHistory::from_counts(HashMap::new());
+        let (recent, apps) = split_sections(entries, &history);
+        assert!(recent.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(apps.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split_sections_launched_entries_go_to_recent() {
+        let entries = vec![
+            entry("Firefox", None),
+            entry("GoLand", None),
+            entry("Steam", None),
+        ];
+        let mut counts = HashMap::new();
+        counts.insert("Firefox".to_string(), 5);
+        let history = LaunchHistory::from_counts(counts);
+        let (recent, apps) = split_sections(entries, &history);
+        assert_eq!(recent.iter().map(|e| &e.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec!["Firefox"]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            apps.iter().map(|e| &e.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            vec!["GoLand", "Steam"]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split_sections_caps_recent_at_max() {
+        let entries: Vec<DesktopEntry> = (0..(MAX_RECENT + 2))
+            .map(|i| entry(&format!("App{i}"), None))
+            .collect();
+        let counts = entries
+            .iter()
+            .map(|e| (e.name.clone(), 1))
+            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+        let history = LaunchHistory::from_counts(counts);
+        let (recent, apps) = split_sections(entries, &history);
+        assert_eq!(recent.len(), MAX_RECENT);
+        assert_eq!(apps.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn split_sections_preserves_relative_order_within_each_group() {
+        let mut counts = HashMap::new();
+        counts.insert("A".to_string(), 1);
+        counts.insert("C".to_string(), 3);
+        let history = LaunchHistory::from_counts(counts);
+        // load_sorted_entries would already have ordered these by count
+        // desc before calling split_sections; split_sections itself just
+        // partitions in whatever order it's handed, so feed it pre-sorted.
+        let pre_sorted = vec![entry("C", None), entry("A", None), entry("B", None)];
+        let (recent, apps) = split_sections(pre_sorted, &history);
+        assert_eq!(recent.iter().map(|e| &e.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec!["C", "A"]);
+        assert_eq!(apps.iter().map(|e| &e.name).collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec!["B"]);
+    }
+}

bread-launcher/src/paths.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use std::{env, path::PathBuf};
+
+// ---- XDG path helpers -------------------------------------------------------
+
+pub fn home_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    PathBuf::from(env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_else(|_| "/tmp".into()))
+}
+
+/// `$XDG_CACHE_HOME/<app>` (or `~/.cache/<app>`). `app` is the caller's own
+/// name in this scheme — e.g. breadbox passes `"breadbox"` to keep using the
+/// on-disk layout it always has; a future host picks its own.
+pub fn cache_dir(app: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    env::var("XDG_CACHE_HOME")
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| home_dir().join(".cache"))
+        .join(app)
+}
+
+/// `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/<app>` (or `~/.config/<app>`). See [`cache_dir`].
+pub fn config_dir(app: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    env::var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME")
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| home_dir().join(".config"))
+        .join(app)
+}
+
+/// The `applications/` directories a `.desktop` file may live in, per the
+/// XDG base-directory spec (system-wide first, user-local last so later
+/// entries can override earlier ones on lookup by filename).
+pub fn app_dirs() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    let home = home_dir();
+    let mut dirs = vec![PathBuf::from("/usr/share/applications")];
+
+    let xdg_data_dirs =
+        env::var("XDG_DATA_DIRS").unwrap_or_else(|_| "/usr/local/share:/usr/share".into());
+    for d in xdg_data_dirs.split(':') {
+        let p = PathBuf::from(d).join("applications");
+        if p != dirs[0] {
+            dirs.push(p);
+        }
+    }
+
+    dirs.push(
+        env::var("XDG_DATA_HOME")
+            .map(PathBuf::from)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| home.join(".local/share"))
+            .join("applications"),
+    );
+    dirs
+}

bread-launcher/src/query.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+//! Query modes (`04-spotlight.html`'s `BOS.parseQuery`/`BOS.evalCalc`/
+//! `BOS.COMMANDS`, THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md phase 6c): a leading `=`/`>`/`.`
+//! switches the launcher from filtering apps to evaluating an arithmetic
+//! expression, listing bread commands, or treating the rest of the query as
+//! a URL to open. Pure/headless — no GTK here — so both breadbar's embedded
+//! capsule and (per the module doc comment on `crate`) breadbox's own
+//! overlay window can adopt the same parsing/eval/filter logic. A host is
+//! expected to gate which prefixes it actually acts on against its theme's
+//! `[launcher].modes` list — this module recognizes all four kinds
+//! unconditionally and leaves that gating to the caller.
+
+use crate::matching::fuzzy_matches;
+
+/// Which of the four query modes a raw entry-text string names, per its
+/// leading character (mirrors `BOS.parseQuery`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum QueryKind {
+    /// No recognized prefix — the ordinary app-filter query.
+    Apps,
+    /// Leading `=` — the rest is an arithmetic expression for [`eval_calc`].
+    Calc,
+    /// Leading `>` — the rest filters [`builtin_commands`].
+    Cmd,
+    /// Leading `.` — the rest is a URL to open.
+    Url,
+}
+
+/// A parsed query: which mode it names, and the text after the prefix
+/// character (empty string for a bare `=`/`>`/`.` with nothing typed yet).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ParsedQuery {
+    pub kind: QueryKind,
+    pub value: String,
+}
+
+/// Splits `raw` on its leading mode character, if any. Mirrors
+/// `BOS.parseQuery` exactly: only the FIRST character is checked, and it is
+/// stripped along with any immediately-following whitespace.
+pub fn parse_query(raw: &str) -> ParsedQuery {
+    let (kind, rest) = if let Some(rest) = raw.strip_prefix('=') {
+        (QueryKind::Calc, rest)
+    } else if let Some(rest) = raw.strip_prefix('>') {
+        (QueryKind::Cmd, rest)
+    } else if let Some(rest) = raw.strip_prefix('.') {
+        (QueryKind::Url, rest)
+    } else {
+        (QueryKind::Apps, raw)
+    };
+    ParsedQuery {
+        kind,
+        value: rest.trim().to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+// ---- Calc ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Evaluates `expr` as a small four-function arithmetic expression
+/// (`+ - * / ( )`, decimal literals, unary minus) and formats the result
+/// the same way `BOS.evalCalc` does: rounded to 8 decimal places, an
+/// integer result prints with no trailing `.0`, a non-finite result prints
+/// "∞", an expression containing anything outside `[0-9.\s+\-*/()]`
+/// returns "bad expr", and anything else that fails to parse or evaluate
+/// (unbalanced parens, division producing NaN, trailing garbage) returns
+/// "err". `None` only for an empty/whitespace-only expression — the
+/// caller's "nothing typed after `=` yet" case, which has no result to
+/// show at all (the demo's own `if (!expr) return null;`).
+pub fn eval_calc(expr: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let expr = expr.trim();
+    if expr.is_empty() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    if !expr.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || " .+-*/()".contains(c)) {
+        return Some("bad expr".to_string());
+    }
+    let mut p = CalcParser {
+        bytes: expr.as_bytes(),
+        pos: 0,
+    };
+    let result = p.parse_expr().filter(|_| p.skip_ws() == p.bytes.len());
+    Some(match result {
+        Some(n) if !n.is_finite() => "∞".to_string(),
+        Some(n) => format_calc_result(n),
+        None => "err".to_string(),
+    })
+}
+
+/// Rounds to 8 decimal places and formats without a trailing `.0` for whole
+/// numbers — `String(Math.round(n * 1e8) / 1e8)` in JS, `{}` on `f64`
+/// already behaves the same way in Rust (`format!("{}", 4.0_f64)` == "4").
+fn format_calc_result(n: f64) -> String {
+    let rounded = (n * 1e8).round() / 1e8;
+    // Avoid printing "-0" for a result that rounds to negative zero.
+    let rounded = if rounded == 0.0 { 0.0 } else { rounded };
+    format!("{rounded}")
+}
+
+/// Minimal recursive-descent parser: `expr := term (('+'|'-') term)*`,
+/// `term := factor (('*'|'/') factor)*`, `factor := '-' factor | number |
+/// '(' expr ')'`. Byte-indexed since the character set is already
+/// restricted to ASCII by [`eval_calc`]'s pre-check.
+struct CalcParser<'a> {
+    bytes: &'a [u8],
+    pos: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'a> CalcParser<'a> {
+    fn skip_ws(&mut self) -> usize {
+        while self.pos < self.bytes.len() && self.bytes[self.pos] == b' ' {
+            self.pos += 1;
+        }
+        self.pos
+    }
+
+    fn peek(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.skip_ws();
+        self.bytes.get(self.pos).copied()
+    }
+
+    fn parse_expr(&mut self) -> Option<f64> {
+        let mut val = self.parse_term()?;
+        loop {
+            match self.peek() {
+                Some(b'+') => {
+                    self.pos += 1;
+                    val += self.parse_term()?;
+                }
+                Some(b'-') => {
+                    self.pos += 1;
+                    val -= self.parse_term()?;
+                }
+                _ => break,
+            }
+        }
+        Some(val)
+    }
+
+    fn parse_term(&mut self) -> Option<f64> {
+        let mut val = self.parse_factor()?;
+        loop {
+            match self.peek() {
+                Some(b'*') => {
+                    self.pos += 1;
+                    val *= self.parse_factor()?;
+                }
+                Some(b'/') => {
+                    self.pos += 1;
+                    val /= self.parse_factor()?;
+                }
+                _ => break,
+            }
+        }
+        Some(val)
+    }
+
+    fn parse_factor(&mut self) -> Option<f64> {
+        match self.peek()? {
+            b'-' => {
+                self.pos += 1;
+                Some(-self.parse_factor()?)
+            }
+            b'+' => {
+                self.pos += 1;
+                self.parse_factor()
+            }
+            b'(' => {
+                self.pos += 1;
+                let val = self.parse_expr()?;
+                if self.peek() == Some(b')') {
+                    self.pos += 1;
+                    Some(val)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            c if c.is_ascii_digit() || c == b'.' => self.parse_number(),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Option<f64> {
+        self.skip_ws();
+        let start = self.pos;
+        let mut seen_dot = false;
+        let mut seen_digit = false;
+        while let Some(&c) = self.bytes.get(self.pos) {
+            if c.is_ascii_digit() {
+                seen_digit = true;
+                self.pos += 1;
+            } else if c == b'.' && !seen_dot {
+                seen_dot = true;
+                self.pos += 1;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if !seen_digit {
+            return None;
+        }
+        std::str::from_utf8(&self.bytes[start..self.pos])
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|s| s.parse::<f64>().ok())
+    }
+}
+
+// ---- Commands -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// One `>`-mode command palette entry: a display `name` and the shell
+/// command it runs (via `bash -c`, same spawn convention [`crate::do_launch`]
+/// already uses for a desktop entry's `Exec=` line).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Command {
+    pub id: &'static str,
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    pub exec: &'static str,
+}
+
+/// A small, real bread-ecosystem command palette — deliberately not the
+/// demo's placeholder set (`Lock session`/`Open settings`/`Test
+/// notification` map to nothing real in this codebase). `loginctl
+/// lock-session` and `bread reload` are both already-documented, safe,
+/// no-argument commands (see the bread CLI reference / systemd-logind).
+pub fn builtin_commands() -> &'static [Command] {
+    &[
+        Command {
+            id: "lock",
+            name: "Lock session",
+            exec: "loginctl lock-session",
+        },
+        Command {
+            id: "reload-breadd",
+            name: "Reload breadd",
+            exec: "bread reload",
+        },
+    ]
+}
+
+/// Fuzzy-filters `commands` by `query` against each command's `name` (same
+/// subsequence match [`crate::fuzzy_matches`] uses for app rows) — an empty
+/// query matches everything, same as the app list's own empty-query case.
+pub fn filter_commands(query: &str, commands: &[Command]) -> Vec<Command> {
+    commands
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|c| fuzzy_matches(query, c.name))
+        .cloned()
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    // ---- parse_query -------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_bare_text_is_apps() {
+        let p = parse_query("firefox");
+        assert_eq!(p.kind, QueryKind::Apps);
+        assert_eq!(p.value, "firefox");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_empty_is_apps() {
+        let p = parse_query("");
+        assert_eq!(p.kind, QueryKind::Apps);
+        assert_eq!(p.value, "");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_equals_is_calc() {
+        let p = parse_query("=2+2");
+        assert_eq!(p.kind, QueryKind::Calc);
+        assert_eq!(p.value, "2+2");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_gt_is_cmd() {
+        let p = parse_query(">lock");
+        assert_eq!(p.kind, QueryKind::Cmd);
+        assert_eq!(p.value, "lock");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_dot_is_url() {
+        let p = parse_query(".breadway.dev");
+        assert_eq!(p.kind, QueryKind::Url);
+        assert_eq!(p.value, "breadway.dev");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_strips_leading_whitespace_after_prefix() {
+        let p = parse_query("=  2 + 2  ");
+        assert_eq!(p.kind, QueryKind::Calc);
+        assert_eq!(p.value, "2 + 2");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_query_bare_prefix_has_empty_value() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_query("=").value, "");
+        assert_eq!(parse_query(">").value, "");
+        assert_eq!(parse_query(".").value, "");
+    }
+
+    // ---- eval_calc -----------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_empty_expr_is_none() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc(""), None);
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("   "), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_simple_addition() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("2+2"), Some("4".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_precedence() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("2+3*4"), Some("14".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_parens() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("(2+3)*4"), Some("20".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_unary_minus() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("-5+2"), Some("-3".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_decimals_round_to_8_places() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("0.1+0.2"), Some("0.3".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_division_by_zero_is_infinity_symbol() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("1/0"), Some("∞".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_bad_chars_is_bad_expr() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("2+alert(1)"), Some("bad expr".to_string()));
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("rm -rf /"), Some("bad expr".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_unbalanced_parens_is_err() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("(2+3"), Some("err".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_trailing_garbage_is_err() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("2+3)"), Some("err".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_double_operator_is_err() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc("2++"), Some("err".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn eval_calc_whitespace_is_tolerated() {
+        assert_eq!(eval_calc(" 2  +  2 "), Some("4".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    // ---- commands --------------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn builtin_commands_are_non_empty() {
+        assert!(!builtin_commands().is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn filter_commands_empty_query_matches_all() {
+        let all = builtin_commands();
+        assert_eq!(filter_commands("", all).len(), all.len());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn filter_commands_filters_by_name_subsequence() {
+        let matches = filter_commands("lock", builtin_commands());
+        assert!(matches.iter().any(|c| c.id == "lock"));
+        assert!(!matches.iter().any(|c| c.id == "reload-breadd"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn filter_commands_no_match_is_empty() {
+        assert!(filter_commands("zzzznotacommand", builtin_commands()).is_empty());
+    }
+}

bread-onnx/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,3 +32,12 @@ anyhow = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile = "3"
+# Dev-dependency features unify into this crate's own test/bench builds
+# only, never into downstream consumers (they aren't part of the dependency
+# graph a consuming app resolves) — so this doesn't compromise the
+# consumer-chooses-the-backend policy above. Without it, `cargo test` here
+# fails at link time (undefined OrtGetApiBase) because nothing in this
+# workspace supplies a backend; none of bread-onnx's own unit tests open a
+# real ONNX session, so `load-dynamic` (dlopen at runtime, no static link)
+# is enough to satisfy the linker.
+ort = { version = "2.0.0-rc.12", default-features = false, features = ["std", "tracing", "load-dynamic", "api-24"] }

bread-polkit/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[package]
+name = "bread-polkit"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "Themed PolicyKit authentication agent for the bread desktop"
+repository = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem"
+keywords = ["polkit", "gtk4", "wayland"]
+
+[lib]
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "bread-polkit"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+bread-app = { path = "../bread-app", features = ["gtk"] }
+bread-theme = { path = "../bread-theme", features = ["gtk"] }
+gtk4 = { version = "0.11", features = ["v4_12"] }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt", "net", "sync", "time", "macros", "io-util", "process"] }
+tracing = { workspace = true }
+tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["fmt", "env-filter", "std"] }
+zbus = { version = "5", default-features = false, features = ["tokio"] }

bread-polkit/bakery.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+name = "bread-polkit"
+description = "Themed PolicyKit authentication agent for the bread desktop"
+binaries = ["bread-polkit"]
+system_deps = ["gtk4", "gtk4-layer-shell", "polkit"]
+optional_system_deps = ["hyprland"]
+bread_deps = []
+license_file = "LICENSE"
+desktop_file = "bread-polkit.desktop"
+
+[install]
+post_install = []

bread-polkit/contrib/bread-polkit.desktop

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=Bread PolicyKit Agent
+Comment=Themed PolicyKit authentication agent for the bread desktop
+Exec=bread-polkit
+Icon=dialog-password
+Terminal=false
+Categories=System;Security;
+StartupNotify=false
+X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=Initialization
+X-GNOME-AutoRestart=true
+X-GNOME-Autostart-Notify=false

bread-polkit/contrib/hyprland.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# bread-polkit — add to hyprland.conf
+#
+# Session authentication agent. Copy contrib/bread-polkit.desktop to
+# ~/.config/autostart/ instead if you prefer XDG autostart.
+
+exec-once = bread-polkit
+
+# Optional: blur the overlay panel (namespace is bread-polkit).
+layerrule = blur, bread-polkit
+layerrule = ignorezero, bread-polkit

bread-polkit/src/agent.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+//! Session-bus registration and the PolicyKit1 AuthenticationAgent.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use gtk4::glib;
+use gtk4::prelude::*;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use tokio::sync::{mpsc, Mutex};
+use zbus::zvariant::{OwnedValue, Type, Value};
+use zbus::{connection, interface, proxy, DBusError};
+
+use bread_polkit::helper::{discover_transport, Transport};
+use bread_polkit::identity::{current_uid, pick_user, read_passwd, users_from_uids, UnixUser};
+use bread_polkit::session::session_id;
+
+use crate::auth::{self, Outcome};
+use crate::ui::{self, Prompt};
+
+pub const OBJECT_PATH: &str = "/com/breadway/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent";
+
+/// Reply from the GTK prompt.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum UserAction {
+    Submit { username: String, password: String },
+    Cancel,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, DBusError)]
+#[zbus(prefix = "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error")]
+enum AgentError {
+    #[zbus(error)]
+    ZBus(zbus::Error),
+    Failed(String),
+    Cancelled(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize, Type)]
+struct Identity {
+    kind: String,
+    details: HashMap<String, OwnedValue>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize, Serialize, Type)]
+struct Subject {
+    kind: String,
+    details: HashMap<String, OwnedValue>,
+}
+
+#[proxy(
+    interface = "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority",
+    default_service = "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1",
+    default_path = "/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority"
+)]
+trait Authority {
+    fn register_authentication_agent(
+        &self,
+        subject: &Subject,
+        locale: &str,
+        object_path: &str,
+    ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
+
+    fn unregister_authentication_agent(
+        &self,
+        subject: &Subject,
+        object_path: &str,
+    ) -> zbus::Result<()>;
+}
+
+struct Agent {
+    transport: Transport,
+    pending: Arc<Mutex<Option<mpsc::Sender<UserAction>>>>,
+}
+
+#[interface(name = "org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.AuthenticationAgent")]
+impl Agent {
+    async fn begin_authentication(
+        &mut self,
+        action_id: String,
+        message: String,
+        _icon_name: String,
+        _details: HashMap<String, String>,
+        cookie: String,
+        identities: Vec<Identity>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AgentError> {
+        tracing::info!(%action_id, %cookie, "BeginAuthentication");
+
+        let users = unix_users(&identities);
+        let username = pick_user(&users, current_uid())
+            .map(|u| u.name.clone())
+            .ok_or_else(|| AgentError::Failed("no unix-user identity".into()))?;
+        let allowed_users: Vec<String> = users.iter().map(|u| u.name.clone()).collect();
+
+        let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(4);
+        *self.pending.lock().await = Some(tx.clone());
+
+        let prompt = Prompt {
+            cookie: cookie.clone(),
+            message: message.clone(),
+            action_id: action_id.clone(),
+            username: username.clone(),
+            reply: tx,
+        };
+        invoke_ui(move || {
+            if let Some(app) = running_app() {
+                ui::show_prompt(&app, prompt);
+            }
+        });
+
+        let result = self.drive_prompt(&cookie, &username, &allowed_users, &mut rx).await;
+
+        *self.pending.lock().await = None;
+        let cookie_close = cookie.clone();
+        invoke_ui(move || ui::close_prompt(&cookie_close));
+        result
+    }
+
+    async fn cancel_authentication(&self, cookie: String) {
+        tracing::info!(%cookie, "CancelAuthentication");
+        if let Some(tx) = self.pending.lock().await.as_ref() {
+            let _ = tx.try_send(UserAction::Cancel);
+        }
+        invoke_ui(move || ui::close_prompt(&cookie));
+    }
+}
+
+impl Agent {
+    async fn drive_prompt(
+        &self,
+        cookie: &str,
+        default_user: &str,
+        allowed_users: &[String],
+        rx: &mut mpsc::Receiver<UserAction>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AgentError> {
+        loop {
+            match rx.recv().await {
+                None => {
+                    return Err(AgentError::Cancelled("authentication prompt closed".into()));
+                }
+                Some(UserAction::Cancel) => {
+                    return Err(AgentError::Cancelled("user cancelled".into()));
+                }
+                Some(UserAction::Submit { username, password }) => {
+                    // The username field is user-editable; only accept it when
+                    // it's one of the identities polkit offered (empty falls
+                    // back to the prefilled user). Anything else is rejected
+                    // and the prompt re-shown rather than starting a PAM
+                    // conversation for an account the request never offered.
+                    let Some(user) = resolve_user(default_user, allowed_users, &username) else {
+                        let cookie = cookie.to_string();
+                        invoke_ui(move || ui::show_retry(&cookie, INVALID_USER_MESSAGE));
+                        continue;
+                    };
+                    match auth::authenticate(&self.transport, &user, cookie, &password).await {
+                        Ok(Outcome::Success) => return Ok(()),
+                        Ok(Outcome::Failure { message }) => {
+                            let text = message
+                                .unwrap_or_else(|| auth::default_failure_message().to_string());
+                            let cookie = cookie.to_string();
+                            invoke_ui(move || ui::show_retry(&cookie, &text));
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            tracing::warn!("helper: {e:#}");
+                            let text = e.to_string();
+                            let cookie = cookie.to_string();
+                            invoke_ui(move || ui::show_retry(&cookie, &text));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const INVALID_USER_MESSAGE: &str =
+    "That user is not one of the identities this request offered — use the prefilled user.";
+
+/// Choose the username to authenticate as from the prompt input.
+///
+/// Empty input falls back to `default`. Non-empty input must be one of
+/// `allowed` — the `unix-user` identities polkit actually offered in
+/// `BeginAuthentication` — otherwise it returns `None`. Without this, a
+/// request scoped to specific accounts (say, `root` only) could have its
+/// editable username field redirected to an arbitrary local user, kicking
+/// off a PAM conversation for an account the request never offered.
+/// (`auth::authenticate`'s PAM result still has to clear polkit's own
+/// authorization, but this closes the obvious foot-gun at the agent — the
+/// one place the identity list is actually known.)
+fn resolve_user(default: &str, allowed: &[String], input: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    if input.is_empty() {
+        return Some(default.to_string());
+    }
+    if allowed.iter().any(|u| u.as_str() == input) {
+        return Some(input.to_string());
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn unix_users(identities: &[Identity]) -> Vec<UnixUser> {
+    let mut uids = Vec::new();
+    for identity in identities {
+        if identity.kind != "unix-user" {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some(uid) = uid_from_details(&identity.details) {
+            uids.push(uid);
+        }
+    }
+    users_from_uids(&uids, &read_passwd())
+}
+
+fn uid_from_details(details: &HashMap<String, OwnedValue>) -> Option<u32> {
+    let value = details.get("uid")?;
+    u32::try_from(value).ok().or_else(|| {
+        i32::try_from(value)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|n| u32::try_from(n).ok())
+    })
+}
+
+fn running_app() -> Option<gtk4::Application> {
+    gtk4::gio::Application::default().and_then(|app| app.downcast::<gtk4::Application>().ok())
+}
+
+/// GTK thread-default context, captured in [`spawn`] so the dbus thread
+/// can `invoke` onto the UI thread instead of its own empty context.
+static GTK_CTX: OnceLock<glib::MainContext> = OnceLock::new();
+
+fn invoke_ui(f: impl FnOnce() + Send + 'static) {
+    let ctx = GTK_CTX
+        .get()
+        .cloned()
+        .unwrap_or_else(glib::MainContext::default);
+    ctx.invoke(f);
+}
+
+fn unix_session_subject(id: &str) -> Result<Subject> {
+    let value = Value::from(id.to_string());
+    let owned = OwnedValue::try_from(value).context("session-id variant")?;
+    let mut details = HashMap::new();
+    details.insert("session-id".into(), owned);
+    Ok(Subject {
+        kind: "unix-session".into(),
+        details,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Spawn the system-bus agent on a background thread. Returns once the
+/// thread has been started; registration errors quit the GTK app.
+///
+/// Must be called from the GTK thread so the main context we capture is
+/// the one driving the password prompt.
+pub fn spawn() -> Result<()> {
+    let _ = GTK_CTX.set(glib::MainContext::default());
+    std::thread::Builder::new()
+        .name("bread-polkit-dbus".into())
+        .spawn(move || {
+            let rt = match tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+                .enable_all()
+                .build()
+            {
+                Ok(rt) => rt,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    invoke_ui(move || {
+                        eprintln!("bread-polkit: tokio runtime failed: {e}");
+                        if let Some(app) = running_app() {
+                            app.quit();
+                        }
+                    });
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+            rt.block_on(async move {
+                if let Err(e) = run().await {
+                    eprintln!("bread-polkit: {e:#}");
+                    invoke_ui(|| {
+                        if let Some(app) = running_app() {
+                            app.quit();
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+            });
+        })
+        .context("spawn dbus thread")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn run() -> Result<()> {
+    let transport = discover_transport().context(
+        "no polkit helper: expected /run/polkit/agent-helper.socket \
+         or /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1",
+    )?;
+    tracing::info!(?transport, "using polkit helper");
+
+    let session = session_id().context(
+        "no session id (XDG_SESSION_ID / /proc/self/sessionid); \
+         cannot register a session authentication agent",
+    )?;
+    let subject = unix_session_subject(&session)?;
+    let locale = std::env::var("LANG").unwrap_or_else(|_| "C".into());
+
+    let agent = Agent {
+        transport,
+        pending: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+    };
+
+    let connection = connection::Builder::system()?
+        .serve_at(OBJECT_PATH, agent)?
+        .build()
+        .await
+        .context("system bus")?;
+
+    let authority = AuthorityProxy::new(&connection)
+        .await
+        .context("PolicyKit1 authority proxy")?;
+    authority
+        .register_authentication_agent(&subject, &locale, OBJECT_PATH)
+        .await
+        .context("RegisterAuthenticationAgent")?;
+    tracing::info!(%session, "registered as PolicyKit authentication agent");
+
+    std::future::pending::<()>().await;
+    #[allow(unreachable_code)]
+    {
+        let _ = authority
+            .unregister_authentication_agent(&subject, OBJECT_PATH)
+            .await;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn allowed() -> Vec<String> {
+        vec!["root".to_string(), "1000".to_string()]
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_user_falls_back_to_default_on_empty_input() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_user("root", &allowed(), ""),
+            Some("root".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_user_accepts_an_offered_identity() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            resolve_user("root", &allowed(), "1000"),
+            Some("1000".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_user_rejects_a_user_polkit_did_not_offer() {
+        assert_eq!(resolve_user("root", &allowed(), "alice"), None);
+        assert_eq!(resolve_user("root", &allowed(), "daemon"), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn resolve_user_is_case_exact() {
+        // Usernames are case-significant; "ROOT" is a different principle
+        // than the offered "root", so it must be rejected.
+        assert_eq!(resolve_user("root", &allowed(), "ROOT"), None);
+    }
+}
+

bread-polkit/src/auth.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+//! PAM conversation with the polkit agent helper.
+
+use std::process::Stdio;
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader};
+use tokio::net::UnixStream;
+use tokio::process::Command;
+
+use bread_polkit::helper::{parse_helper_line, HelperLine, Transport};
+
+/// Outcome of one helper conversation.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Outcome {
+    Success,
+    Failure { message: Option<String> },
+}
+
+/// Handshake + PAM loop for one password attempt.
+pub async fn authenticate(
+    transport: &Transport,
+    username: &str,
+    cookie: &str,
+    password: &str,
+) -> Result<Outcome> {
+    match transport {
+        Transport::Socket(path) => {
+            let mut stream = UnixStream::connect(path)
+                .await
+                .with_context(|| format!("connect {}", path.display()))?;
+            stream.write_all(username.as_bytes()).await?;
+            stream.write_all(b"\n").await?;
+            stream.write_all(cookie.as_bytes()).await?;
+            stream.write_all(b"\n").await?;
+            let (reader, writer) = stream.into_split();
+            converse(BufReader::new(reader), writer, password).await
+        }
+        Transport::Exec(path) => {
+            let mut child = Command::new(path)
+                .arg(username)
+                .env("LC_ALL", "C")
+                .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+                .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                .stderr(Stdio::null())
+                .spawn()
+                .with_context(|| format!("spawn {}", path.display()))?;
+            let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().context("polkit helper has no stdin")?;
+            let stdout = child.stdout.take().context("polkit helper has no stdout")?;
+            stdin.write_all(cookie.as_bytes()).await?;
+            stdin.write_all(b"\n").await?;
+            let outcome = converse(BufReader::new(stdout), stdin, password).await;
+            let _ = child.wait().await;
+            outcome
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn converse<R, W>(mut reader: BufReader<R>, mut writer: W, password: &str) -> Result<Outcome>
+where
+    R: tokio::io::AsyncRead + Unpin,
+    W: tokio::io::AsyncWrite + Unpin,
+{
+    let mut last_info: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut line = String::new();
+    loop {
+        line.clear();
+        let n = reader.read_line(&mut line).await?;
+        if n == 0 {
+            return Ok(Outcome::Failure {
+                message: last_info.take(),
+            });
+        }
+        match parse_helper_line(&line) {
+            HelperLine::PromptEchoOff(_) => {
+                writer.write_all(password.as_bytes()).await?;
+                writer.write_all(b"\n").await?;
+                writer.flush().await?;
+            }
+            HelperLine::PromptEchoOn(_) => {
+                // Visible prompt (username, etc.) — we already sent the
+                // identity in the handshake. An empty line is safer than
+                // echoing the password.
+                writer.write_all(b"\n").await?;
+                writer.flush().await?;
+            }
+            HelperLine::ErrorMsg(msg) | HelperLine::TextInfo(msg) => {
+                if !msg.is_empty() {
+                    last_info = Some(msg);
+                }
+            }
+            HelperLine::Success => return Ok(Outcome::Success),
+            HelperLine::Failure => {
+                return Ok(Outcome::Failure {
+                    message: last_info.take(),
+                });
+            }
+            HelperLine::Other(other) => {
+                if !other.is_empty() {
+                    tracing::debug!("helper: {other}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Shared default when the helper gives no `PAM_*` text on failure.
+pub fn default_failure_message() -> &'static str {
+    "Authentication failed. Try again."
+}

bread-polkit/src/helper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+//! `polkit-agent-helper-1` transport and PAM line parser.
+//!
+//! Arch polkit 127+ talks over `/run/polkit/agent-helper.socket`. Older
+//! builds still spawn the setuid helper at
+//! `/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1`. Prefer the socket when it
+//! exists.
+
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+/// How this agent will talk to polkit's helper.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Transport {
+    /// systemd socket-activated helper (polkit 127+).
+    Socket(PathBuf),
+    /// Legacy setuid helper binary.
+    Exec(PathBuf),
+}
+
+const SOCKET_CANDIDATES: &[&str] = &["/run/polkit/agent-helper.socket"];
+const HELPER_CANDIDATES: &[&str] = &[
+    "/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1",
+    "/usr/libexec/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1",
+];
+
+/// One stdout line from the helper after the cookie handshake.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum HelperLine {
+    PromptEchoOff(String),
+    PromptEchoOn(String),
+    ErrorMsg(String),
+    TextInfo(String),
+    Success,
+    Failure,
+    Other(String),
+}
+
+/// Pick a live transport: `BREAD_POLKIT_SOCKET` / `BREAD_POLKIT_HELPER`
+/// if set and present, otherwise the first existing well-known path.
+pub fn discover_transport() -> Option<Transport> {
+    discover_transport_from(
+        std::env::var_os("BREAD_POLKIT_SOCKET")
+            .map(PathBuf::from)
+            .as_deref(),
+        std::env::var_os("BREAD_POLKIT_HELPER")
+            .map(PathBuf::from)
+            .as_deref(),
+        SOCKET_CANDIDATES,
+        HELPER_CANDIDATES,
+        |p| p.exists(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Testable discovery: `exists` is injected so unit tests do not need a
+/// real `/run/polkit` socket.
+pub fn discover_transport_from(
+    socket_override: Option<&Path>,
+    helper_override: Option<&Path>,
+    sockets: &[&str],
+    helpers: &[&str],
+    exists: impl Fn(&Path) -> bool,
+) -> Option<Transport> {
+    if let Some(path) = socket_override {
+        if exists(path) {
+            return Some(Transport::Socket(path.to_path_buf()));
+        }
+    }
+    for candidate in sockets {
+        let path = Path::new(candidate);
+        if exists(path) {
+            return Some(Transport::Socket(path.to_path_buf()));
+        }
+    }
+    if let Some(path) = helper_override {
+        if exists(path) {
+            return Some(Transport::Exec(path.to_path_buf()));
+        }
+    }
+    for candidate in helpers {
+        let path = Path::new(candidate);
+        if exists(path) {
+            return Some(Transport::Exec(path.to_path_buf()));
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Parse one helper protocol line. Prefix match is case-sensitive and
+/// matches polkit's own `PAM_*` / `SUCCESS` / `FAILURE` tokens.
+pub fn parse_helper_line(line: &str) -> HelperLine {
+    let line = line.trim_end_matches(['\r', '\n']);
+    if line == "SUCCESS" || line.starts_with("SUCCESS") {
+        return HelperLine::Success;
+    }
+    if line == "FAILURE" || line.starts_with("FAILURE") {
+        return HelperLine::Failure;
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF") {
+        return HelperLine::PromptEchoOff(rest.trim().to_string());
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON") {
+        return HelperLine::PromptEchoOn(rest.trim().to_string());
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("PAM_ERROR_MSG") {
+        return HelperLine::ErrorMsg(rest.trim().to_string());
+    }
+    if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("PAM_TEXT_INFO") {
+        return HelperLine::TextInfo(rest.trim().to_string());
+    }
+    HelperLine::Other(line.to_string())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_helper_line_known_tokens() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_helper_line("SUCCESS"), HelperLine::Success);
+        assert_eq!(parse_helper_line("SUCCESS\n"), HelperLine::Success);
+        assert_eq!(parse_helper_line("FAILURE"), HelperLine::Failure);
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_helper_line("PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF Password:"),
+            HelperLine::PromptEchoOff("Password:".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_helper_line("PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF"),
+            HelperLine::PromptEchoOff(String::new())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_helper_line("PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON login:"),
+            HelperLine::PromptEchoOn("login:".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_helper_line("PAM_ERROR_MSG Authentication failure"),
+            HelperLine::ErrorMsg("Authentication failure".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_helper_line("PAM_TEXT_INFO Account locked"),
+            HelperLine::TextInfo("Account locked".into())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_helper_line("garbage"),
+            HelperLine::Other("garbage".into())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn discover_prefers_socket_over_exec() {
+        let present: HashSet<PathBuf> = [
+            "/run/polkit/agent-helper.socket",
+            "/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1",
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(PathBuf::from)
+        .collect();
+        let got = discover_transport_from(None, None, SOCKET_CANDIDATES, HELPER_CANDIDATES, |p| {
+            present.contains(p)
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            got,
+            Some(Transport::Socket(PathBuf::from(
+                "/run/polkit/agent-helper.socket"
+            )))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn discover_falls_back_to_helper_binary() {
+        let present: HashSet<PathBuf> = ["/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"]
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(PathBuf::from)
+            .collect();
+        let got = discover_transport_from(None, None, SOCKET_CANDIDATES, HELPER_CANDIDATES, |p| {
+            present.contains(p)
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            got,
+            Some(Transport::Exec(PathBuf::from(
+                "/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1"
+            )))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn discover_override_socket_wins_when_present() {
+        let override_path = Path::new("/tmp/bread-polkit-test.sock");
+        let got = discover_transport_from(
+            Some(override_path),
+            None,
+            SOCKET_CANDIDATES,
+            HELPER_CANDIDATES,
+            |p| p == override_path,
+        );
+        assert_eq!(got, Some(Transport::Socket(override_path.to_path_buf())));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn discover_none_when_nothing_exists() {
+        let got =
+            discover_transport_from(None, None, SOCKET_CANDIDATES, HELPER_CANDIDATES, |_| false);
+        assert_eq!(got, None);
+    }
+}

bread-polkit/src/identity.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//! Unix-user identities from a PolicyKit `BeginAuthentication` call.
+
+/// A `unix-user` identity the agent can authenticate as.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UnixUser {
+    pub uid: u32,
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+/// Look up `uid` in a passwd-file dump (`name:x:uid:...` lines).
+pub fn name_for_uid(uid: u32, passwd: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    for line in passwd.lines() {
+        if line.starts_with('#') {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut parts = line.split(':');
+        let name = parts.next()?;
+        let _pw = parts.next()?;
+        let id = parts.next()?.parse::<u32>().ok()?;
+        if id == uid && !name.is_empty() {
+            return Some(name.to_string());
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Resolve each uid to a [`UnixUser`], falling back to `uid N` when
+/// `/etc/passwd` has no name.
+pub fn users_from_uids(uids: &[u32], passwd: &str) -> Vec<UnixUser> {
+    uids.iter()
+        .copied()
+        .map(|uid| UnixUser {
+            uid,
+            name: name_for_uid(uid, passwd).unwrap_or_else(|| format!("uid {uid}")),
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Prefer the process's own uid when it is in `users`, otherwise the first.
+pub fn pick_user(users: &[UnixUser], current_uid: Option<u32>) -> Option<&UnixUser> {
+    if let Some(uid) = current_uid {
+        if let Some(user) = users.iter().find(|u| u.uid == uid) {
+            return Some(user);
+        }
+    }
+    users.first()
+}
+
+/// Real uid from a `/proc/self/status` dump (`Uid:\t<real> ...`).
+pub fn uid_from_status(status: &str) -> Option<u32> {
+    for line in status.lines() {
+        let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("Uid:") else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        return rest.split_whitespace().next()?.parse().ok();
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Current real uid, or `None` if `/proc/self/status` is unreadable.
+pub fn current_uid() -> Option<u32> {
+    let status = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/self/status").ok()?;
+    uid_from_status(&status)
+}
+
+/// Contents of `/etc/passwd`, or empty if unreadable.
+pub fn read_passwd() -> String {
+    std::fs::read_to_string("/etc/passwd").unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    const PASSWD: &str = "\
+# comment
+root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
+alice:x:1000:1000:Alice:/home/alice:/bin/zsh
+bob:x:1001:1001:Bob:/home/bob:/bin/bash
+";
+
+    #[test]
+    fn name_for_uid_reads_passwd_lines() {
+        assert_eq!(name_for_uid(0, PASSWD).as_deref(), Some("root"));
+        assert_eq!(name_for_uid(1000, PASSWD).as_deref(), Some("alice"));
+        assert_eq!(name_for_uid(99, PASSWD), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn users_from_uids_falls_back_to_uid_label() {
+        let users = users_from_uids(&[1000, 42], PASSWD);
+        assert_eq!(
+            users,
+            vec![
+                UnixUser {
+                    uid: 1000,
+                    name: "alice".into()
+                },
+                UnixUser {
+                    uid: 42,
+                    name: "uid 42".into()
+                },
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pick_user_prefers_current_uid() {
+        let users = users_from_uids(&[0, 1000], PASSWD);
+        let picked = pick_user(&users, Some(1000)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(picked.name, "alice");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pick_user_falls_back_to_first() {
+        let users = users_from_uids(&[0, 1000], PASSWD);
+        let picked = pick_user(&users, Some(7)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(picked.name, "root");
+        assert!(pick_user(&[], Some(1000)).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn uid_from_status_reads_real_uid() {
+        let status = "Name:\tbread-polkit\nUid:\t1000\t1000\t1000\t1000\n";
+        assert_eq!(uid_from_status(status), Some(1000));
+        assert_eq!(uid_from_status("Name:\tfoo\n"), None);
+    }
+}

bread-polkit/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//! Non-GTK PolicyKit helper logic for `bread-polkit`.
+//!
+//! The binary (`bread-polkit`) registers as a session authentication
+//! agent and shows a themed password prompt. This library is the
+//! transport / identity / session parsing that can be unit-tested
+//! without a display.
+
+pub mod helper;
+pub mod identity;
+pub mod session;

bread-polkit/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//! bread-polkit — themed PolicyKit authentication agent.
+//!
+//! Registers on the `org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.AuthenticationAgent`
+//! interface and shows a bread-theme GTK4 password prompt. This is an
+//! agent, not a wrapper that execs `polkit-gnome`.
+//!
+//! Autostart: copy `contrib/bread-polkit.desktop` to
+//! `~/.config/autostart/`, or add `exec-once = bread-polkit` to Hyprland.
+
+mod agent;
+mod auth;
+mod ui;
+
+use bread_app::singleton::Acquire;
+use gtk4::prelude::*;
+
+const APP_NAME: &str = "bread-polkit";
+
+fn main() {
+    let arg = std::env::args().nth(1);
+    match arg.as_deref() {
+        Some("-h") | Some("--help") => {
+            print_help();
+            return;
+        }
+        Some("-V") | Some("--version") => {
+            println!("bread-polkit {}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
+            return;
+        }
+        Some(other) => {
+            eprintln!("bread-polkit: unknown argument '{other}'");
+            print_help();
+            std::process::exit(2);
+        }
+        None => {}
+    }
+
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(
+            tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::try_from_default_env()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter::new("info")),
+        )
+        .with_target(false)
+        .init();
+
+    let _guard = match bread_app::try_acquire(APP_NAME) {
+        Ok(Acquire::Acquired(g)) => Some(g),
+        Ok(Acquire::HeldByOther(pid)) => {
+            eprintln!("bread-polkit: already running (pid {pid:?})");
+            std::process::exit(0);
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            // Don't keep running without the single-instance lock: a second
+            // copy would attempt to `serve_at` the same PolicyKit agent
+            // object path on the system bus, and a password prompt held by a
+            // process whose lock couldn't be taken is ambiguous state. Fail
+            // fast and let a wrapper/autostart retry.
+            eprintln!("bread-polkit: singleton lock unavailable ({e}); exiting");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let app_id = bread_app::application_id(APP_NAME).expect("static app name");
+    let app = gtk4::Application::builder().application_id(&app_id).build();
+
+    app.connect_activate(|app| {
+        bread_theme::gtk::apply_shared();
+        bread_theme::gtk::apply_app_css(ui::app_css);
+        // No window until polkit asks; hold so GApplication stays alive.
+        std::mem::forget(app.hold());
+        if let Err(e) = agent::spawn() {
+            eprintln!("bread-polkit: {e:#}");
+            app.quit();
+        }
+    });
+
+    app.run();
+}
+
+fn print_help() {
+    print!(
+        "\
+bread-polkit — themed PolicyKit authentication agent
+
+Usage:
+  bread-polkit
+  bread-polkit --help
+  bread-polkit --version
+
+Autostart (pick one):
+  cp contrib/bread-polkit.desktop ~/.config/autostart/
+  exec-once = bread-polkit          # Hyprland
+
+The agent talks to the polkit1 AuthenticationAgent API and prompts for
+a password. It does not exec polkit-gnome. Not a bakery product; not
+on the BOS ISO lockfile.
+"
+    );
+}

bread-polkit/src/session.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//! Session subject for `RegisterAuthenticationAgent`.
+
+/// Logind session id from `XDG_SESSION_ID`, falling back to
+/// `/proc/self/sessionid` when the kernel has one.
+pub fn session_id() -> Option<String> {
+    let xdg = std::env::var("XDG_SESSION_ID").ok();
+    let proc = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/self/sessionid").ok();
+    session_id_from(xdg.as_deref(), proc.as_deref())
+}
+
+/// `None` when both sources are empty or the kernel reports the
+/// unsigned `-1` sentinel (`4294967295`) meaning "no session".
+pub fn session_id_from(xdg: Option<&str>, proc_sessionid: Option<&str>) -> Option<String> {
+    if let Some(id) = xdg.map(str::trim).filter(|s| !s.is_empty()) {
+        return Some(id.to_string());
+    }
+    let raw = proc_sessionid?.trim();
+    if raw.is_empty() || raw == "4294967295" {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some(raw.to_string())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prefers_xdg_session_id() {
+        assert_eq!(session_id_from(Some("3"), Some("7")).as_deref(), Some("3"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            session_id_from(Some(" 3 "), Some("7")).as_deref(),
+            Some("3")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn falls_back_to_proc_sessionid() {
+        assert_eq!(session_id_from(Some(""), Some("7")).as_deref(), Some("7"));
+        assert_eq!(session_id_from(None, Some("7\n")).as_deref(), Some("7"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rejects_unset_kernel_session() {
+        assert_eq!(session_id_from(None, Some("4294967295")), None);
+        assert_eq!(session_id_from(Some(""), Some("")), None);
+        assert_eq!(session_id_from(None, None), None);
+    }
+}

bread-polkit/src/ui.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+//! GTK4 password prompt, themed with bread-theme.
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use gtk4::gdk::Key;
+use gtk4::glib::{self, Propagation};
+use gtk4::prelude::*;
+use gtk4::{
+    Align, Application, ApplicationWindow, Box as GBox, Button, Entry, EventControllerKey, Label,
+    Orientation,
+};
+
+use bread_theme::tokens;
+
+use crate::agent::UserAction;
+
+const PANEL_WIDTH: i32 = 400;
+
+struct Active {
+    cookie: String,
+    window: ApplicationWindow,
+    password: Entry,
+    error: Label,
+    reply: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<UserAction>,
+    username: String,
+}
+
+thread_local! {
+    static ACTIVE: RefCell<Option<Active>> = const { RefCell::new(None) };
+}
+
+/// App-specific rules layered on the shared bread-theme stylesheet.
+pub fn app_css() -> String {
+    format!(
+        ".polkit-panel {{\
+             background-color: @surface; color: @on-surface;\
+             border-radius: {r}px; padding: {pad}px;\
+             min-width: {w}px;\
+         }}\n\
+         .polkit-title {{ font-size: 1.4em; font-weight: bold; }}\n\
+         .polkit-message {{ opacity: 0.85; }}\n\
+         .polkit-identity {{ opacity: 0.7; font-size: {sec}px; }}\n\
+         .polkit-error {{ color: @on-red; }}\n\
+         .polkit-buttons {{ padding-top: {sm}px; }}\n",
+        r = tokens::RADIUS_PRIMARY,
+        pad = tokens::SPACE_XL,
+        w = PANEL_WIDTH,
+        sec = tokens::FONT_SIZE_SECONDARY,
+        sm = tokens::SPACE_SM,
+    )
+}
+
+pub struct Prompt {
+    pub cookie: String,
+    pub message: String,
+    pub action_id: String,
+    pub username: String,
+    pub reply: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<UserAction>,
+}
+
+/// Show (or replace) the password overlay for this cookie.
+pub fn show_prompt(app: &Application, prompt: Prompt) {
+    close_if_other_cookie(&prompt.cookie);
+
+    if ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+        a.borrow()
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|active| active.cookie == prompt.cookie)
+    }) {
+        present_existing(&prompt);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let window = bread_app::gtk_popup::new_overlay_window(app, "bread-polkit");
+
+    let panel = GBox::new(Orientation::Vertical, tokens::SPACE_MD as i32);
+    panel.add_css_class("polkit-panel");
+    panel.add_css_class("card");
+    panel.set_halign(Align::Center);
+    panel.set_valign(Align::Center);
+    panel.set_size_request(PANEL_WIDTH, -1);
+
+    let title = Label::new(Some("Authentication required"));
+    title.add_css_class("polkit-title");
+    title.add_css_class("page-title");
+    title.set_halign(Align::Start);
+    title.set_wrap(true);
+    panel.append(&title);
+
+    let message = if prompt.message.trim().is_empty() {
+        prompt.action_id.clone()
+    } else {
+        prompt.message.clone()
+    };
+    let msg = Label::new(Some(&message));
+    msg.add_css_class("polkit-message");
+    msg.set_halign(Align::Start);
+    msg.set_wrap(true);
+    msg.set_xalign(0.0);
+    panel.append(&msg);
+
+    if !prompt.username.is_empty() {
+        let identity = Label::new(Some(&format!("Authenticating as {}", prompt.username)));
+        identity.add_css_class("polkit-identity");
+        identity.add_css_class("dim-label");
+        identity.set_halign(Align::Start);
+        panel.append(&identity);
+    }
+
+    let error = Label::new(None);
+    error.add_css_class("polkit-error");
+    error.set_halign(Align::Start);
+    error.set_wrap(true);
+    error.set_visible(false);
+    panel.append(&error);
+
+    let password = Entry::builder()
+        .visibility(false)
+        .input_purpose(gtk4::InputPurpose::Password)
+        .placeholder_text("Password")
+        .hexpand(true)
+        .build();
+    panel.append(&password);
+
+    let buttons = GBox::new(Orientation::Horizontal, tokens::SPACE_SM as i32);
+    buttons.add_css_class("polkit-buttons");
+    buttons.set_halign(Align::End);
+    let cancel = Button::with_label("Cancel");
+    cancel.add_css_class("flat");
+    let confirm = Button::with_label("Authenticate");
+    confirm.add_css_class("suggested-action");
+    buttons.append(&cancel);
+    buttons.append(&confirm);
+    panel.append(&buttons);
+
+    window.set_child(Some(&panel));
+    bread_theme::gtk::bind_window_auto_with_app_css(&window, |_| app_css());
+
+    let reply = prompt.reply.clone();
+    let cookie = prompt.cookie.clone();
+    let username = prompt.username.clone();
+
+    let submit = {
+        let password = password.clone();
+        let reply = reply.clone();
+        let username = username.clone();
+        Rc::new(move || {
+            let secret = password.text().to_string();
+            password.set_text("");
+            let _ = reply.try_send(UserAction::Submit {
+                username: username.clone(),
+                password: secret,
+            });
+        })
+    };
+    let cancel_fn = {
+        let reply = reply.clone();
+        let window = window.clone();
+        Rc::new(move || {
+            let _ = reply.try_send(UserAction::Cancel);
+            window.close();
+            ACTIVE.with(|a| a.replace(None));
+        })
+    };
+
+    confirm.connect_clicked({
+        let submit = submit.clone();
+        move |_| submit()
+    });
+    password.connect_activate({
+        let submit = submit.clone();
+        move |_| submit()
+    });
+    cancel.connect_clicked({
+        let cancel_fn = cancel_fn.clone();
+        move |_| cancel_fn()
+    });
+
+    let keys = EventControllerKey::new();
+    keys.connect_key_pressed({
+        let cancel_fn = cancel_fn.clone();
+        move |_, key, _, _| {
+            if key == Key::Escape {
+                cancel_fn();
+                Propagation::Stop
+            } else {
+                Propagation::Proceed
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    window.add_controller(keys);
+
+    bread_app::gtk_popup::close_on_outside_click(&window, &panel, {
+        let cancel_fn = cancel_fn.clone();
+        move || cancel_fn()
+    });
+
+    window.connect_close_request({
+        let reply = reply.clone();
+        move |_| {
+            let closing_ours = ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+                a.borrow()
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .is_some_and(|active| active.cookie == cookie)
+            });
+            if closing_ours {
+                let _ = reply.try_send(UserAction::Cancel);
+                ACTIVE.with(|a| a.replace(None));
+            }
+            glib::Propagation::Proceed
+        }
+    });
+
+    ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+        *a.borrow_mut() = Some(Active {
+            cookie: prompt.cookie,
+            window: window.clone(),
+            password: password.clone(),
+            error,
+            reply,
+            username,
+        });
+    });
+
+    window.present();
+    password.grab_focus();
+}
+
+fn present_existing(prompt: &Prompt) {
+    ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+        if let Some(active) = a.borrow_mut().as_mut() {
+            active.reply = prompt.reply.clone();
+            active.username = prompt.username.clone();
+            active.error.set_visible(false);
+            active.password.set_text("");
+            active.window.present();
+            active.password.grab_focus();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// Show a retry message on the open dialog for `cookie`.
+pub fn show_retry(cookie: &str, message: &str) {
+    ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+        let mut guard = a.borrow_mut();
+        let Some(active) = guard.as_mut() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if active.cookie != cookie {
+            return;
+        }
+        active.error.set_label(message);
+        active.error.set_visible(true);
+        active.password.set_text("");
+        active.window.present();
+        active.password.grab_focus();
+    });
+}
+
+/// Close the dialog if it is still showing `cookie`.
+pub fn close_prompt(cookie: &str) {
+    ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+        let Some(active) = a.borrow_mut().take() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if active.cookie == cookie {
+            active.window.close();
+        } else {
+            *a.borrow_mut() = Some(active);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn close_if_other_cookie(cookie: &str) {
+    ACTIVE.with(|a| {
+        let Some(active) = a.borrow_mut().take() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        if active.cookie == cookie {
+            *a.borrow_mut() = Some(active);
+        } else {
+            active.window.close();
+        }
+    });
+}

bread-screenshots/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[package]
+name = "bread-screenshots"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+description = "Shared capture plumbing for the bread ecosystem's UI screenshot tooling: layer-surface and output geometry via Hyprland IPC, capture via grim"
+repository = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem"
+keywords = ["hyprland", "wayland", "screenshot", "grim"]
+
+[dependencies]
+bread-utils = { path = "../bread-utils" }
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+tracing = { workspace = true }

bread-screenshots/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//! Capture primitive for the bread ecosystem's UI screenshot tooling (see
+//! `bread-capture`, the orchestrator that drives this crate's consumers).
+//!
+//! Deliberately compositor-agnostic: no Hyprland IPC, no layer/output
+//! lookup. `bread-capture` runs every target app inside an isolated,
+//! headless compositor instance of a known, fixed size (see its
+//! `isolation` module), so the caller already knows exactly what region to
+//! grab — there's nothing to query.
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+const GRIM_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+/// Capture a `w`x`h` region at `(x, y)` (compositor-global coordinates) to
+/// `out` via `grim -g`.
+pub fn capture_region(x: i32, y: i32, w: i32, h: i32, out: &Path) -> Result<()> {
+    if let Some(parent) = out.parent() {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+            .with_context(|| format!("creating {}", parent.display()))?;
+    }
+    let out_str = out.to_str().context("output path is not valid UTF-8")?;
+    let geometry = format!("{x},{y} {w}x{h}");
+    let result = bread_utils::proc::run("grim", &["-g", &geometry, out_str], GRIM_TIMEOUT);
+    if !result.success {
+        bail!("grim failed for geometry {geometry}: {}", result.stderr.trim());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

bread-theme/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,11 +1,48 @@
 # bread-theme changelog
 
+## 0.7.4
+
+Per-output (per-monitor) theming. Session-global `theme.css` remains the
+fallback / focused-monitor sheet; each Hyprland/GDK connector can now have
+its own palette and stylesheet. BOS still keeps bg/surface/overlay/fg
+fixed — only color1–6 come from the wallpaper.
+
+On disk under `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bread/` (same fallback as `shared_css_path`):
+
+- `palettes/<sanitized-output>.json` — accents only (round-trips through
+  `from_wal_json` / a color1–6 object; never persists pywal's light bg)
+- `themes/<sanitized-output>.css` — `stylesheet()` for that palette
+
+New lib API:
+
+- `themes_dir`, `palettes_dir`, `output_css_path`, `output_palette_path`,
+  `sanitize_output`
+- `load_palette_for`, `write_output_palette`, `write_output_css`,
+  `write_shared_css_from`
+- `palette_from_image` (isolated `wal -i`, does not touch `~/.cache/wal`),
+  `generate_output`, `palette_from_json`
+- `stylesheet_resolved` — inlines `@accent` / `@on-bg` / … to hex so GTK's
+  display-global `@define-color` cannot leak the wrong monitor's accent
+
+GTK (`gtk` feature): `bind_window`, `bind_window_with_app_css`,
+`output_for_widget`, `bind_window_auto`, `bind_window_auto_with_app_css`.
+Widget-scoped providers at `USER - 10` so they beat `apply_shared` but
+lose to user CSS. Existing `apply_shared` / `apply_app_css` /
+`apply_css` / `apply_user_css` are unchanged.
+
+CLI: `bread-theme generate-output <OUTPUT> --image <PATH> | --from-json
+<FILE> [--shared]`. Does not write `theme.css` unless `--shared`.
+
 ## Coordinated bump policy
 
-`bread-theme` is consumed by `breadbar`, `breadbox`, and `breadpad` as a pinned
-git dependency. A breaking change to `Palette`, `css_vars`, or the `gtk` feature
-API requires all three dependents to bump their `Cargo.toml` git tag and cut a
-release together. Note the impact in this file before tagging.
+`bread-theme` is consumed by `breadbar`, `breadbox`, `breadpad`, and the other
+GTK bread apps as a pinned git dependency. A breaking change to `Palette`,
+`css_vars`, or the `gtk` feature API requires dependents to bump their
+`Cargo.toml` git tag and cut a release together. Note the impact in this file
+before tagging.
+
+**0.7.4** adds per-output bind APIs (`bind_window*`, `load_palette_for`,
+`generate_output`). Apps that call those must pin `tag = "v0.7.4"`.
 
 ---
 

bread-theme/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,12 +12,30 @@ keywords = ["theming", "pywal", "gtk4", "wayland"]
 serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 dirs = { workspace = true }
+# bread_theme::shell manifest parsing (theme.toml) — gtk-free, so `bread`
+# (daemon) and `breadcrumbs` (CLI) can validate a theme without linking GTK.
+toml = { workspace = true }
+anyhow = { workspace = true }
+tracing = { workspace = true }
 gtk4 = { version = "0.11", features = ["v4_12"], optional = true }
+# Rust bindings for libadwaita (GNOME's widget library on top of GTK4) — the
+# actual source of the modern GNOME look (grouped preference rows, real
+# toggle/spin rows, view switchers), not just a CSS reskin of plain GTK4
+# widgets. `v1_7` for ToggleGroup (used for tab-row-style pickers); the
+# system library only needs to be >= that (this machine has 1.9.2).
+libadwaita = { version = "0.9", features = ["v1_7"], optional = true }
 
 [features]
 # Enable GTK4 CSS provider helpers (breadbar, breadbox, breadpad use this).
 # bread (daemon) and breadcrumbs (CLI) depend on this crate without the feature.
 gtk = ["dep:gtk4"]
+# Composite libadwaita-based widgets (bread_theme::adw) — separate from `gtk`
+# because libadwaita's own top-level window chrome (AdwApplicationWindow)
+# isn't compatible with gtk4-layer-shell surfaces, so the five layer-shell
+# apps (breadbar, breadbox, breadclip, breadsearch, breadpad) only want
+# plain CSS, not this. Apps with an ordinary top-level window (breadman,
+# breadhelp) want both.
+adw = ["gtk", "dep:libadwaita"]
 
 # The generator CLI. It only touches the gtk-free lib API (render + write), so
 # it builds without the gtk feature and stays light.

bread-theme/assets/shell/daylight/daylight.css

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/* CSS template for the daylight builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs).
+ * Same scope and substitution rules as its three siblings: only the
+ * window/workspace/clock chrome the manifest's own concepts model, `{name}`
+ * tokens substituted, `@name` palette references passed through untouched.
+ * Declared-but-not-yet-consumed in production, same as every sibling
+ * template — see `ShellTheme::css`'s doc comment for why (breadbar hand-
+ * rolls its own CSS in `breadbar::theme::load_css` instead of calling this
+ * method). Exercised by this crate's own tests.
+ *
+ * Source: bos-ui-demos/proposed/daylight.html's <style> block.
+ *
+ * Unlike its three siblings, this template hardcodes which of `@bg`/`@on-bg`
+ * plays "paper surface" versus "ink" directly (`@on-bg` as the fill, `@bg`
+ * as the text) rather than branching on `{light}` at substitution time —
+ * `Tokens::substitute` only does `{name}` replacement, not conditionals, and
+ * this template is Daylight's alone, so there is nothing to branch FOR here.
+ * `breadbar::theme::load_css` is the one place that genuinely needs to pick
+ * between the two directions at runtime (it renders all four themes from
+ * one function) — see its own `panel`/`ink` locals and Tokens::light's doc
+ * comment for the general mechanism this template only needs one side of.
+ */
+
+window.breadbar {
+  background-color: transparent;
+  border: none;
+  box-shadow: none;
+  color: @bg;
+}
+window.breadbar > box > centerbox { padding: 0 14px; }
+window.breadbar button { min-height: 0; min-width: 0; }
+
+/* The three detached pills (axis 3, segmented) — see
+ * breadbar::theme::load_css's `.bar-segment` rule for the identical
+ * production version of this block.
+ */
+.bar-segment {
+  background-color: alpha(@on-bg, {bg_alpha});
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@bg, 0.10);
+  border-radius: {radius_bar}px;
+  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px alpha(@bg, 0.13);
+}
+
+.workspace-trail {
+  background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, @{accent_from}, @{accent_to});
+  background-color: @{accent_from};
+  border-radius: {radius_sm}px;
+}
+.workspace-btn {
+  background: transparent;
+  opacity: 0.36;
+  color: @bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_sm}px;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  box-shadow: none;
+  min-width: 28px;
+  min-height: {chip_height}px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0 7px;
+  font-size: 22px;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  transition: opacity 0.22s {spring_settle}, background-color 0.22s {spring_settle};
+}
+.workspace-btn:hover { opacity: 0.85; background: alpha(@bg, 0.08); }
+.workspace-btn.occupied { opacity: 0.78; }
+.workspace-btn.active { background: transparent; color: @on-accent; opacity: 1; }
+.workspace-btn.active:hover { background: transparent; }
+
+.clock-plain { padding: 0 4px; }
+.clock-plain-time {
+  font-size: {font_size_base}px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+}
+.date-label {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  opacity: 0.48;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+}
+
+/* Warm amber equaliser — the second accent (axis 1's colour-mapping note):
+ * distinct from the teal workspace-trail accent above.
+ */
+.media-eq-bar {
+  background-color: @{accent2};
+}
+
+/* Light-theme overrides of the notification/OSD surfaces — the demo's own
+ * `.notifs`/`.note`/`.osd` block, which explicitly replaces shared.css's
+ * dark defaults. `@on-bg` (paper) / `@bg` (ink), not `@bg` (glass) / `@on-bg`
+ * (light ink) the way every sibling theme's identical rule reads — this is
+ * the one deliberate inversion this template makes relative to its
+ * siblings, and it is exactly what `{light}` conditions in the shared Rust
+ * implementation (breadbar::theme::load_css). See axis 1 in the task
+ * report for the full inventory this one inversion stands in for.
+ */
+window.breadbar-osd {
+  background-color: alpha(@on-bg, {bg_alpha});
+  color: @bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_pill}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@bg, 0.10);
+  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px alpha(@bg, 0.16);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-panel {
+  background-color: alpha(@on-bg, {bg_alpha});
+  color: @bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_card}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@bg, 0.10);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-dismiss {
+  background-color: alpha(#000000, 0.02);
+}
+
+.bread-widget-slot { margin-right: {pad}px; }

bread-theme/assets/shell/daylight/theme.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# The fourth compiled-in builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs), demo
+# "Daylight" in bos-ui-demos/proposed/daylight.html — a bottom-anchored dock
+# split into three DETACHED pills (workspaces | clock+media | stats)
+# floating on an otherwise fully transparent bar, ink-on-paper: near-opaque
+# white surfaces, soft drop shadows (blur is OFF — see [compositor] below),
+# deep teal accent, warm amber equaliser. This is the first built-in that is
+# LIGHT, the first anchored BOTTOM, the first SEGMENTED (three pills instead
+# of one bar surface), and the first with blur deliberately disabled — see
+# the task report for what each of those four axes required.
+#
+# Values are taken from bos-ui-demos/proposed/daylight.html's <style> block;
+# where the demo is silent (satellite offsets, bar-adjacent chip sizing)
+# this file re-derives from the dock's own edge, same method every sibling
+# theme.toml already documents.
+#
+# Font (Outfit is not installed on the dev machine, same gap liquid-motion/
+# spotlight already have — renders in fallback until ttf-outfit is
+# installed) and colour (the demo's #2f6d7a teal / #c2683c amber are *flat*
+# accents — mapped to this palette's `teal` / `yellow` tokens, see [tokens]'s
+# own note — never a literal hex value, or pywal theming breaks).
+
+name = "Daylight"
+id   = "daylight"
+
+[tokens]
+font_family    = "Outfit, sans-serif"
+font_fallback  = "sans-serif"
+font_size_base = 14
+# `.bar-segment`'s radius (see `bar_border = "segmented"` below) — the
+# window itself (`window.breadbar`) draws no radius at all, since it draws
+# no fill/border either. Demo: `.seg { border-radius: 14px }`.
+radius_bar     = 14
+# Notification/history card radius. Demo has no explicit `.note` radius of
+# its own (its override block only touches background/border/shadow/colour
+# — see shared.css's `.note { border-radius: 12px }` default) — 14px keeps
+# it a close, deliberate match to this theme's own popover/segment radius
+# instead of inheriting an unrelated demo's 12px.
+radius_card    = 14
+# Chip/workspace-pill radius. Demo: `.chip`/`.wp`/`.trail` all draw a 9px
+# pill (concentric inside the 14px segment with a 7px inset, per the demo's
+# own comment next to `.chip`).
+radius_sm      = 9
+radius_pill    = 999
+# Demo: `.pop { padding: 13px }`.
+pad            = 13
+# `.bar-segment` fill alpha — demo: `.seg { background: rgba(255,255,255,.94) }`,
+# a near-OPAQUE paper pill, not liquid-motion/glass-workbench's translucent
+# glass (0.72). Also reused for the notification/OSD/panel surfaces below
+# (the same `bg_alpha` token every sibling theme already reuses for more
+# than just the bar).
+bg_alpha       = 0.94
+# The demo defines both curves distinctly (`--spring`/`--settle`), like
+# liquid-motion — not glass-workbench/spotlight's single shared curve.
+spring         = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1)"
+spring_settle  = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1)"
+# Palette token NAMES, not hex — #2f6d7a is this palette's `teal`. Equal
+# from/to because the demo's workspace-trail fill is flat
+# (`.trail { background: var(--accent) }`), not a gradient — same reasoning
+# as glass-workbench/spotlight's own flat accents. accent_from IS read (the
+# Trail gradient's start stop, and now — this theme is the reason — its end
+# stop too, see accent_to's own doc comment in types.rs).
+accent_from    = "teal"
+accent_to      = "teal"
+# A SECOND accent, independent of accent_from/accent_to: the demo's media
+# equaliser bars are warm amber (`--accent2: #c2683c`), not the workspace
+# trail's deep teal — one accent value can no longer describe both, which is
+# why this key exists at all (see Tokens::accent2's doc comment). Mapped to
+# `yellow` (pywal ANSI color3): the demo's amber reads warmer/more orange
+# than a pure hue, and `yellow` is the only remaining named accent slot not
+# already claimed by `accent`/`teal`/`green`/`pink` across the four built-in
+# themes that reads plausibly warm regardless of wallpaper. Consumed by
+# breadbar::theme::load_css's `.media-eq-bar` rule.
+accent2        = "yellow"
+# Demo: `.chip { height: 26px }` / `.wp { height: 26px }` on the 40px dock —
+# the same 26px liquid-motion's own Trail-style bar already uses (see
+# `breadbar::theme::approved_chip_height`, which is what actually governs
+# this in practice — see that function's own note on why this token is
+# otherwise a restated truth, not a live input).
+chip_height    = 26
+# No single demo number for bar-icon glyph size (the demo's `.gl` box is
+# 16x16, but that is the icon's *swatch*, not the glyph-drawing size other
+# themes' icon_px models) — chosen proportionally between liquid-motion's
+# 24px (44px bar) and glass-workbench's 18px (36px bar) for this theme's
+# 40px dock.
+icon_px        = 20
+# THE axis-3 (segmented) knob: `window.breadbar` itself gets no fill/
+# border/radius at all (drawn fully transparent); the bar's three slot-group
+# containers each get their own `.bar-segment` pill surface instead. See
+# Tokens::bar_border's doc comment and breadbar::theme::load_css's
+# `segmented` local for exactly what this changes.
+bar_border     = "segmented"
+# THE axis-1 (light) knob — see Tokens::light's doc comment for why this
+# exists and exactly what it swaps. Every dark-assuming hardcode this flag
+# fixes is listed in the task report.
+light          = true
+
+[bar.window]
+# THE axis-2 (bottom-anchored) knob. Full-bleed left/right (`window.
+# breadbar`'s own bounds touch both screen edges, like every sibling
+# theme's top-anchored bar), with `bottom_margin` floating it 12px off the
+# bottom edge — the demo's own `.dock { left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 12px }`.
+# The 14px horizontal inset the demo's `.dock` draws via CSS `padding`
+# (not a window margin) is reproduced the same way: see `centerbox_padding`
+# in breadbar::theme::load_css, keyed off `bar_border == "segmented"`
+# exactly like glass-workbench's flush bar already keys its own padding off
+# `bar_border == "bottom"`.
+anchors   = ["bottom", "left", "right"]
+width     = "fill"
+height    = 40
+margin    = { top = 0, left = 0, right = 0, bottom = 12 }
+exclusive = "auto"
+keyboard  = "none"
+layer     = "top"
+
+[bar.slots]
+# Same widget-alias shape as liquid-motion (plan §11 phase 1's fixed
+# interleave points), even though the demo itself shows no extra Lua
+# widget — so a widget requesting one of these placements has a home under
+# Daylight too, the same reasoning spotlight's own `widget:left_of_stats`
+# documents for its slimmer slot set.
+left   = ["workspaces", "widget:right_of_workspaces"]
+centre = ["media", "widget:left_of_clock", "clock", "widget:right_of_clock"]
+right  = ["widget:left_of_stats", "volume", "wifi", "battery", "control"]
+drawer = []
+
+[modules.workspaces]
+style      = "trail"
+show_empty = true
+
+[modules.clock]
+# Demo: one time label + one date label (`.clock`/`.date`), not liquid-
+# motion's per-digit flip — same reasoning as glass-workbench's own "plain"
+# choice.
+style     = "plain"
+format    = "%H:%M"
+show_date = true
+
+[launcher]
+mode     = "overlay"
+# Demo: `.bx { width: min(430px, 90%) }`.
+width    = 430
+# NOTE — known gap, see task report: `breadbox` (the process that actually
+# reads this field) is not one of this task's two repos, and `Launcher` has
+# no "anchor from bottom" concept at all — `top` is unconditionally a
+# distance from the TOP of the screen in every existing consumer. The demo's
+# launcher rises from just above the dock (`.bx { bottom: 62px }`), which
+# this schema/consumer pairing cannot express without a breadbox-side change
+# this task cannot make. 55% is a best-effort placement (roughly the lower
+# half of the screen, not flush against either edge) documented here as a
+# stopgap, not a real fix.
+top      = "55%"
+# Demo: `.bx { border-radius: 18px }`.
+radius   = 18
+# Demo: `.bx .ico { width: 26px; height: 26px }`.
+icon_px  = 26
+# Demo's rows all fade/slide in together with a small per-index stagger
+# (`animation-delay: min(i,10)*20ms`) — closest existing `row_anim` value is
+# glass-workbench's "stagger" (the CSS classes it reuses are already 28ms
+# apart, not 20ms, but this schema has no numeric stagger-interval knob of
+# its own to match the demo's exactly).
+row_anim = "stagger"
+# Demo: a plain 1px hairline under the search field
+# (`.bx .q { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(26,29,34,.09) }`), not liquid-
+# motion's gradient rule.
+rule     = "hairline"
+footer   = "count_apps"
+sections = true
+# Demo supports all four query prefixes (bare/`=`/`>`/`.`), same as
+# spotlight — its `<script>` reuses the identical shared.js query parser.
+modes    = ["apps", "calc", "cmd", "url"]
+# `.bx .r { border-radius: 10px; margin: 0 7px; padding: 9px 11px }`
+row_radius       = 10
+row_inset        = 7
+row_padding_v    = 9
+row_padding_h    = 11
+# `.bx .ico { border-radius: 8px }` (paired with icon_px = 26 above)
+icon_radius      = 8
+# `.bx .q { padding: 15px 17px; font-size: 15px }`
+search_font_size = 15
+search_padding_v = 15
+search_padding_h = 17
+# Demo: `.bx { background: var(--paper) }` — fully OPAQUE white, not
+# liquid-motion/glass-workbench's translucent glass. 0.97, not a bare 1.0,
+# to read as a deliberate "near-opaque paper" choice rather than a rounding
+# accident, matching this theme's own `bg_alpha`/pill-surface language.
+panel_alpha      = 0.97
+# Demo: `.bx .r.sel { background: rgba(47,109,122,.15) }` — teal at 15%.
+selection_alpha  = 0.15
+
+# Keyed by layer-shell namespace, matching [compositor.*] below.
+#
+# `bottom_right`, not `top_right`: THE OTHER axis-2 gap this theme exposed
+# and fixed. Every sibling theme's bar sits at the TOP, so `top_right`
+# always put breadbar-notif/breadbar-panel naturally close to the bar; a
+# bottom-anchored dock has nothing in the original three-shape anchor set
+# that keeps its satellites near it. `bottom_right` is a new fourth anchor
+# shape (bread-theme/src/shell/manifest.rs + breadbar/src/surface.rs),
+# validated the same "typo'd key is a hard error" way as its siblings.
+# `offset` is `[right, bottom]`, mirroring `top_right`'s `[right, top]`
+# convention. This bar's own bottom edge sits at margin.bottom(12) +
+# height(40) = 52px, so 64 (52 + a 12px gap, the same gap-beyond-the-bar-
+# edge relationship every sibling theme's own top_right offset already
+# uses) keeps the popup just clear of the dock.
+[surfaces."breadbar-notif"]
+anchor = "bottom_right"
+offset = [16, 64]
+# 320, not the demo's own shared.css `.notifs { width: 250px }` — every
+# sibling theme's breadbar-notif width already follows breadbar's real
+# `set_default_width(320)` live-toast constant instead of the demo markup's
+# arbitrary number (see liquid-motion/theme.toml's own note on this), and
+# this theme follows that same real-app-fidelity precedent rather than the
+# demo's number.
+width  = 320
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-osd"]
+# Demo: `.osd { bottom: 64px }` — independent of `anchor`, this already
+# matches the notif/panel offset above (both landed on 64 from the same
+# "12px clear of the dock's 52px edge" reasoning, coincidentally the same
+# number as the notif/panel `offset[1]`).
+anchor = "bottom_centre"
+offset = 64
+width  = 180
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-panel"]
+anchor = "bottom_right"
+offset = [16, 64]
+width  = "auto"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-dismiss"]
+# THE THIRD axis-2 consequence: `fill`'s `offset` was single-value
+# (top-margin-only) before this theme — a bottom-anchored bar needs the
+# scrim's GAP at the BOTTOM instead, so `breadbar/src/surface.rs::apply`'s
+# "fill" arm now reads a `[top, bottom]` pair (falling back to `[value, 0]`
+# for every existing single-value theme, so liquid-motion/glass-workbench/
+# spotlight are unaffected). `0` here means the scrim covers all the way to
+# the true top of the screen (nothing to clear up there); `52` is this bar's
+# own edge (margin.bottom(12) + height(40)), leaving the dock's own
+# footprint click-through the way every sibling theme's single top offset
+# already leaves its own bar's footprint alone.
+anchor = "fill"
+offset = [0, 52]
+width  = "fill"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+# Appearance-only, never placement/workspace/focus (plan §12 Layer B
+# boundary). THE axis-4 knob: `blur = false` everywhere, and `blur_popups`
+# dropped too — the demo draws depth with `box-shadow`, not
+# `backdrop-filter`, and per the task brief this also sidesteps the
+# shadow-halo trap a blurred `ignore_alpha` surface has (fixed in breadbox
+# by removing the shadow entirely — see that fix's history) since there is
+# no blur here for a shadow to get caught inside. No `ignore_alpha`
+# anywhere below either: that key only means anything to a BLURRED surface,
+# and setting it on an unblurred one would be exactly the kind of
+# never-consumed key this project's rules forbid.
+[compositor."breadbar"]
+blur        = false
+blur_popups = false
+animation   = "slide bottom"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-osd"]
+blur      = false
+animation = "slide bottom"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-notif"]
+blur      = false
+animation = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-panel"]
+blur      = false
+animation = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-dismiss"]
+no_anim = true
+
+[compositor."breadbox"]
+blur = false
+
+# No `css = "..."` overlay — compiled-in builtin, same as its three siblings.

bread-theme/assets/shell/glass-workbench/glass-workbench.css

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/* CSS template for the glass-workbench builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/
+ * builtin.rs). Same scope and substitution rules as liquid-motion.css: only
+ * the window/workspace/clock chrome the manifest's own concepts model, `{name}`
+ * tokens substituted, `@name` palette references passed through untouched.
+ *
+ * Source: bos-ui-demos/02-glass-workbench.html's <style> block. No
+ * per-digit flip (this theme has no `.clock-digit` markup at all — plain
+ * style is a date label + one time label) and no gradient trail (pill style
+ * never makes `.workspace-trail` visible — see breadbar's
+ * `WorkspaceTrail::place`/`stretch`, which this theme's slot config simply
+ * never calls).
+ */
+
+window.breadbar {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, {bg_alpha});
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_bar}px;
+  border: none;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.07);
+}
+window.breadbar > centerbox { padding: 0 {pad}px; }
+window.breadbar button { min-height: 0; min-width: 0; }
+
+/* Pill workspaces: solid accent fill when active, dimmed when empty — no
+ * trail overlay is ever shown (place()/stretch() are never called for this
+ * style), so `.workspace-trail` itself needs no rule here.
+ */
+.workspace-btn {
+  background: transparent;
+  opacity: 1;
+  color: alpha(@on-bg, 0.4);
+  border-radius: {radius_sm}px;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  box-shadow: none;
+  min-width: 22px;
+  min-height: {chip_height}px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0 6px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  transition: background-color 0.22s {spring_settle}, color 0.22s {spring_settle},
+    opacity 0.22s {spring_settle};
+}
+.workspace-btn:hover { background: alpha(@on-bg, 0.08); }
+.workspace-btn.occupied { color: alpha(@on-bg, 0.8); }
+.workspace-btn:not(.occupied):not(.active) { opacity: 0.35; }
+.workspace-btn.active {
+  background: @{accent_from};
+  color: @on-accent;
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+.workspace-btn.active:hover { background: @{accent_from}; }
+
+.clock-plain { padding: 0 4px; }
+.clock-plain-time {
+  font-size: {font_size_base}px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+}
+.date-label {
+  font-size: 12px;
+  opacity: 0.48;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+}
+
+window.breadbar-osd {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, 0.72);
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_pill}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.10);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-panel {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, 0.86);
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_card}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.12);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-dismiss {
+  background-color: alpha(#000000, 0.02);
+}
+
+.bread-widget-slot { margin-right: {pad}px; }

bread-theme/assets/shell/glass-workbench/theme.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# The second compiled-in builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs), demo 02
+# in THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md — "Glass Workbench": a flush edge-to-edge bar with
+# plain pill workspaces, a plain date+time clock, and cpu/ram chips instead
+# of the media widget liquid-motion carries. Values are taken from
+# bos-ui-demos/02-glass-workbench.html's <style> block; where the demo is
+# silent on a number (bar-adjacent chip sizing, satellite offsets) this file
+# scales liquid-motion's own numbers down by the same 36/44 bar-height ratio
+# rather than inventing something unrelated to either source.
+#
+# Unlike liquid-motion, this builtin has no "as the code exists today" tether
+# — it is new, so demo fidelity is the only source of truth. See Phase 5's
+# task notes for the two exceptions: font (IBM Plex Sans is not installed on
+# the dev machine, so this renders in fallback until the user installs
+# ttf-ibm-plex — this now matters for real: breadbox's launcher panel
+# consumes font_family/font_fallback below, see [tokens]'s own note) and
+# colour (the demo's #7a9a88 sage is a *flat* accent, so it maps to the
+# palette's `green` token for both accent_from and accent_to — never a
+# literal hex value, or pywal theming breaks).
+
+name = "Glass Workbench"
+id   = "glass-workbench"
+
+[tokens]
+# font_family/font_fallback/font_size_base are consumed by breadbox's
+# launcher panel only (breadbox::main::build_css's entry.search/row rules —
+# see Tokens::font_family's doc comment for the exact scope); breadbar's
+# bar/chip/clock text still comes from bread_theme::stylesheet()'s own
+# hardcoded FONT_FAMILY constant, unaffected by this key.
+font_family    = "IBM Plex Sans"
+font_fallback  = "Inter, Noto Sans, sans-serif"
+font_size_base = 13
+radius_bar     = 0
+radius_card    = 10
+radius_sm      = 6
+radius_pill    = 999
+pad            = 12
+bg_alpha       = 0.72
+# The demo defines exactly one easing curve (`--spring: cubic-bezier(.22,
+# 1.2, .36, 1)`), not liquid-motion's overshoot/settle pair — there's no
+# digit-flip or trail-stretch here to want a bounce for. Both `spring` and
+# `spring_settle` point at the demo's one curve rather than inventing a
+# second value the demo never specifies.
+spring         = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1)"
+spring_settle  = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1)"
+# Palette token NAMES, not hex — #7a9a88 is this palette's `green`. Equal
+# from/to because the demo's accent is flat, not a gradient. accent_from IS
+# read (Pill-style workspace fill, theme.rs); accent_to is declared-but-
+# not-yet-consumed regardless of style — nothing reads it outside the
+# breadbar Trail gradient this theme doesn't use, and even Trail hardcodes
+# its own literal gradient rather than substituting it. See
+# Tokens::accent_to's doc comment.
+accent_from    = "green"
+accent_to      = "green"
+# Demo: `.ws button { height: 20px }`. Liquid-motion's chip_height (32) is
+# tied to its 44px island; 20px is the demo's own number for this bar's
+# workspace pills, and is reused for the bar's other small chips (cpu/ram/
+# wifi/battery/control) so they all sit at the same height on the thinner
+# 36px flush bar.
+chip_height    = 22
+# No demo number for bar-icon size; scaled from liquid-motion's 24px by the
+# same 36/44 bar-height ratio liquid-motion itself uses for its 44px bar.
+icon_px        = 18
+# Flush edge-to-edge bar: a full border would draw a stray line along the
+# top/side screen edges a floating island doesn't have to worry about. See
+# Tokens::bar_border's doc comment.
+bar_border     = "bottom"
+
+[bar.window]
+anchors   = ["top", "left", "right"]
+width     = "fill"
+height    = 36
+margin    = { top = 0, left = 0, right = 0 }
+exclusive = "auto"
+keyboard  = "none"
+layer     = "top"
+
+[bar.slots]
+# No media module — demo 02 has no media widget at all (plan §1 table).
+# breadbar must tolerate the omission: `media_widget` is still built and
+# registered under the "media" module name (main.rs), it just never appears
+# in any of this theme's slot lists, so it's never appended anywhere.
+left   = ["workspaces"]
+centre = ["clock"]
+right  = ["cpu", "ram", "wifi", "battery", "control"]
+drawer = []
+
+[modules.workspaces]
+style      = "pill"
+show_empty = true
+
+[modules.clock]
+style     = "plain"
+format    = "%H:%M"
+show_date = true
+
+[launcher]
+# Glass Workbench — dense and technical, the deliberate opposite of Liquid
+# Motion's soft/roomy numbers: a tight panel radius, snug row insets/padding,
+# small 22px icons, a flat (no section headers) list, and a denser accent
+# selection fill. Spec: bos-ui-demos/proposed/glass-workbench.html's `.bx`
+# block. breadbox reads every key below now; see main.rs's build_css.
+mode     = "overlay"
+width    = 560
+top      = "64px"
+radius   = 10
+icon_px  = 22
+row_anim = "stagger"
+rule     = "hairline"
+footer   = "count_results"
+sections = false
+modes    = ["apps"]
+# `.bx .r { border-radius: 6px; margin: 0 6px; padding: 8px 10px }`
+row_radius       = 6
+row_inset        = 6
+row_padding_v    = 8
+row_padding_h    = 10
+# `.bx .ico { border-radius: 5px }` (paired with icon_px = 22 above)
+icon_radius      = 5
+# `.bx .q { padding: 12px 15px; font-size: 14px }`
+search_font_size = 14
+search_padding_v = 12
+search_padding_h = 15
+# `.bx .r.sel { background: rgba(accent, .28) }`
+# Panel opacity, separate from tokens.bg_alpha (the bar). Matches the
+# approved reference: demo `.bx.gw{background:rgba(16,20,18,.95)}`. breadbox hardcoded 0.60, which washed the
+# panel out over a bright wallpaper.
+panel_alpha      = 0.95
+selection_alpha  = 0.28
+
+# Same four satellite namespaces as liquid-motion, keyed identically so the
+# two manifests validate against the same [compositor.*] keyspace. Offsets
+# are liquid-motion's own numbers re-derived from this bar's actual edge
+# instead of the island's: liquid-motion's bar bottom edge sits at
+# margin.top(12) + height(44) = 56px, and its breadbar-notif/-panel top
+# offset (64) is that plus an 8px gap, while breadbar-dismiss (56) sits
+# flush against it with no gap. This bar's edge is margin.top(0) +
+# height(36) = 36px, so the same two relationships give 44 (36 + 8) and 36.
+[surfaces."breadbar-notif"]
+anchor = "top_right"
+offset = [16, 44]
+width  = 320
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-osd"]
+# Independent of bar height (an OSD pill near the bottom of the screen) —
+# unchanged from liquid-motion.
+anchor = "bottom_centre"
+offset = 80
+width  = 180
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-panel"]
+anchor = "top_right"
+offset = [16, 44]
+width  = "auto"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-dismiss"]
+anchor = "fill"
+offset = 36
+width  = "fill"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+# Appearance-only, never placement/workspace/focus (plan §12 Layer B
+# boundary) — identical to liquid-motion's rules. Blur *strength* is global
+# (plan §9 known limit), so this theme cannot independently match the demo's
+# per-surface blur radii (20px bar / 16px launcher / 22px popovers / 6px
+# window borders); only on/off, ignore_alpha and slide direction are
+# per-namespace knobs this system actually has.
+[compositor."breadbar"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+blur_popups  = true
+animation    = "slide top"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-osd"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide bottom"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-notif"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-panel"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-dismiss"]
+no_anim = true
+
+[compositor."breadbox"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+
+# No `css = "..."` overlay — compiled-in builtin, same as liquid-motion.

bread-theme/assets/shell/liquid-motion/liquid-motion.css

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/* CSS template for the liquid-motion builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs).
+ *
+ * Curly-brace placeholders like {radius_bar} or {spring} are substituted
+ * from [tokens] by ShellTheme::css / Tokens::substitute; @-prefixed palette
+ * references (@accent, @on-bg, ...) pass through untouched, exactly like
+ * `bread_theme::stylesheet()` — GTK's own @define-color mechanism resolves
+ * them when the CSS provider is attached to a display/output.
+ *
+ * Scope: this is the window/workspace/clock chrome the manifest's own
+ * concepts (bar.window, modules.workspaces, modules.clock) actually model —
+ * not a byte-for-byte copy of breadbar/src/theme.rs::load_css's full ~250
+ * lines (notification cards, wifi popover, control panel, media widget, ...).
+ * Those stay hand-written in breadbar for now; migrating them behind this
+ * same token-substitution mechanism is Phase 2/3 work (plan §6), once
+ * breadbar actually consumes ShellTheme and can verify pixel parity itself
+ * via --screenshot. Phase 1's job is the mechanism, exercised end-to-end
+ * here with a representative slice, not the full port.
+ */
+
+@keyframes row-in {
+  from { opacity: 0; margin-top: 8px; }
+  to   { opacity: 1; margin-top: 0; }
+}
+@keyframes digit-flip {
+  from { opacity: 0; margin-top: 7px; }
+  to   { opacity: 1; margin-top: 0; }
+}
+
+window.breadbar {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, {bg_alpha});
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_bar}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.08);
+}
+window.breadbar > centerbox { padding: 0 8px 0 6px; }
+window.breadbar button { min-height: 0; min-width: 0; }
+
+.workspace-trail {
+  background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, @{accent_from}, @{accent_to});
+  background-color: @{accent_from};
+  border-radius: {radius_card}px;
+}
+.workspace-btn {
+  background: transparent;
+  opacity: 0.36;
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_card}px;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  box-shadow: none;
+  min-width: 28px;
+  min-height: {chip_height}px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0 7px;
+  font-size: 22px;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  transition: opacity 0.22s {spring_settle}, background-color 0.22s {spring_settle};
+}
+.workspace-btn:hover { opacity: 0.85; background: alpha(@on-bg, 0.08); }
+.workspace-btn.occupied { opacity: 0.78; }
+.workspace-btn.active { background: transparent; color: @on-accent; opacity: 1; }
+.workspace-btn.active:hover { background: transparent; }
+.workspace-btn.ws-in { animation: row-in 0.32s {spring_settle} both; }
+
+.clock-box { padding: 0 4px; }
+.clock-label {
+  font-size: 24px;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  min-height: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin-top: 3px;
+}
+.clock-digit {
+  font-size: 24px;
+  font-weight: bold;
+  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+  min-width: 15px;
+  min-height: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  margin: 0;
+}
+.clock-colon { min-width: 10px; opacity: 0.7; }
+.clock-digit.flip { animation: digit-flip 0.45s {spring} both; }
+
+window.breadbar-osd {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, 0.70);
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_pill}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.10);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-panel {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, {bg_alpha});
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: 14px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.12);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-dismiss {
+  background-color: alpha(#000000, 0.02);
+}
+
+.bread-widget-slot { margin-right: {pad}px; }

bread-theme/assets/shell/liquid-motion/theme.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+# The compiled-in builtin theme (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs). The bar
+# side (workspaces/clock/chips/satellites) describes breadbar AS IT EXISTS
+# TODAY, not the 01-liquid-motion.html demo — where the two disagree (bar
+# side margin, the two easing curves), this file follows the current Rust
+# source, since Phase 2's acceptance test is pixel-identical rendering
+# against today's bar. The `[launcher]` table is the one exception: it now
+# follows bos-ui-demos/proposed/liquid-motion.html's `.bx` block (the
+# launcher-core redesign's spec) rather than breadbox's old, pre-redesign
+# hardcoded CSS — see that section's own note.
+#
+# Sources: breadbar/src/main.rs:16-22 (BAR_* / CHIP_HEIGHT / ICON_PX consts),
+# breadbar/src/theme.rs (load_css's radius/pad/spring locals and the actual
+# CSS selectors), breadbar/src/{panel,osd}.rs and
+# breadbar/src/notifications/{popup,history}.rs (satellite window anchors,
+# margins, namespaces), bos-ui-demos/proposed/liquid-motion.html (launcher),
+# ~/.config/hypr/scripts/ui/rules.lua (compositor rules).
+
+name = "Liquid Motion"
+id   = "liquid-motion"
+
+[tokens]
+# font_family/font_fallback are now consumed, but only by breadbox's launcher
+# panel (breadbox::main::build_css's entry.search/row font-family) — see
+# Tokens::font_family's doc comment for the exact scope. breadbar's bar/chip/
+# clock text still comes from bread_theme::stylesheet()'s own hardcoded
+# FONT_FAMILY constant, unaffected by this key. font_size_base is likewise
+# now consumed for the launcher's row font-size only.
+font_family    = "Outfit, sans-serif"
+font_fallback  = "sans-serif"
+font_size_base = 14
+radius_bar     = 16
+radius_card    = 12
+radius_sm      = 9
+# Not in the plan's §4 schema list, but a named local in theme.rs::load_css
+# alongside radius_bar/radius_card/radius_sm (`radius_pill = "999px"`) — the
+# OSD pill's corner radius.
+radius_pill    = 999
+pad            = 12
+bg_alpha       = 0.72
+# Two curves theme.rs actually uses, not one: `spring` is the overshoot/bounce
+# curve (clock flips, pop-ins, the workspace caret draw); `spring_settle` is
+# the flatter curve used for hovers and workspace/stat-pair transitions. The
+# plan's §4 example names only `spring`.
+spring         = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1)"
+spring_settle  = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1)"
+# "accent" flows through as @accent (the workspace-trail gradient's start);
+# these are palette token NAMES, not hex - pywal still drives colour.
+# Declared-but-not-yet-consumed (accent_to only): breadbar's Trail-style CSS
+# hardcodes the literal gradient `linear-gradient(90deg, @accent, @teal)`
+# instead of substituting these two tokens (it never calls
+# ShellTheme::css(), the only thing that does the substitution) — this
+# theme's "teal" is what the demo intends, not what actually renders if a
+# future theme changed it. See Tokens::accent_to's doc comment.
+accent_from    = "accent"
+accent_to      = "teal"
+# Not in the plan's §4 schema list, but breadbar::CHIP_HEIGHT / ::ICON_PX
+# today.
+chip_height    = 26
+icon_px        = 24
+
+[bar.window]
+anchors   = ["top", "left", "right"]
+width     = "fill"
+height    = 44
+# No `bottom` set here (or by either sibling builtin) — it's accepted by the
+# schema but breadbar never applies it (no set_margin(Edge::Bottom, ...)
+# call exists). See Margin::bottom's doc comment before relying on it.
+margin    = { top = 12, left = 16, right = 16 }
+exclusive = "auto"
+# breadbar never calls gtk4-layer-shell's set_keyboard_mode today, which
+# defaults to KeyboardMode::None — spelled out explicitly here rather than
+# left to omit-means-default, since "the shell must never fail to start
+# because a theme file is malformed" cuts both ways: an explicit builtin
+# value can't silently drift if the crate's own Default ever changes.
+keyboard  = "none"
+layer     = "top"
+
+[bar.slots]
+# The `widget:*` entries reproduce breadbar's pre-Phase-3b fixed Lua-widget
+# interleave exactly (main.rs's now-removed widget_right_of_workspaces /
+# widget_left_of_clock / widget_right_of_clock / widget_left_of_stats), so
+# this manifest still renders pixel-identically to today's bar. `tray`
+# deliberately has NO slot entry anywhere — it lives in the control-panel
+# popover, not the bar, and is keyed directly by breadbar regardless of
+# `[bar.slots]`.
+left   = ["workspaces", "widget:right_of_workspaces"]
+centre = ["media", "widget:left_of_clock", "clock", "widget:right_of_clock"]
+right  = ["widget:left_of_stats", "volume", "wifi", "battery", "control"]
+drawer = []
+
+[modules.workspaces]
+style      = "trail"
+show_empty = true
+
+[modules.clock]
+style     = "flip"
+# Declared-but-not-yet-consumed under style = "flip": bar::clock::time()
+# hardcodes a 24h HH:MM layout regardless of `format`; only style = "plain"
+# ever calls formatted(&format). Set here to state the layout this clock
+# actually draws, not because anything reads it. Same for show_date — only
+# ever attached to the Plain style's box.
+format    = "%H:%M"
+show_date = false
+
+[launcher]
+# Liquid Motion / Glass Workbench redesign (bos-ui-demos/proposed/
+# liquid-motion.html's `.bx` block is the spec): soft and roomy — a big
+# panel radius, generous row insets/padding, 28px icons, section headers,
+# and a translucent (not solid) accent selection fill. breadbox reads every
+# key below now; see main.rs's build_css for the consuming CSS.
+mode     = "overlay"
+width    = 600
+top      = "120px"
+radius   = 20
+icon_px  = 28
+row_anim = "flip"
+rule     = "gradient"
+footer   = "count_apps"
+sections = true
+modes    = ["apps"]
+# `.bx .r { border-radius: 12px; margin: 0 8px; padding: 10px 12px }`
+row_radius       = 12
+row_inset        = 8
+row_padding_v    = 10
+row_padding_h    = 12
+# `.bx .ico { border-radius: 9px }` (paired with icon_px = 28 above)
+icon_radius      = 9
+# `.bx .q { padding: 16px 18px; font-size: 16px }`
+search_font_size = 16
+search_padding_v = 16
+search_padding_h = 18
+# `.bx .r.sel { background: rgba(accent, .22) }`
+# Panel opacity, separate from tokens.bg_alpha (the bar). Matches the
+# approved reference: demo `.bx.lm{background:rgba(21,14,23,.93)}`. breadbox hardcoded 0.60, which washed the
+# panel out over a bright wallpaper.
+panel_alpha      = 0.93
+selection_alpha  = 0.22
+
+# Keyed by layer-shell namespace, matching [compositor.*] below, so the two
+# tables share one keyspace and can be validated against each other.
+# breadbar-notif's popup toast uses set_default_width(320) (its history
+# sibling on the same namespace uses 360 — 320 is the live-toast surface, the
+# one this positions). breadbar-panel sets no window width at all: its
+# popovers size from their own CSS (.control-panel-inner / .wifi-popover-inner
+# min-width), which is why its width is "auto" rather than a number.
+[surfaces."breadbar-notif"]
+anchor = "top_right"
+offset = [16, 64]
+width  = 320
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-osd"]
+anchor = "bottom_centre"
+offset = 80
+width  = 180
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-panel"]
+anchor = "top_right"
+offset = [16, 64]
+width  = "auto"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-dismiss"]
+# Anchored to all four edges (a fullscreen click-away scrim) with only a top
+# margin, so it starts below the bar rather than covering it.
+anchor = "fill"
+offset = 56
+width  = "fill"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+# Faithful to scripts/ui/rules.lua's five breadbar namespaces + breadbox.
+[compositor."breadbar"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+blur_popups  = true
+animation    = "slide top"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-osd"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide bottom"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-notif"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-panel"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-dismiss"]
+no_anim = true
+
+[compositor."breadbox"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+
+# No `css = "..."` overlay: the builtin is compiled in via `include_str!`
+# and has no on-disk directory to resolve a relative overlay path against.
+# `extra.css` is for user/system themes, which do have one — see
+# `resolve_theme` in mod.rs.

bread-theme/assets/shell/spotlight/spotlight.css

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/* CSS template for the spotlight builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs).
+ * Same scope and substitution rules as liquid-motion.css/glass-workbench.css:
+ * only the window/workspace/clock chrome the manifest's own concepts model.
+ *
+ * NOTE (unlike its two siblings): breadbar does not actually call
+ * `ShellTheme::css()` today — its live stylesheet is the hand-written,
+ * token-driven `breadbar::theme::load_css()`, which is where the capsule's
+ * real chrome (dots, `.launcher-entry`, `.bread-drawer`/results rows) lives.
+ * This file exists so the manifest's own template mechanism stays exercised
+ * for all three builtins equally (and so a future `bread-theme` CLI/test
+ * that DOES call `.css()` sees a real spotlight template) — see
+ * `ShellTheme::css`'s own doc comment for why that gap between "what the
+ * manifest models" and "what breadbar actually renders" is pre-existing,
+ * not new to this file.
+ *
+ * Source: bos-ui-demos/04-spotlight.html's <style> block. No trail overlay
+ * (dots never call `WorkspaceTrail::place`/`stretch`, same as pill) and no
+ * per-digit flip (`style = "none"` — no clock label markup at all).
+ */
+
+window.breadbar {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, {bg_alpha});
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_bar}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.08);
+}
+window.breadbar > box > centerbox { padding: 0 {pad}px; }
+window.breadbar button { min-height: 0; min-width: 0; }
+
+/* Dots: colour/opacity/radius only — width is per-instance data
+ * (`modules.workspaces.dot_widths`), set directly via `set_size_request` in
+ * Rust (`bar::workspaces::make_dot_button`), since GTK CSS has no
+ * per-instance variable width the way the demo's `[data-n]` attribute
+ * selectors do.
+ */
+.workspace-dot {
+  background-color: alpha(@on-bg, 0.35);
+  border-radius: {radius_pill}px;
+  border: none;
+  outline: none;
+  box-shadow: none;
+  min-height: 6px;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  transition: background-color 0.25s {spring_settle}, opacity 0.25s {spring_settle};
+}
+.workspace-dot:hover { background-color: alpha(@on-bg, 0.55); }
+.workspace-dot:not(.occupied):not(.active) { opacity: 0.35; }
+.workspace-dot.active {
+  background-color: @{accent_from};
+  opacity: 1;
+}
+.workspace-dot.active:hover { background-color: @{accent_from}; }
+
+window.breadbar-osd {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, 0.72);
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_pill}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.10);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-panel {
+  background-color: alpha(@bg, 0.86);
+  color: @on-bg;
+  border-radius: {radius_card}px;
+  border: 1px solid alpha(@on-bg, 0.12);
+}
+
+window.breadbar-dismiss {
+  background-color: alpha(#000000, 0.02);
+}
+
+.bread-widget-slot { margin-right: {pad}px; }

bread-theme/assets/shell/spotlight/theme.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# The third compiled-in builtin (bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs), demo 04
+# in THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md — "Spotlight": breadbar's bar IS the launcher, a
+# centred capsule that expands into results (plan §7). Values are taken from
+# bos-ui-demos/04-spotlight.html's <style> block; where the demo is silent
+# (satellite offsets, bar-adjacent chip sizing) this file re-derives from the
+# capsule's own top edge the same way glass-workbench re-derives from its
+# flush bar's edge — see that file's header comment for the method.
+#
+# Two exceptions, same shape as glass-workbench's: font (Outfit is not
+# installed on the dev machine, so this renders in fallback until the user
+# installs ttf-outfit — same gap liquid-motion already has) and colour (the
+# demo's #e87898 pink is a *flat* accent — `--accent` doubling as both the
+# capsule's dot fill and its only gradient stop — so it maps to the
+# palette's `pink` token for both accent_from and accent_to, never a literal
+# hex value).
+#
+# Phase 6c (this pass): query modes (`=` calc, `>` command, `.` url) and
+# result sections ("recent"/"apps") are now implemented — `modes` lists all
+# four and `sections` is `true`. The demo's `.searching .capsule` state
+# (480px -> 520px width, 22px -> 20px radius) is modeled via two new
+# `[launcher]` keys, `search_width`/`search_radius`, read only by
+# `LauncherMode::Embedded` hosts (breadbar's capsule; unread by breadbox's
+# overlay window, which stays `mode = "overlay"`).
+
+name = "Spotlight"
+id   = "spotlight"
+
+[tokens]
+# Declared-but-not-yet-consumed: see liquid-motion/theme.toml's identical
+# note next to these three keys — neither breadbar nor breadbox reads them.
+font_family    = "Outfit"
+font_fallback  = "Varela Round, sans-serif"
+font_size_base = 13
+radius_bar     = 22
+radius_card    = 12
+radius_sm      = 8
+radius_pill    = 999
+pad            = 14
+# Demo: `background: color-mix(in oklab, var(--glass) 82%, transparent)`.
+bg_alpha       = 0.82
+# The demo's one curve (`--spring: cubic-bezier(.22,1.35,.36,1)`) — the same
+# overshoot liquid-motion calls `spring`. No separate flatter "settle" curve
+# is defined in 04's stylesheet, so both accessors point at it, same
+# reasoning as glass-workbench's single-curve tokens.
+spring         = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1)"
+spring_settle  = "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1)"
+# Palette token NAMES, not hex — #e87898 is this palette's `pink`. Equal
+# from/to because the demo's accent here is flat, not liquid-motion's
+# accent→teal gradient. accent_from IS read (the dots' active fill,
+# theme.rs); accent_to is declared-but-not-yet-consumed, same as every
+# other theme's — see Tokens::accent_to's doc comment.
+accent_from    = "pink"
+accent_to      = "pink"
+# Demo: `.barrow { height: 36px }` with no separate workspace-chip height —
+# the dots (`.dots button`) are sized entirely by `dot_widths` below, not by
+# chip_height, but this token still feeds any other chip-shaped element
+# (e.g. a future result-row affordance) at the bar's own row height.
+chip_height    = 22
+# Demo: `.ico { width: 30px; height: 30px }` for a result row's icon
+# swatch — the icon glyph itself sits inside that box with implicit
+# padding, so the icon_px passed to bread-launcher's `ResultsList` is sized
+# a little under the swatch box, same margin glass-workbench leaves between
+# its 18px icon_px and larger chip_height.
+icon_px        = 22
+# Floating centred capsule, full rounded border on every edge — same
+# reasoning as liquid-motion's island, not glass-workbench's flush bar.
+bar_border     = "full"
+
+[bar.window]
+# Anchored top ONLY: gtk4-layer-shell centres a surface anchored to
+# neither left nor right (THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md §7) — this is what makes the
+# capsule float centred instead of spanning the screen width.
+anchors   = ["top"]
+width     = 480
+height    = 36
+margin    = { top = 16 }
+# No exclusive zone: tiled clients run full-height behind the capsule,
+# unlike Island/Edge's reserved strip — the capsule floats over content.
+exclusive = "none"
+# Hands keyboard focus over only while `launcher_entry` holds it (plan §7)
+# — Island/Edge themes keep "none", unchanged.
+keyboard  = "on_demand"
+layer     = "top"
+
+[bar.slots]
+left   = ["workspaces"]
+centre = ["launcher_entry"]
+# `widget:left_of_stats` (Phase 6c decision, see task notes): a Lua widget
+# that requests this same placement (`bread-shared`'s `WidgetPlacement::
+# LeftOfStats`, e.g. a real user's `git-branch-widget.lua`) would otherwise
+# be silently undeliverable under spotlight — no `[bar.slots]` entry named
+# any `widget:*` key at all, so `reconcile_widgets` drops it every time
+# (quietly, since the Phase 6b fix, but still dropped). Deliberately just
+# this one alias, not all five liquid-motion carries: spotlight has no
+# clock module to anchor `left_of_clock`/`right_of_clock` against and no
+# workspace-adjacent affordance next to its compact dots, so adding those
+# would clutter a launcher-focused capsule with slots nothing here asks
+# for. `left_of_stats` sits right where `battery` already does, matching
+# liquid-motion's own ordering (`widget:left_of_stats` before its module).
+right  = ["widget:left_of_stats", "battery"]
+drawer = ["launcher_results"]
+
+[modules.workspaces]
+style      = "dots"
+show_empty = true
+# 0/1/2/3-or-more open windows → dot width in px
+# (`04-spotlight.html`'s `.dots button[data-n="N"]` rules).
+dot_widths = [8, 13, 17, 22]
+
+[modules.clock]
+# No clock label at all — `launcher_entry`'s placeholder IS the clock
+# (`04-spotlight.html`: `q.placeholder = t` in `clock()`, replaced by the
+# search prompt only once focused/open).
+style             = "none"
+# Declared-but-not-yet-consumed under style = "none": no clock module is
+# built at all, so there's no format/date to apply this to — see
+# ClockModule::format's doc comment. Kept for the same "state actual design
+# intent" reason as liquid-motion's Flip-style note.
+format            = "%H:%M"
+show_date         = false
+placeholder_clock = true
+
+[launcher]
+mode     = "embedded"
+# Unread by an embedded launcher (breadbar's launcher_entry/launcher_results
+# read [bar.window].width and this table's radius/icon_px instead of
+# width/top — those two fields exist only for LauncherMode::Overlay, which
+# breadbox's own window still uses). Kept at the bar's own width/22px radius
+# for consistency with a reader who expects [launcher] to describe the
+# launcher's shape regardless of mode.
+width    = 480
+top      = "16px"
+radius   = 22
+icon_px  = 22
+row_anim = "none"
+rule     = "none"
+footer   = "count_apps"
+# Phase 6c: "recent" / "apps" headers in the idle (empty-query) drawer view
+# — `bread_launcher::split_sections` groups the same already-loaded/sorted
+# entries `LaunchHistory`'s counts already rank, no new tracking needed.
+sections = true
+# `04-spotlight.html`'s three prefixes: `=` calc, `>` command, `.` url —
+# `bread_launcher::parse_query`/`eval_calc`/`filter_commands` implement the
+# pure logic; breadbar's capsule wiring (main.rs) gates on this list so an
+# unlisted prefix character just falls through to a literal "apps" query.
+modes    = ["apps", "calc", "cmd", "url"]
+# `04-spotlight.html`: `.searching .capsule { width: 520px; border-radius:
+# 20px }` vs the idle 480px/22px above — animated via
+# `bread_theme::anim::spring_to` (width) and a `.searching` CSS class
+# (radius) in breadbar's capsule wiring.
+search_width  = 520
+search_radius = 20
+
+# Same five satellite namespaces as liquid-motion/glass-workbench, keyed
+# identically. This bar's edge sits at margin.top(16) + height(36) = 52px —
+# re-deriving glass-workbench's own edge+8/edge relationship (44 = 36+8,
+# 36 = 36) against 52 gives 60 (52+8) and 52.
+[surfaces."breadbar-notif"]
+anchor = "top_right"
+offset = [16, 60]
+width  = 320
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-osd"]
+# Independent of bar height — unchanged from liquid-motion/glass-workbench.
+anchor = "bottom_centre"
+offset = 80
+width  = 180
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-panel"]
+anchor = "top_right"
+offset = [16, 60]
+width  = "auto"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+[surfaces."breadbar-dismiss"]
+anchor = "fill"
+offset = 52
+width  = "fill"
+layer  = "overlay"
+
+# Appearance-only, identical in shape to liquid-motion/glass-workbench's
+# rules — blur strength is still global (plan §9 known limit).
+[compositor."breadbar"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.18
+blur_popups  = true
+animation    = "slide top"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-osd"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide bottom"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-notif"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-panel"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+animation    = "slide right"
+
+[compositor."breadbar-dismiss"]
+no_anim = true
+
+[compositor."breadbox"]
+blur         = true
+ignore_alpha = 0.2
+
+# No `css = "..."` overlay — compiled-in builtin, same as its two siblings.

bread-theme/src/adw.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//! Composite libadwaita widgets for the bread ecosystem's design system —
+//! the actual mechanism (real GNOME-style widgets, not more hand-rolled CSS)
+//! behind why bos-settings' sidebar/section/toggle rows read as more polished
+//! than the plain-GTK4 apps'. An app calls these instead of assembling boxes
+//! and labels and raw widgets from scratch each time, so spacing/sizing/
+//! grouping decisions get made once, correctly, here — not re-derived per
+//! screen.
+//!
+//! Not usable from the five `gtk4-layer-shell` apps (breadbar, breadbox,
+//! breadclip, breadsearch, breadpad): `AdwApplicationWindow`'s own chrome
+//! isn't compatible with a layer-shell surface, and these helpers assume an
+//! ordinary top-level window. Apps with a plain top-level window (breadman,
+//! breadhelp) can use the full set.
+
+use libadwaita as adw;
+use adw::prelude::*;
+
+/// Call once at startup, before building any widgets from this module —
+/// initializes libadwaita's style manager and forces dark mode regardless of
+/// the system GTK theme preference. bread-theme's whole design is a *fixed*
+/// dark base (only the accent tracks pywal — see `palette::FIXED_BACKGROUND`
+/// etc.) so an app respecting a light system preference here would silently
+/// break that contract the moment someone's GNOME settings say "light".
+pub fn init() {
+    adw::init().expect("failed to initialize libadwaita");
+    adw::StyleManager::default().set_color_scheme(adw::ColorScheme::ForceDark);
+}
+
+/// A titled, optionally-described group of setting rows — the
+/// title-then-description-then-rows rhythm bos-settings already uses per
+/// section, now available to native GTK4/relm4 apps instead of a hand-rolled
+/// vbox with a bold label glued to the top.
+pub fn preferences_group(title: &str, description: Option<&str>) -> adw::PreferencesGroup {
+    let group = adw::PreferencesGroup::builder().title(title).build();
+    if let Some(desc) = description {
+        group.set_description(Some(desc));
+    }
+    group
+}
+
+/// A single on/off setting row with a correctly-sized, correctly-positioned
+/// switch — the direct fix for the ~1400px-wide stretched-switch bug
+/// (breadman/settings had no intrinsic width on its hand-rolled switch, so
+/// it filled the row like a progress bar).
+pub fn toggle_row(title: &str, subtitle: Option<&str>, active: bool) -> adw::SwitchRow {
+    let row = adw::SwitchRow::builder().title(title).active(active).build();
+    if let Some(sub) = subtitle {
+        row.set_subtitle(sub);
+    }
+    row
+}
+
+/// A single numeric setting row (spin button docked to its own label,
+/// instead of stranded ~1300px away at the window's far edge).
+pub fn spin_row(title: &str, subtitle: Option<&str>, adjustment: &gtk4::Adjustment) -> adw::SpinRow {
+    let row = adw::SpinRow::builder().title(title).adjustment(adjustment).build();
+    if let Some(sub) = subtitle {
+        row.set_subtitle(sub);
+    }
+    row
+}
+
+/// A general label(+subtitle) row with room for a trailing widget
+/// (`row.add_suffix(&widget)`) — for settings that don't fit switch/spin
+/// (text entries, buttons, dropdowns, a raw value display).
+pub fn action_row(title: &str, subtitle: Option<&str>) -> adw::ActionRow {
+    let row = adw::ActionRow::builder().title(title).build();
+    if let Some(sub) = subtitle {
+        row.set_subtitle(sub);
+    }
+    row
+}
+
+/// A page of one or more `preferences_group`s, with correct margins and
+/// scroll handling — the top-level content container for a settings screen.
+pub fn preferences_page() -> adw::PreferencesPage {
+    adw::PreferencesPage::new()
+}

bread-theme/src/anim.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//! `anim::spring_to` — THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md §7/§8: GTK4 has no CSS
+//! width/height transition on a widget or a layer-shell surface (unlike the
+//! demos' `transition: width .45s var(--spring)` /
+//! `transition: max-height .4s var(--spring)`), so a size change that wants
+//! to animate has to interpolate a plain integer over the frame clock
+//! instead and re-apply it (`set_size_request`, `set_default_width`, ...)
+//! every frame.
+//!
+//! This is the same house technique `breadbar::bar::workspaces::WorkspaceTrail`
+//! already uses for the workspace trail's stretch/snap (a local, un-exported
+//! `ease`/`ease_overshoot` pair driven by `add_tick_callback` and
+//! `Instant::elapsed`) — lifted here, generalized to a plain `i32 -> i32`
+//! interpolation with a caller-supplied frame callback, so theme 04's
+//! capsule-drawer expand/collapse (and any future popover that wants the
+//! same effect) doesn't have to reimplement it.
+
+use gtk4::glib::ControlFlow;
+use gtk4::prelude::*;
+
+/// Approximates `cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1)` — the overshoot/"spring"
+/// curve every builtin theme's `tokens.spring` names (`Tokens::spring`'s own
+/// default). Not a literal bezier solve (same approximation
+/// `bar::workspaces::ease_overshoot` uses) — exact enough that the eye can't
+/// tell it apart from the real curve at animation speeds.
+fn spring_ease(t: f64) -> f64 {
+    let t = t.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    let c = 1.35;
+    let t1 = t - 1.0;
+    1.0 + t1 * t1 * ((c + 1.0) * t1 + c)
+}
+
+/// One frame's worth of `spring_to`'s interpolation math — split out from
+/// the tick callback below purely so it has a name a unit test can call
+/// directly instead of re-deriving the same arithmetic.
+///
+/// `spring_ease` is a backOut curve that legitimately overshoots past 1.0
+/// (peaks ~1.065) partway through the run — fine for a growing animation
+/// (`to` > `from`), but on a *shrink* (`from` > `to`, e.g. a drawer
+/// collapsing to 0) that overshoot drives the raw interpolated value BELOW
+/// `to`, which can go negative for a size request and trip GTK's
+/// `height >= -1` assertion. Clamping here, once, protects every caller
+/// automatically instead of relying on each call site to remember
+/// `h.max(0)` — this already bit breadbar once (see
+/// `breadbar::main::animate_drawer_height`'s own clamp, now
+/// redundant-but-harmless defense in depth on top of this).
+fn frame_value(from: i32, to: i32, t: f64) -> i32 {
+    let eased = spring_ease(t);
+    let value = from as f64 + (to - from) as f64 * eased;
+    let lo = from.min(to) as f64;
+    let hi = from.max(to) as f64;
+    value.clamp(lo, hi).round() as i32
+}
+
+/// Interpolates from `from` to `to` over `duration_ms`, calling `on_frame`
+/// with each intermediate value (and, on the final tick, the exact `to` —
+/// never an off-by-rounding near-miss) via `widget`'s frame clock.
+///
+/// Returns the [`gtk4::TickCallbackId`] so a caller that might need to
+/// interrupt an in-flight run (e.g. the drawer re-opening before its close
+/// animation finished) can `.remove()` it early; a run left to finish on its
+/// own needs no cleanup — the callback self-terminates by returning
+/// [`ControlFlow::Break`] once `duration_ms` has elapsed, same as
+/// `WorkspaceTrail`'s own tick callbacks.
+pub fn spring_to(
+    widget: &impl IsA<gtk4::Widget>,
+    from: i32,
+    to: i32,
+    duration_ms: f64,
+    on_frame: impl FnMut(i32) + 'static,
+) -> gtk4::TickCallbackId {
+    let started = std::time::Instant::now();
+    // `add_tick_callback` requires `Fn`, not `FnMut` — the caller's frame
+    // closure almost always needs to mutate captured state (a widget's size
+    // request, an `Rc<Cell<..>>` flag), so it's boxed behind a `RefCell`
+    // here rather than pushing `Cell`/`RefCell` plumbing onto every call
+    // site (every current and future caller wants `FnMut`, none want `Fn`).
+    let on_frame = std::cell::RefCell::new(on_frame);
+    widget.add_tick_callback(move |_, _| {
+        let elapsed = started.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1000.0;
+        let mut on_frame = on_frame.borrow_mut();
+        if elapsed >= duration_ms {
+            on_frame(to);
+            return ControlFlow::Break;
+        }
+        on_frame(frame_value(from, to, elapsed / duration_ms));
+        ControlFlow::Continue
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Samples [`frame_value`] — the exact function `spring_to`'s tick
+    /// callback calls every frame — across the full `t` timeline at fine
+    /// granularity, bypassing the real frame clock (which needs a running
+    /// main loop the test environment doesn't have).
+    fn sample_all_frames(from: i32, to: i32) -> Vec<i32> {
+        let steps = 2000;
+        (0..=steps)
+            .map(|i| frame_value(from, to, i as f64 / steps as f64))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn spring_ease_overshoots_past_one_for_a_backout_curve() {
+        // Sanity check on the premise: without a clamp, a shrink would
+        // legitimately go negative around this point in the curve.
+        assert!(spring_ease(0.8) > 1.0, "expected overshoot past 1.0");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn shrink_never_emits_a_value_outside_the_from_to_range() {
+        // from > to (a drawer collapsing to 0) is exactly the case the
+        // unclamped overshoot could drive negative.
+        for value in sample_all_frames(480, 0) {
+            assert!(
+                (0..=480).contains(&value),
+                "shrink emitted {value}, outside [0, 480]"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn grow_never_emits_a_value_outside_the_from_to_range() {
+        for value in sample_all_frames(0, 480) {
+            assert!(
+                (0..=480).contains(&value),
+                "grow emitted {value}, outside [0, 480]"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn zero_span_never_clamps_outside_the_single_point() {
+        // from == to: lo == hi == that point for every t, including past
+        // the overshoot peak.
+        for value in sample_all_frames(120, 120) {
+            assert_eq!(value, 120);
+        }
+    }
+}

bread-theme/src/bin/bread-theme.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 //!                           # signal every running bread GUI to recolour
 //!   bread-theme path       # print the stylesheet path
 //!   bread-theme print      # render to stdout (no write)
+//!   bread-theme generate-output <OUTPUT> --image <PATH> [--shared]
+//!   bread-theme generate-output <OUTPUT> --from-json <PATH> [--shared]
+//!   bread-theme layerrules  # write the active theme's [compositor] table
+//!                           # to ~/.config/hypr/layerrules.json (plan §9)
 
 use std::process::ExitCode;
 
@@ -25,6 +29,179 @@ fn write_and_report(verb: &str) -> ExitCode {
     }
 }
 
+fn print_help_to(mut w: impl std::io::Write) {
+    let _ = write!(
+        &mut w,
+        "bread-theme — shared stylesheet generator\n\n\
+         USAGE:\n\
+         \x20 bread-theme [generate|reload|path|print|layerrules]\n\
+         \x20 bread-theme generate-output <OUTPUT> --image <PATH> [--shared]\n\
+         \x20 bread-theme generate-output <OUTPUT> --from-json <WAL-OR-PALETTE.json> [--shared]\n\n\
+         generate          render the pywal palette to the shared stylesheet (default)\n\
+         reload            re-render and signal running bread GUIs to recolour live\n\
+         path              print the stylesheet path ({})\n\
+         print             render to stdout without writing\n\
+         generate-output   write palettes/<OUTPUT>.json and themes/<OUTPUT>.css\n\
+         \x20                --image      isolated `wal -i` (does not touch ~/.cache/wal)\n\
+         \x20                --from-json  wal colors.json or a color1-6 object\n\
+         \x20                --shared     also write the session-global theme.css\n\
+         layerrules        write the active shell theme's [compositor] table to\n\
+         \x20                {} —\n\
+         \x20                scripts/ui/rules.lua reads it for per-namespace blur/\n\
+         \x20                animation, falling back to its hardcoded rules if this\n\
+         \x20                is missing or malformed",
+        bread_theme::shared_css_path().display(),
+        bread_theme::layerrules_path().display()
+    );
+}
+
+/// Usage/help text. Explicitly requested help (`--help`/`-h`) goes to
+/// **stdout** so it can be piped/grepped; the same text on an error path
+/// (e.g. `generate-output` with no args) goes to stderr via
+/// [`print_help_err`].
+fn print_help() {
+    print_help_to(std::io::stdout());
+}
+
+fn print_help_err() {
+    print_help_to(std::io::stderr());
+}
+
+fn generate_output_cmd() -> ExitCode {
+    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().skip(2).collect();
+    if args.iter().any(|a| matches!(a.as_str(), "-h" | "--help" | "help")) {
+        print_help();
+        return ExitCode::SUCCESS;
+    }
+    if args.is_empty() {
+        // Missing arguments is an error, not a help request — usage goes to
+        // stderr.
+        print_help_err();
+        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    let output = args[0].as_str();
+    if output.starts_with('-') {
+        eprintln!("bread-theme: generate-output requires an OUTPUT name (got '{output}')");
+        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    let mut image: Option<&str> = None;
+    let mut from_json: Option<&str> = None;
+    let mut shared = false;
+    let mut i = 1;
+    while i < args.len() {
+        match args[i].as_str() {
+            "--shared" => shared = true,
+            "--image" => {
+                i += 1;
+                match args.get(i) {
+                    Some(p) => image = Some(p.as_str()),
+                    None => {
+                        eprintln!("bread-theme: --image requires a path");
+                        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            "--from-json" => {
+                i += 1;
+                match args.get(i) {
+                    Some(p) => from_json = Some(p.as_str()),
+                    None => {
+                        eprintln!("bread-theme: --from-json requires a path");
+                        return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            other => {
+                eprintln!("bread-theme: unknown generate-output flag '{other}'");
+                return ExitCode::FAILURE;
+            }
+        }
+        i += 1;
+    }
+
+    match (image, from_json) {
+        (Some(_), Some(_)) => {
+            eprintln!("bread-theme: pass only one of --image or --from-json");
+            ExitCode::FAILURE
+        }
+        (None, None) => {
+            eprintln!("bread-theme: generate-output needs --image <PATH> or --from-json <PATH>");
+            ExitCode::FAILURE
+        }
+        (Some(path), None) => {
+            match bread_theme::generate_output(output, std::path::Path::new(path)) {
+                Ok(css) => finish_generate_output(output, css, shared),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    eprintln!("bread-theme: generate-output failed: {e}");
+                    ExitCode::FAILURE
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        (None, Some(path)) => match write_output_from_json(output, path, shared) {
+            Ok(()) => ExitCode::SUCCESS,
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("bread-theme: generate-output failed: {e}");
+                ExitCode::FAILURE
+            }
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn write_output_from_json(output: &str, json_path: &str, shared: bool) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let json = std::fs::read_to_string(json_path)?;
+    let palette = bread_theme::palette_from_json(&json).ok_or_else(|| {
+        std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            format!("could not parse palette JSON: {json_path}"),
+        )
+    })?;
+    let pal_path = bread_theme::write_output_palette(output, &palette)?;
+    let css_path = bread_theme::write_output_css(output, &palette)?;
+    eprintln!(
+        "bread-theme: wrote {} and {}",
+        pal_path.display(),
+        css_path.display()
+    );
+    if shared {
+        let shared_path = bread_theme::write_shared_css_from(&palette)?;
+        eprintln!("bread-theme: wrote shared {}", shared_path.display());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn finish_generate_output(output: &str, css: std::path::PathBuf, shared: bool) -> ExitCode {
+    eprintln!("bread-theme: wrote {}", css.display());
+    if shared {
+        match bread_theme::write_shared_css_from(&bread_theme::load_palette_for(output)) {
+            Ok(path) => {
+                eprintln!("bread-theme: wrote shared {}", path.display());
+                ExitCode::SUCCESS
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("bread-theme: failed to write shared stylesheet: {e}");
+                ExitCode::FAILURE
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        ExitCode::SUCCESS
+    }
+}
+
+fn layerrules_cmd() -> ExitCode {
+    match bread_theme::write_layerrules_active() {
+        Ok(path) => {
+            eprintln!("bread-theme: wrote {}", path.display());
+            ExitCode::SUCCESS
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("bread-theme: failed to write layer rules: {e}");
+            ExitCode::FAILURE
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn main() -> ExitCode {
     let cmd = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_else(|| "generate".into());
     match cmd.as_str() {
@@ -42,20 +219,16 @@ fn main() -> ExitCode {
         // the file monitor in every running bread GUI, so they all re-read the
         // palette and recolour live — shared widgets *and* each app's own rules.
         "reload" => write_and_report("reloaded"),
+        "generate-output" => generate_output_cmd(),
+        "layerrules" => layerrules_cmd(),
         "-h" | "--help" | "help" => {
-            eprintln!(
-                "bread-theme — shared stylesheet generator\n\n\
-                 USAGE:\n  bread-theme [generate|reload|path|print]\n\n\
-                 generate  render the pywal palette to the shared stylesheet (default)\n\
-                 reload    re-render and signal running bread GUIs to recolour live\n\
-                 path      print the stylesheet path ({})\n\
-                 print     render to stdout without writing",
-                bread_theme::shared_css_path().display()
-            );
+            print_help();
             ExitCode::SUCCESS
         }
         other => {
-            eprintln!("bread-theme: unknown command '{other}' (try generate|reload|path|print)");
+            eprintln!(
+                "bread-theme: unknown command '{other}' (try generate|reload|path|print|generate-output|layerrules)"
+            );
             ExitCode::FAILURE
         }
     }

bread-theme/src/gtk.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,22 @@
+use gtk4::gdk::prelude::*;
 use gtk4::gio;
+use gtk4::glib::object::ObjectType;
 use gtk4::prelude::*;
 use gtk4::CssProvider;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::path::Path;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use crate::Palette;
+
+/// Per-widget app-CSS builder: given the resolved palette for the widget's
+/// monitor, produce the app stylesheet to layer on top of the theme CSS.
+type AppCssBuilder = Rc<dyn Fn(&Palette) -> String>;
+
+/// Above APPLICATION (600) so we beat [`apply_shared`], below USER (800)
+/// so `apply_user_css` still wins.
+const BIND_PRIORITY: u32 = gtk4::STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_USER - 10;
 
 thread_local! {
     static SHARED_PROVIDER: RefCell<Option<CssProvider>> = const { RefCell::new(None) };
@@ -14,8 +28,7 @@ thread_local! {
 }
 
 fn reload_shared() {
-    let css = std::fs::read_to_string(crate::shared_css_path())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_| crate::render());
+    let css = std::fs::read_to_string(crate::shared_css_path()).unwrap_or_else(|_| crate::render());
     SHARED_PROVIDER.with(|cell| apply_css(&css, cell));
 }
 
@@ -114,6 +127,345 @@ pub fn apply_css(css: &str, provider: &RefCell<Option<CssProvider>>) {
     }
 }
 
+/// A filter/tag chip using the shared `.chip` stylesheet rule (an
+/// `@overlay`-filled pill, `@accent`-filled when the `active` CSS class is
+/// set) instead of a fresh literal color — this is the fix for the same
+/// component drifting to three different fills across breadclip (grey),
+/// breadpad, and breadman (both cream), none of which agreed with each
+/// other or with the shared token.
+pub fn chip(label: &str) -> gtk4::Button {
+    gtk4::Button::builder()
+        .label(label)
+        .css_classes(["chip"])
+        .build()
+}
+
+/// Toggles a chip's (or any widget's) `active` CSS class — the `.chip.active`
+/// stylesheet rule fills it with the accent instead of the neutral overlay.
+/// Wiring *when* a chip becomes active (single-select filter, multi-select
+/// tags, etc.) is genuinely per-app, so that stays the caller's job; this is
+/// just the one-line visual toggle every case needs.
+pub fn set_chip_active(chip: &impl IsA<gtk4::Widget>, active: bool) {
+    if active {
+        chip.add_css_class("active");
+    } else {
+        chip.remove_css_class("active");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Gdk connector for the monitor currently showing this widget, if any.
+pub fn output_for_widget(widget: &impl IsA<gtk4::Widget>) -> Option<String> {
+    let widget = widget.as_ref();
+    let native = widget.native()?;
+    let surface = NativeExt::surface(&native)?;
+    let monitor = widget.display().monitor_at_surface(&surface)?;
+    monitor.connector().map(|c| c.to_string())
+}
+
+struct WidgetBind {
+    output: String,
+    theme: CssProvider,
+    app: Option<CssProvider>,
+    app_build: Option<AppCssBuilder>,
+    /// Keep the directory monitor + child model alive for this widget.
+    _watch: Option<gio::ListModel>,
+}
+
+thread_local! {
+    static BINDS: RefCell<HashMap<usize, WidgetBind>> = RefCell::new(HashMap::new());
+    static THEMES_MONITOR: RefCell<Option<gio::FileMonitor>> = const { RefCell::new(None) };
+    static DESTROY_HOOKED: RefCell<HashSet<usize>> = RefCell::new(HashSet::new());
+    static AUTO_HOOKED: RefCell<HashSet<usize>> = RefCell::new(HashSet::new());
+    static ENTER_HOOKED: RefCell<HashSet<usize>> = RefCell::new(HashSet::new());
+}
+
+fn widget_key(widget: &gtk4::Widget) -> usize {
+    widget.as_ptr() as usize
+}
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+fn add_widget_provider(widget: &gtk4::Widget, provider: &CssProvider, prio: u32) {
+    widget.style_context().add_provider(provider, prio);
+}
+
+/// Same `CssProvider` on the widget and its current descendants so component
+/// rules actually reach buttons/labels (a style-context provider is not
+/// inherited by children).
+fn attach_tree(widget: &gtk4::Widget, theme: &CssProvider, app: Option<&CssProvider>) {
+    add_widget_provider(widget, theme, BIND_PRIORITY);
+    if let Some(app) = app {
+        add_widget_provider(widget, app, BIND_PRIORITY + 1);
+    }
+    let mut child = widget.first_child();
+    while let Some(c) = child {
+        attach_tree(&c, theme, app);
+        child = c.next_sibling();
+    }
+}
+
+fn ensure_destroy_cleanup(widget: &gtk4::Widget) {
+    let key = widget_key(widget);
+    let inserted = DESTROY_HOOKED.with(|s| s.borrow_mut().insert(key));
+    if !inserted {
+        return;
+    }
+    widget.connect_destroy(move |w| {
+        let key = widget_key(w);
+        BINDS.with(|b| {
+            b.borrow_mut().remove(&key);
+        });
+        DESTROY_HOOKED.with(|s| {
+            s.borrow_mut().remove(&key);
+        });
+        AUTO_HOOKED.with(|s| {
+            s.borrow_mut().remove(&key);
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+fn ensure_themes_watch() {
+    THEMES_MONITOR.with(|cell| {
+        if cell.borrow().is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let dir = crate::themes_dir();
+        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir);
+        let monitor = gio::File::for_path(&dir)
+            .monitor_directory(gio::FileMonitorFlags::WATCH_MOVES, gio::Cancellable::NONE)
+            .ok();
+        if let Some(ref m) = monitor {
+            m.connect_changed(move |_, file, other, _event| {
+                let path = file.path().or_else(|| other.and_then(|f| f.path()));
+                let Some(path) = path else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                if path.extension().and_then(|e| e.to_str()) != Some("css") {
+                    return;
+                }
+                let Some(stem) = path.file_stem().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) else {
+                    return;
+                };
+                reload_binds_for_sanitized(stem);
+            });
+        }
+        *cell.borrow_mut() = monitor;
+    });
+}
+
+fn reload_binds_for_sanitized(sanitized: &str) {
+    BINDS.with(|binds| {
+        for bind in binds.borrow_mut().values_mut() {
+            if crate::sanitize_output(&bind.output) != sanitized {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let palette = crate::load_palette_for(&bind.output);
+            bind.theme
+                .load_from_string(&crate::stylesheet_resolved(&palette));
+            if let (Some(build), Some(provider)) = (&bind.app_build, &bind.app) {
+                provider.load_from_string(&crate::resolve_color_names(&build(&palette), &palette));
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn watch_root_children(widget: &gtk4::Widget) -> gio::ListModel {
+    let model = widget.observe_children();
+    let root = widget.downgrade();
+    model.connect_items_changed(move |_, _, _, _| {
+        let Some(root) = root.upgrade() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        let key = widget_key(&root);
+        BINDS.with(|binds| {
+            if let Some(bind) = binds.borrow().get(&key) {
+                attach_tree(&root, &bind.theme, bind.app.as_ref());
+            }
+        });
+    });
+    model
+}
+
+fn bind_window_inner(
+    widget: &gtk4::Widget,
+    output: &str,
+    app_build: Option<AppCssBuilder>,
+) {
+    let key = widget_key(widget);
+    let palette = crate::load_palette_for(output);
+    let theme_css = crate::stylesheet_resolved(&palette);
+    let app_css = app_build
+        .as_ref()
+        .map(|build| crate::resolve_color_names(&build(&palette), &palette));
+
+    BINDS.with(|binds| {
+        let mut map = binds.borrow_mut();
+        if let Some(existing) = map.get_mut(&key) {
+            existing.output = output.to_string();
+            existing.theme.load_from_string(&theme_css);
+            existing.app_build = app_build.clone();
+            match (&app_css, existing.app.as_ref()) {
+                (Some(css), Some(p)) => p.load_from_string(css),
+                (Some(css), None) => {
+                    let p = CssProvider::new();
+                    p.load_from_string(css);
+                    add_widget_provider(widget, &p, BIND_PRIORITY + 1);
+                    existing.app = Some(p);
+                }
+                (None, Some(p)) => p.load_from_string(""),
+                (None, None) => {}
+            }
+            attach_tree(widget, &existing.theme, existing.app.as_ref());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let theme = CssProvider::new();
+        theme.load_from_string(&theme_css);
+        add_widget_provider(widget, &theme, BIND_PRIORITY);
+
+        let app = app_css.map(|css| {
+            let p = CssProvider::new();
+            p.load_from_string(&css);
+            add_widget_provider(widget, &p, BIND_PRIORITY + 1);
+            p
+        });
+
+        attach_tree(widget, &theme, app.as_ref());
+
+        let child_model = watch_root_children(widget);
+        map.insert(
+            key,
+            WidgetBind {
+                output: output.to_string(),
+                theme,
+                app,
+                app_build,
+                _watch: Some(child_model),
+            },
+        );
+    });
+
+    ensure_destroy_cleanup(widget);
+    ensure_themes_watch();
+    ensure_map_reattach(widget);
+}
+
+fn ensure_map_reattach(widget: &gtk4::Widget) {
+    // `connect_map` once per widget — re-bind already lives in BINDS.
+    thread_local! {
+        static MAP_HOOKED: RefCell<HashSet<usize>> = RefCell::new(HashSet::new());
+    }
+    let key = widget_key(widget);
+    let inserted = MAP_HOOKED.with(|s| s.borrow_mut().insert(key));
+    if !inserted {
+        return;
+    }
+    widget.connect_map(|w| {
+        BINDS.with(|binds| {
+            if let Some(bind) = binds.borrow().get(&widget_key(w)) {
+                attach_tree(w, &bind.theme, bind.app.as_ref());
+            }
+        });
+    });
+    widget.connect_destroy(move |_| {
+        MAP_HOOKED.with(|s| {
+            s.borrow_mut().remove(&key);
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+/// Attach a widget-level `CssProvider` with
+/// `stylesheet_resolved(load_palette_for(output))` above APPLICATION so it
+/// beats [`apply_shared`] for this widget tree. User CSS still wins.
+/// Calling again on the same widget replaces the provider; it does not stack.
+pub fn bind_window(widget: &impl IsA<gtk4::Widget>, output: &str) {
+    bind_window_inner(widget.as_ref(), output, None);
+}
+
+/// [`bind_window`], then also apply `build(&palette)` on the same widget.
+/// App CSS may still use `@accent` etc.; those names are inlined against
+/// the same palette before loading.
+pub fn bind_window_with_app_css<F>(widget: &impl IsA<gtk4::Widget>, output: &str, build: F)
+where
+    F: Fn(&Palette) -> String + 'static,
+{
+    bind_window_inner(widget.as_ref(), output, Some(Rc::new(build)));
+}
+
+fn attach_enter_monitor(widget: &gtk4::Widget, build: Option<AppCssBuilder>) {
+    let Some(native) = widget.native() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let Some(surface) = NativeExt::surface(&native) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let surf_key = surface.as_ptr() as usize;
+    let already = ENTER_HOOKED.with(|s| !s.borrow_mut().insert(surf_key));
+    if already {
+        return;
+    }
+    let widget = widget.clone();
+    surface.connect_enter_monitor(move |_, monitor| {
+        let Some(conn) = monitor.connector() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        bind_window_inner(&widget, conn.as_str(), build.clone());
+    });
+}
+
+fn bind_auto(native: &gtk4::Native, build: Option<AppCssBuilder>) {
+    let widget = native.upcast_ref::<gtk4::Widget>().clone();
+
+    let apply = {
+        let widget = widget.clone();
+        let build = build.clone();
+        Rc::new(move || {
+            if let Some(output) = output_for_widget(&widget) {
+                bind_window_inner(&widget, &output, build.clone());
+            }
+        })
+    };
+
+    apply();
+
+    let key = widget_key(&widget);
+    let inserted = AUTO_HOOKED.with(|s| s.borrow_mut().insert(key));
+    if inserted {
+        widget.connect_realize({
+            let apply = apply.clone();
+            let widget = widget.clone();
+            let build = build.clone();
+            move |_| {
+                apply();
+                attach_enter_monitor(&widget, build.clone());
+            }
+        });
+        widget.connect_map({
+            let apply = apply.clone();
+            move |_| apply()
+        });
+        ensure_destroy_cleanup(&widget);
+    }
+
+    if widget.is_realized() {
+        attach_enter_monitor(&widget, build);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Realize + `GdkSurface::enter-monitor`: rebind when the window moves
+/// outputs. If the connector is unknown, leave unbound (display fallback)
+/// rather than guessing the wrong monitor.
+pub fn bind_window_auto(window: &impl IsA<gtk4::Native>) {
+    bind_auto(window.as_ref(), None);
+}
+
+/// [`bind_window_auto`] plus per-output app CSS, resolved to hex.
+pub fn bind_window_auto_with_app_css<F>(window: &impl IsA<gtk4::Native>, build: F)
+where
+    F: Fn(&Palette) -> String + 'static,
+{
+    bind_auto(window.as_ref(), Some(Rc::new(build)));
+}
+
 /// Apply a user CSS override file at USER priority. Clears the provider if the
 /// file is absent so stale overrides don't persist across SIGHUP reloads.
 pub fn apply_user_css(path: &Path, provider: &RefCell<Option<CssProvider>>) {

bread-theme/src/layerrules.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+//! Generates `~/.config/hypr/layerrules.json` from the active shell theme's
+//! `[compositor]` table (`THEME_SYSTEM_PLAN.md` §9). `scripts/ui/rules.lua`
+//! reads this file and emits `hl.layer_rule` calls from it, keeping its own
+//! hardcoded rules as a pcall-guarded fallback for when this file is missing
+//! or malformed — so generation here never has to be perfect, only present.
+//!
+//! Scope (plan §9's appearance/placement boundary): a theme's `[compositor]`
+//! table owns per-namespace *appearance* only — blur, ignore_alpha,
+//! blur_popups, animation, no_anim (the [`crate::shell::LayerRule`] field
+//! set). It never owns placement, workspace-assignment, or focus rules —
+//! those stay Lua-side user policy (`rules.lua`'s `hl.window_rule` calls)
+//! that this generator does not touch.
+
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use crate::shell::ShellTheme;
+
+fn config_home() -> PathBuf {
+    // XDG spec: `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` is only honored when it's an *absolute*
+    // path; a relative value must be ignored (matches `bread_utils::xdg`).
+    if let Ok(v) = std::env::var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME") {
+        let p = PathBuf::from(&v);
+        if p.is_absolute() {
+            return p;
+        }
+    }
+    dirs::home_dir()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("."))
+        .join(".config")
+}
+
+/// `~/.config/hypr/layerrules.json` (or under `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` if set) —
+/// alongside `binds.json`, `settings.json`, `monitors.json`, and
+/// `autostart.json`, the established flat-JSON-under-`hypr/` convention
+/// those files already use (see `~/.config/hypr/scripts/input/binds.lua` for
+/// the read side of that pattern, which `scripts/ui/rules.lua` now mirrors).
+pub fn layerrules_path() -> PathBuf {
+    config_home().join("hypr").join("layerrules.json")
+}
+
+/// Render `theme`'s `[compositor]` table as the JSON object
+/// `scripts/ui/rules.lua` expects: keyed by layer-shell namespace (e.g.
+/// `"breadbar"`, `"breadbox"`), each value the namespace's
+/// [`crate::shell::LayerRule`] fields. `compositor_rules()` returns a
+/// `BTreeMap`, so namespace order is stable (alphabetical) across runs and a
+/// rewritten file diffs cleanly.
+pub fn layerrules_json(theme: &ShellTheme) -> String {
+    serde_json::to_string_pretty(theme.compositor_rules())
+        .expect("LayerRule serialization is infallible (no maps/floats that can fail)")
+}
+
+/// [`layerrules_json`] + atomic write (tmp + rename), the same durability
+/// [`crate::write_shared_css_from`] uses so a reload can never observe a
+/// half-written file.
+pub fn write_layerrules(theme: &ShellTheme) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = layerrules_path();
+    let json = layerrules_json(theme);
+    crate::output::atomic_write(&path, &json)?;
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+/// [`write_layerrules`] from the active theme ([`crate::shell::load`], which
+/// never fails — a broken active theme falls back to the builtin). Used by
+/// the `bread-theme layerrules` CLI subcommand.
+pub fn write_layerrules_active() -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    write_layerrules(&crate::shell::load())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::path::Path;
+
+    fn lock_xdg() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, ()> {
+        // Shared with `shell::tests::isolated_xdg`, which also mutates
+        // XDG_CONFIG_HOME — must be the *same* lock, not a look-alike one,
+        // or the two modules' parallel tests race each other's env var
+        // reads (see `crate::test_support`'s doc comment).
+        crate::test_support::XDG_CONFIG_HOME_LOCK
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    fn with_config_home<T>(f: impl FnOnce(&Path) -> T) -> T {
+        let _lock = lock_xdg();
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "bread-theme-layerrules-test-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let old = std::env::var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME").ok();
+        std::env::set_var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", &dir);
+        let result = std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| f(&dir)));
+        match old {
+            Some(v) => std::env::set_var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", v),
+            None => std::env::remove_var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"),
+        }
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+        match result {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(e) => std::panic::resume_unwind(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layerrules_path_sits_under_config_hypr() {
+        with_config_home(|dir| {
+            assert_eq!(layerrules_path(), dir.join("hypr").join("layerrules.json"));
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// True if any file under `dir` has a name containing `.tmp.` (a
+    /// leftover from `output::atomic_write`'s pid-suffixed temp files).
+    fn has_leftover_tmp(dir: &Path) -> bool {
+        fn walk(p: &Path) -> bool {
+            let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(p) else {
+                return false;
+            };
+            for entry in entries.flatten() {
+                let path = entry.path();
+                if path.is_dir() {
+                    if walk(&path) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                } else if path
+                    .file_name()
+                    .and_then(|n| n.to_str())
+                    .is_some_and(|n| n.contains(".tmp."))
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            false
+        }
+        walk(dir)
+    }
+
+    /// `load_named("liquid-motion")` resolves through discovery (user dir,
+    /// then system dir, then the compiled-in builtin) — isolate
+    /// `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to an empty dir so this can't pick up a real
+    /// `~/.config/bread/themes/liquid-motion/theme.toml` override and land
+    /// on a different `[compositor]` table than the builtin's.
+    fn builtin_theme() -> ShellTheme {
+        with_config_home(|_| crate::shell::load_named("liquid-motion").unwrap())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layerrules_json_covers_all_six_builtin_namespaces() {
+        let theme = builtin_theme();
+        let json = layerrules_json(&theme);
+        let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
+        let obj = value.as_object().expect("top-level object");
+        for ns in [
+            "breadbar",
+            "breadbar-osd",
+            "breadbar-notif",
+            "breadbar-panel",
+            "breadbar-dismiss",
+            "breadbox",
+        ] {
+            assert!(obj.contains_key(ns), "missing namespace {ns} in JSON");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn layerrules_json_shape_matches_breadbar_rule() {
+        let theme = builtin_theme();
+        let json = layerrules_json(&theme);
+        let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&json).unwrap();
+        let bar = &value["breadbar"];
+        assert_eq!(bar["blur"], true);
+        assert_eq!(bar["ignore_alpha"], 0.2);
+        assert_eq!(bar["blur_popups"], true);
+        assert_eq!(bar["animation"], "slide top");
+        // no_anim is a plain bool (not Option), so it's always present, even
+        // when false — unlike ignore_alpha/animation which are omitted.
+        assert_eq!(bar["no_anim"], false);
+
+        let dismiss = &value["breadbar-dismiss"];
+        assert_eq!(dismiss["no_anim"], true);
+        // ignore_alpha/animation are unset for breadbar-dismiss, so the
+        // skip_serializing_if omits them entirely rather than writing null.
+        assert!(dismiss.get("ignore_alpha").is_none());
+        assert!(dismiss.get("animation").is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_layerrules_active_writes_atomically_and_is_reloadable() {
+        with_config_home(|dir| {
+            let path = write_layerrules_active().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(path, dir.join("hypr").join("layerrules.json"));
+            assert!(path.is_file());
+            // No leftover .tmp file after the atomic rename.
+            assert!(!has_leftover_tmp(dir));
+
+            let contents = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap();
+            let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&contents).unwrap();
+            assert!(value.as_object().unwrap().contains_key("breadbox"));
+
+            // Rewriting (theme switch, pywal hook, etc.) must not fail or
+            // leave a stale temp file behind.
+            let path2 = write_layerrules_active().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(path, path2);
+            assert!(!has_leftover_tmp(dir));
+        });
+    }
+}

bread-theme/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,35 @@
-pub mod palette;
+#[cfg(feature = "adw")]
+pub mod adw;
+#[cfg(feature = "gtk")]
+pub mod anim;
 #[cfg(feature = "gtk")]
 pub mod gtk;
+mod layerrules;
+mod output;
+pub mod palette;
+pub mod shell;
 
+pub use layerrules::{layerrules_json, layerrules_path, write_layerrules, write_layerrules_active};
+pub use output::{
+    generate_output, load_palette_for, output_css_path, output_palette_path, palette_from_image,
+    palette_from_json, palettes_dir, sanitize_output, themes_dir, write_output_css,
+    write_output_palette, write_shared_css_from,
+};
 pub use palette::{load_palette, Palette};
 
+/// Env-var locks shared by any test module that mutates process-global
+/// state (`std::env::set_var`) — `cargo test` runs a crate's tests in
+/// parallel by default, so every module touching the *same* env var must
+/// serialize through the *same* lock or their mutations race each other's
+/// reads. `bread_theme::output`'s own `XDG_ENV_LOCK` guards `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`
+/// specifically and stays where it is; `XDG_CONFIG_HOME_LOCK` here is the
+/// one shared by `shell::tests` and `layerrules::tests`, which both point
+/// `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` at an isolated temp dir.
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) mod test_support {
+    pub(crate) static XDG_CONFIG_HOME_LOCK: std::sync::Mutex<()> = std::sync::Mutex::new(());
+}
+
 /// Design tokens from BREAD_DESIGN_SYSTEM.md.
 pub mod tokens {
     pub const FONT_FAMILY: &str = "Varela Round, sans-serif";
@@ -24,6 +50,13 @@ pub mod tokens {
     pub const RADIUS_PILL: u16 = 999;
 }
 
+/// CSS `font-family` list: quote the named face, leave the generic fallback
+/// unquoted. Wrapping [`tokens::FONT_FAMILY`] in one pair of quotes would
+/// make a single family named "Varela Round, sans-serif" and drop sans-serif.
+fn css_font_family() -> &'static str {
+    "'Varela Round', sans-serif"
+}
+
 /// Emit the `@define-color` block that all bread apps use, plus the shared
 /// font rule.
 ///
@@ -39,9 +72,9 @@ pub mod tokens {
 /// one color-block implementation and it cannot drift again.
 pub fn css_vars(p: &Palette) -> String {
     format!(
-        "{vars}* {{ font-family: '{font}'; font-size: {size}px; }}\n",
+        "{vars}* {{ font-family: {font}; font-size: {size}px; }}\n",
         vars = define_colors(p),
-        font = tokens::FONT_FAMILY,
+        font = css_font_family(),
         size = tokens::FONT_SIZE_BASE,
     )
 }
@@ -51,7 +84,11 @@ pub fn luminance(hex: &str) -> f32 {
     let h = hex.trim_start_matches('#');
     let lin = |i: usize| -> f32 {
         let c = u8::from_str_radix(h.get(i..i + 2).unwrap_or("00"), 16).unwrap_or(0) as f32 / 255.0;
-        if c <= 0.04045 { c / 12.92 } else { ((c + 0.055) / 1.055).powf(2.4) }
+        if c <= 0.04045 {
+            c / 12.92
+        } else {
+            ((c + 0.055) / 1.055).powf(2.4)
+        }
     };
     0.2126 * lin(0) + 0.7152 * lin(2) + 0.0722 * lin(4)
 }
@@ -62,44 +99,101 @@ pub fn luminance(hex: &str) -> f32 {
 /// text readable no matter how light or dark pywal makes a given palette slot,
 /// without altering the palette colours themselves.
 pub fn ink_on(hex: &str) -> &'static str {
-    if luminance(hex) > 0.179 { "#11111b" } else { "#f5f5f5" }
+    if luminance(hex) > 0.179 {
+        "#11111b"
+    } else {
+        "#f5f5f5"
+    }
 }
 
-/// Canonical `@define-color` block: the single naming all bread apps share.
+/// Canonical (name, value) list: the single naming all bread apps share.
 /// `surface` = color0 (darkest surface), `overlay` = color7 (muted), and
 /// `accent` = color4. Apps must use these names, not raw palette slots, so the
 /// whole ecosystem recolours together.
 ///
 /// The `on-*` colours are computed ink (black/white) guaranteed to be legible on
-/// the matching background — use `@on-surface` for text on a `@surface` panel,
-/// `@on-accent` on an `@accent` button, etc. They exist because pywal can emit a
+/// the matching background — use `on-surface` for text on a `surface` panel,
+/// `on-accent` on an `accent` button, etc. They exist because pywal can emit a
 /// light value in any slot, and white text on a light surface disappears.
+///
+/// [`define_colors`] (GTK `@define-color`) and [`css_custom_properties`] (web
+/// `:root { --name: ... }`) both format this same list rather than each
+/// hand-writing their own — see `css_vars_and_stylesheet_agree_on_color_block`
+/// and `css_custom_properties_matches_define_colors_name_set` for the
+/// regression tests this exists to satisfy.
+fn color_pairs(p: &Palette) -> [(&'static str, String); 16] {
+    [
+        ("bg", p.background.clone()),
+        ("fg", p.foreground.clone()),
+        ("surface", p.color0.clone()),
+        ("overlay", p.color7.clone()),
+        ("accent", p.color4.clone()),
+        ("red", p.color1.clone()),
+        ("green", p.color2.clone()),
+        ("yellow", p.color3.clone()),
+        ("blue", p.color4.clone()),
+        ("pink", p.color5.clone()),
+        ("teal", p.color6.clone()),
+        ("on-bg", ink_on(&p.background).to_string()),
+        ("on-surface", ink_on(&p.color0).to_string()),
+        ("on-accent", ink_on(&p.color4).to_string()),
+        ("on-red", ink_on(&p.color1).to_string()),
+        ("on-overlay", ink_on(&p.color7).to_string()),
+    ]
+}
+
+/// GTK `@define-color` block built from [`color_pairs`].
 fn define_colors(p: &Palette) -> String {
+    color_pairs(p)
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(name, value)| format!("@define-color {name} {value};\n"))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// CSS custom-properties block (`:root { --bg: ...; --on-accent: ...; }`) for
+/// web frontends (Tauri), using the exact same names as [`define_colors`] so
+/// the GTK and web outputs cannot drift apart independently — both are
+/// generated from [`color_pairs`], not two hand-written copies.
+pub fn css_custom_properties(p: &Palette) -> String {
+    let vars: String = color_pairs(p)
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(name, value)| format!("  --{name}: {value};\n"))
+        .collect();
+    format!(":root {{\n{vars}}}\n")
+}
+
+/// CSS custom-properties for [`tokens`] (font, spacing, radii) — the web
+/// counterpart to [`tokens`] being hand-read by GTK code, so a web frontend
+/// isn't hand-copying the same numbers into a second source of truth.
+pub fn css_tokens() -> String {
+    use tokens::*;
     format!(
-        "@define-color bg {bg};\n\
-         @define-color fg {fg};\n\
-         @define-color surface {c0};\n\
-         @define-color overlay {c7};\n\
-         @define-color accent {c4};\n\
-         @define-color red {c1};\n\
-         @define-color green {c2};\n\
-         @define-color yellow {c3};\n\
-         @define-color blue {c4};\n\
-         @define-color pink {c5};\n\
-         @define-color teal {c6};\n\
-         @define-color on-bg {on_bg};\n\
-         @define-color on-surface {on_surface};\n\
-         @define-color on-accent {on_accent};\n\
-         @define-color on-red {on_red};\n\
-         @define-color on-overlay {on_overlay};\n",
-        bg = p.background, fg = p.foreground,
-        c0 = p.color0, c1 = p.color1, c2 = p.color2, c3 = p.color3,
-        c4 = p.color4, c5 = p.color5, c6 = p.color6, c7 = p.color7,
-        on_bg = ink_on(&p.background),
-        on_surface = ink_on(&p.color0),
-        on_accent = ink_on(&p.color4),
-        on_red = ink_on(&p.color1),
-        on_overlay = ink_on(&p.color7),
+        ":root {{\n\
+         \x20\x20--font-family: {font};\n\
+         \x20\x20--font-size-base: {base}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--font-size-secondary: {sec}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--space-xs: {xs}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--space-sm: {sm}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--space-md: {md}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--space-lg: {lg}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--space-xl: {xl}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--radius-primary: {r1}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--radius-secondary: {r2}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--radius-tertiary: {r3}px;\n\
+         \x20\x20--radius-pill: {pill}px;\n\
+         }}\n",
+        font = css_font_family(),
+        base = FONT_SIZE_BASE,
+        sec = FONT_SIZE_SECONDARY,
+        xs = SPACE_XS,
+        sm = SPACE_SM,
+        md = SPACE_MD,
+        lg = SPACE_LG,
+        xl = SPACE_XL,
+        r1 = RADIUS_PRIMARY,
+        r2 = RADIUS_SECONDARY,
+        r3 = RADIUS_TERTIARY,
+        pill = RADIUS_PILL,
     )
 }
 
@@ -113,16 +207,27 @@ pub fn stylesheet(p: &Palette) -> String {
     use tokens::*;
     format!(
         "{vars}\
-         * {{ font-family: '{font}'; font-size: {base}px; }}\n\
+         * {{ font-family: {font}; font-size: {base}px; }}\n\
          /* Colour is set on containers; labels inherit it, so text on any panel,\
             button, or accent is always the legible ink for that background. Bare\
             `label {{ color }}` is deliberately avoided — as a type selector it\
             would override a container's colour on its own child labels. */\n\
          window {{ background-color: @bg; color: @on-bg; }}\n\
          .dim-label, .dim {{ opacity: 0.6; font-size: {sec}px; }}\n\
-         .title {{ font-size: 1.4em; font-weight: bold; }}\n\
+         /* Named `.page-title`, not the more obvious `.title` - libadwaita's\
+            own row/window-title widgets (AdwActionRow, AdwWindowTitle, GtkHeaderBar)\
+            put a bare `title` CSS class on their internal label, so a generic\
+            `.title` rule here would inflate every libadwaita row's title text\
+            to 1.4em too (this is exactly what caused the settings screen's\
+            ~24px row-title bug). Scoping the name avoids the collision instead\
+            of trying to out-specificity a first-party GTK/libadwaita class. */\n\
+         .page-title {{ font-size: 1.4em; font-weight: bold; }}\n\
          .heading {{ font-weight: bold; opacity: 0.85; }}\n\
-         .subtitle {{ opacity: 0.7; font-size: {sec}px; }}\n\
+         /* Same libadwaita-collision reasoning as `.page-title` above - a bare\
+            `.subtitle` also matches libadwaita's internal row-subtitle labels.\
+            Unused by any app today, but scoped so a future caller doesn't\
+            reintroduce the fight. */\n\
+         .page-subtitle {{ opacity: 0.7; font-size: {sec}px; }}\n\
          button {{ background-color: @surface; color: @on-surface; border: none;\
              border-radius: {r1}px; padding: {sm}px {lg}px; }}\n\
          button:hover {{ background-color: alpha(@on-surface, 0.14); }}\n\
@@ -131,8 +236,15 @@ pub fn stylesheet(p: &Palette) -> String {
          button.flat {{ background-color: transparent; color: @on-bg; }}\n\
          button.suggested-action {{ background-color: @accent; color: @on-accent; }}\n\
          button.suggested-action:hover {{ background-color: alpha(@accent, 0.85); }}\n\
-         button.destructive-action {{ background-color: @red; color: @on-red; }}\n\
-         button.destructive-action:hover {{ background-color: alpha(@red, 0.85); }}\n\
+         /* Deliberately NOT @red: pywal can hand `red` any hue depending on\
+            the wallpaper (a blue-toned wallpaper's \"red\" slot can literally\
+            render blue), which would make a destructive action indistinguishable\
+            from a normal accent button - exactly backwards for a warning colour.\
+            GNOME's own destructive-action is a fixed red for the same reason;\
+            this is the one button style in the whole system that intentionally\
+            doesn't follow the palette. */\n\
+         button.destructive-action {{ background-color: #e01b24; color: #ffffff; }}\n\
+         button.destructive-action:hover {{ background-color: #c01c28; }}\n\
          entry, spinbutton {{ background-color: @surface; color: @on-surface;\
              border: 1px solid @overlay; border-radius: {r2}px;\
              padding: {xs}px {sm}px; caret-color: @on-surface; }}\n\
@@ -143,7 +255,23 @@ pub fn stylesheet(p: &Palette) -> String {
          switch {{ background-color: @overlay; border-radius: {pill}px; }}\n\
          switch:checked {{ background-color: @accent; }}\n\
          switch slider {{ background-color: @on-surface; border-radius: {pill}px; }}\n\
+         /* GtkScale (sliders) render with GTK's own default accent (a fixed\
+            blue, independent of the app's theme) unless styled explicitly —\
+            every app with a volume/brightness slider was silently showing\
+            that default instead of the palette's accent until this rule\
+            existed. */\n\
+         scale trough {{ background-color: @overlay; border-radius: {pill}px; min-height: 6px; }}\n\
+         scale trough highlight {{ background-color: @accent; border-radius: {pill}px; min-height: 6px; }}\n\
+         scale slider {{ background-color: @on-bg; border-radius: {pill}px; }}\n\
          list, listbox {{ background-color: transparent; }}\n\
+         /* libadwaita's AdwPreferencesGroup wraps its rows in a GtkListBox\
+            carrying the `boxed-list` class, expecting a surface fill + radius\
+            to read as a card. The bare-type rule above (needed so plain\
+            GTK4 sidebars/lists stay transparent) was overriding that with\
+            equal specificity and no fill ever won, leaving preference groups\
+            as a bare bordered table instead of a card. This is scoped to the\
+            class only, so it doesn't touch any non-adw list. */\n\
+         list.boxed-list, listbox.boxed-list {{ background-color: @surface; border-radius: {r1}px; }}\n\
          row {{ border-radius: {r2}px; }}\n\
          row:selected, list row:selected {{ background-color: @accent; color: @on-accent; }}\n\
          .sidebar {{ background-color: @surface; color: @on-surface; }}\n\
@@ -162,7 +290,7 @@ pub fn stylesheet(p: &Palette) -> String {
          textview, .mono {{ font-family: monospace; }}\n\
          textview text {{ background-color: @surface; color: @on-surface; }}\n",
         vars = define_colors(p),
-        font = FONT_FAMILY,
+        font = css_font_family(),
         base = FONT_SIZE_BASE,
         sec = FONT_SIZE_SECONDARY,
         xs = SPACE_XS, sm = SPACE_SM, md = SPACE_MD, lg = SPACE_LG,
@@ -181,28 +309,34 @@ pub fn render() -> String {
 /// `bread-theme generate` CLI writes it. Per-session under `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`,
 /// falling back to the cache dir.
 pub fn shared_css_path() -> std::path::PathBuf {
-    if let Ok(rt) = std::env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") {
-        if !rt.is_empty() {
-            return std::path::PathBuf::from(rt).join("bread").join("theme.css");
-        }
-    }
-    dirs::cache_dir()
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| std::path::PathBuf::from("/tmp"))
-        .join("bread")
-        .join("theme.css")
+    output::runtime_bread_dir().join("theme.css")
 }
 
 /// Write the shared stylesheet to [`shared_css_path`] (atomic rename). Returns
 /// the path written. Used by the `bread-theme` CLI.
 pub fn write_shared_css() -> std::io::Result<std::path::PathBuf> {
-    let path = shared_css_path();
-    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+    write_shared_css_from(&load_palette())
+}
+
+/// `stylesheet()` with `@name` references in rule bodies replaced by hex.
+/// Longer names first (`on-surface` before `surface`, `on-bg` before `bg`)
+/// so a prefix match cannot half-replace `@on-bg`.
+pub fn stylesheet_resolved(p: &Palette) -> String {
+    resolve_color_names(&stylesheet(p), p)
+}
+
+/// Replace `@define-color` names (`@accent`, `@on-bg`, …) with hex values.
+/// Used by [`stylesheet_resolved`] and by GTK `bind_window` so display-global
+/// named colors cannot leak the wrong monitor's accent.
+pub(crate) fn resolve_color_names(css: &str, p: &Palette) -> String {
+    let mut pairs: Vec<(&str, String)> = color_pairs(p).into_iter().collect();
+    // Longest name first, so `@on-bg` is replaced before `@bg` can match its tail.
+    pairs.sort_by_key(|(name, _)| std::cmp::Reverse(name.len()));
+    let mut out = css.to_string();
+    for (name, value) in pairs {
+        out = out.replace(&format!("@{name}"), &value);
     }
-    let tmp = path.with_extension("css.tmp");
-    std::fs::write(&tmp, render())?;
-    std::fs::rename(&tmp, &path)?;
-    Ok(path)
+    out
 }
 
 /// Convert a `#rrggbb` hex colour to `rgba(r, g, b, alpha)`.
@@ -221,15 +355,24 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn css_vars_contains_all_define_color_names() {
         let css = css_vars(&Palette::default());
-        for name in &["bg", "fg", "surface", "red", "green", "yellow", "blue", "pink", "teal", "overlay"] {
-            assert!(css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")), "missing @define-color {name}");
+        for name in &[
+            "bg", "fg", "surface", "red", "green", "yellow", "blue", "pink", "teal", "overlay",
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")),
+                "missing @define-color {name}"
+            );
         }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn css_vars_contains_font_rule() {
         let css = css_vars(&Palette::default());
-        assert!(css.contains("Varela Round"));
+        assert!(css.contains("font-family: 'Varela Round', sans-serif;"));
+        assert!(
+            !css.contains("font-family: 'Varela Round, sans-serif'"),
+            "named face and generic fallback must not be one quoted family"
+        );
         assert!(css.contains("14px"));
     }
 
@@ -242,8 +385,18 @@ mod tests {
         // color name — the illegible-text bug. css_vars() must now emit
         // exactly the same color set as the full stylesheet.
         let css = css_vars(&Palette::default());
-        for name in &["accent", "on-bg", "on-surface", "on-accent", "on-red", "on-overlay"] {
-            assert!(css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")), "missing @define-color {name}");
+        for name in &[
+            "accent",
+            "on-bg",
+            "on-surface",
+            "on-accent",
+            "on-red",
+            "on-overlay",
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")),
+                "missing @define-color {name}"
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -254,7 +407,16 @@ mod tests {
         let p = Palette::default();
         let vars = css_vars(&p);
         let sheet = stylesheet(&p);
-        for name in &["bg", "fg", "surface", "overlay", "accent", "on-bg", "on-surface", "on-accent"] {
+        for name in &[
+            "bg",
+            "fg",
+            "surface",
+            "overlay",
+            "accent",
+            "on-bg",
+            "on-surface",
+            "on-accent",
+        ] {
             let needle = format!("@define-color {name} ");
             assert!(vars.contains(&needle) && sheet.contains(&needle));
         }
@@ -264,13 +426,67 @@ mod tests {
     fn stylesheet_defines_canonical_colors_and_components() {
         let css = stylesheet(&Palette::default());
         for name in &["bg", "fg", "surface", "overlay", "accent", "red", "blue"] {
-            assert!(css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")), "missing @define-color {name}");
+            assert!(
+                css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")),
+                "missing @define-color {name}"
+            );
         }
         // a representative spread of the shared component selectors
-        for sel in &["button", "entry", "switch:checked", ".card", ".sidebar", "scrollbar slider", ".title"] {
+        for sel in &[
+            "button",
+            "entry",
+            "switch:checked",
+            ".card",
+            ".sidebar",
+            "scrollbar slider",
+            ".page-title",
+        ] {
             assert!(css.contains(sel), "stylesheet missing selector: {sel}");
         }
-        assert!(css.contains("Varela Round"));
+        assert!(css.contains("font-family: 'Varela Round', sans-serif;"));
+        assert!(
+            !css.contains("font-family: 'Varela Round, sans-serif'"),
+            "named face and generic fallback must not be one quoted family"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn css_custom_properties_matches_define_colors_name_set() {
+        // Both must derive from the same color_pairs() list, so the web
+        // output can't drift from the GTK one the way css_vars/stylesheet
+        // used to (see css_vars_and_stylesheet_agree_on_color_block above).
+        let p = Palette::default();
+        let gtk = define_colors(&p);
+        let web = css_custom_properties(&p);
+        for (name, _) in color_pairs(&p) {
+            assert!(
+                gtk.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")),
+                "gtk missing {name}"
+            );
+            assert!(web.contains(&format!("--{name}: ")), "web missing {name}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn css_custom_properties_is_valid_root_block() {
+        let p = Palette::default();
+        let css = css_custom_properties(&p);
+        assert!(css.starts_with(":root {\n"));
+        assert!(css.trim_end().ends_with('}'));
+        assert!(css.contains(&format!("--accent: {};", p.color4)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn css_tokens_contains_font_and_spacing_vars() {
+        let css = css_tokens();
+        assert!(css.contains("--font-family: 'Varela Round', sans-serif;"));
+        assert!(
+            !css.contains("--font-family: 'Varela Round, sans-serif'"),
+            "named face and generic fallback must not be one quoted family"
+        );
+        assert!(css.contains("--font-size-base: 14px;"));
+        assert!(css.contains("--space-md: 12px;"));
+        assert!(css.contains("--radius-pill: 999px;"));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -297,7 +513,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn stylesheet_defines_on_colors() {
         let css = stylesheet(&Palette::default());
         for name in &["on-bg", "on-surface", "on-accent", "on-red", "on-overlay"] {
-            assert!(css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")), "missing @define-color {name}");
+            assert!(
+                css.contains(&format!("@define-color {name} ")),
+                "missing @define-color {name}"
+            );
         }
     }
 
@@ -306,13 +525,60 @@ mod tests {
         // A bare `label { color: ... }` would override container colours on child
         // labels — the bug that made coloured-background text illegible.
         let css = stylesheet(&Palette::default());
-        assert!(!css.contains("label { color:"), "blanket label colour rule reintroduced");
+        assert!(
+            !css.contains("label { color:"),
+            "blanket label colour rule reintroduced"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn shared_css_path_uses_runtime_dir() {
+        let _lock = crate::output::XDG_ENV_LOCK
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
         std::env::set_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "/run/user/1234");
-        assert_eq!(shared_css_path(), std::path::PathBuf::from("/run/user/1234/bread/theme.css"));
+        assert_eq!(
+            shared_css_path(),
+            std::path::PathBuf::from("/run/user/1234/bread/theme.css")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stylesheet_resolved_inlines_color4_and_drops_named_refs_in_rules() {
+        let p = Palette {
+            color4: "#7aa2f7".into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let css = stylesheet_resolved(&p);
+        assert!(css.contains("#7aa2f7"), "color4 must appear as hex: {css}");
+        // Rule bodies must not keep named colors — GTK display-global
+        // @define-color would otherwise leak the wrong monitor's accent.
+        let rules = css
+            .lines()
+            .filter(|l| !l.trim_start().starts_with("@define-color"))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join("\n");
+        assert!(
+            !rules.contains("@accent"),
+            "leftover @accent in rules:\n{rules}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !rules.contains("@on-bg"),
+            "leftover @on-bg in rules:\n{rules}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !rules.contains("@on-surface"),
+            "leftover @on-surface in rules:\n{rules}"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !rules.contains("@on-accent"),
+            "leftover @on-accent in rules:\n{rules}"
+        );
+        // Longer names first: @on-bg must not become @on-#...
+        assert!(
+            !rules.contains("@on-#"),
+            "half-replaced on-* name:\n{rules}"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]

bread-theme/src/output.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+//! Per-output (per-monitor) palette and stylesheet paths under
+//! `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bread/{palettes,themes}/`.
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+use crate::palette::{from_wal_json, Palette};
+use crate::{load_palette, stylesheet};
+
+/// Session-scoped `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bread`, same fallback as [`crate::shared_css_path`].
+pub(crate) fn runtime_bread_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    // XDG spec: `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` is only honored when set to a non-empty,
+    // *absolute* path; a relative value must be ignored.
+    if let Ok(rt) = std::env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") {
+        let p = PathBuf::from(&rt);
+        if !rt.is_empty() && p.is_absolute() {
+            return p.join("bread");
+        }
+    }
+    dirs::cache_dir()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| PathBuf::from("/tmp"))
+        .join("bread")
+}
+
+/// Keep `[A-Za-z0-9._-]`; replace everything else with `_`.
+pub fn sanitize_output(output: &str) -> String {
+    let s: String = output
+        .chars()
+        .map(|c| {
+            if c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(c, '.' | '_' | '-') {
+                c
+            } else {
+                '_'
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+    if s.is_empty() {
+        "_".into()
+    } else {
+        s
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn themes_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    runtime_bread_dir().join("themes")
+}
+
+pub fn palettes_dir() -> PathBuf {
+    runtime_bread_dir().join("palettes")
+}
+
+pub fn output_css_path(output: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    themes_dir().join(format!("{}.css", sanitize_output(output)))
+}
+
+pub fn output_palette_path(output: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    palettes_dir().join(format!("{}.json", sanitize_output(output)))
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn atomic_write(path: &Path, contents: &str) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)?;
+    }
+    // Pad the temp name with the pid (matching `bread_utils::atomic`) so two
+    // concurrent writers for the same target can't race on one shared `.tmp`
+    // file — e.g. two `bread-theme generate-output` runs writing the same
+    // `themes/<output>.css` at once.
+    let tmp = match path.file_name().and_then(|n| n.to_str()) {
+        Some(name) => path.with_file_name(format!(".{name}.tmp.{}", std::process::id())),
+        None => path.with_extension(format!("tmp.{}", std::process::id())),
+    };
+    std::fs::write(&tmp, contents)?;
+    std::fs::rename(&tmp, path)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Accents only — never persist pywal's light background/surface/overlay/fg.
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct StoredColors {
+    color1: String,
+    color2: String,
+    color3: String,
+    color4: String,
+    color5: String,
+    color6: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct StoredPalette {
+    colors: StoredColors,
+}
+
+/// Parse on-disk JSON: wal `colors.json` shape, or a flat `{color1..color6}` object.
+/// Always forces FIXED background/foreground/color0/color7 via [`from_wal_json`].
+pub fn palette_from_json(json: &str) -> Option<Palette> {
+    let value: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(json).ok()?;
+    if value
+        .get("colors")
+        .and_then(|c| c.as_object())
+        .is_some_and(|o| !o.is_empty())
+    {
+        return from_wal_json(json);
+    }
+    if value.get("color1").is_some()
+        || value.get("color2").is_some()
+        || value.get("color3").is_some()
+        || value.get("color4").is_some()
+        || value.get("color5").is_some()
+        || value.get("color6").is_some()
+    {
+        let wrapped = serde_json::json!({ "colors": value });
+        return from_wal_json(&wrapped.to_string());
+    }
+    from_wal_json(json)
+}
+
+/// Load `palettes/<output>.json`; fall back to [`load_palette`].
+pub fn load_palette_for(output: &str) -> Palette {
+    std::fs::read_to_string(output_palette_path(output))
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|s| palette_from_json(&s))
+        .unwrap_or_else(load_palette)
+}
+
+pub fn write_output_palette(output: &str, palette: &Palette) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = output_palette_path(output);
+    let stored = StoredPalette {
+        colors: StoredColors {
+            color1: palette.color1.clone(),
+            color2: palette.color2.clone(),
+            color3: palette.color3.clone(),
+            color4: palette.color4.clone(),
+            color5: palette.color5.clone(),
+            color6: palette.color6.clone(),
+        },
+    };
+    let json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&stored)
+        .map_err(|e| std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e))?;
+    atomic_write(&path, &json)?;
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+pub fn write_output_css(output: &str, palette: &Palette) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = output_css_path(output);
+    atomic_write(&path, &stylesheet(palette))?;
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+/// Like [`crate::write_shared_css`] but from an explicit palette.
+pub fn write_shared_css_from(palette: &Palette) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let path = crate::shared_css_path();
+    atomic_write(&path, &stylesheet(palette))?;
+    Ok(path)
+}
+
+/// Isolated `wal -i <image> -n -q` with `XDG_CACHE_HOME` set to a unique temp
+/// dir so the user's `~/.cache/wal` is not clobbered.
+pub fn palette_from_image(path: &Path) -> std::io::Result<Palette> {
+    let pid = std::process::id();
+    let nanos = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .as_nanos();
+    let tmp = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("bread-theme-wal-{pid}-{nanos}"));
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&tmp)?;
+    struct Rm(PathBuf);
+    impl Drop for Rm {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&self.0);
+        }
+    }
+    let _guard = Rm(tmp.clone());
+
+    // Classic pywal ignores XDG_CACHE_HOME and writes $HOME/.cache/wal.
+    // Point HOME at the temp dir so a per-output extract cannot clobber
+    // the session cache (or the other monitor's last `wal -i`).
+    let status = match std::process::Command::new("wal")
+        .arg("-i")
+        .arg(path)
+        .args(["-n", "-q"])
+        .env("HOME", &tmp)
+        .env("XDG_CACHE_HOME", tmp.join(".cache"))
+        .status()
+    {
+        Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            return Err(std::io::Error::new(
+                std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+                "wal is not installed",
+            ));
+        }
+        Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        Ok(s) => s,
+    };
+    if !status.success() {
+        return Err(std::io::Error::other(format!("wal failed with {status}")));
+    }
+
+    let json_path = [
+        tmp.join(".cache").join("wal").join("colors.json"),
+        tmp.join("wal").join("colors.json"),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .find(|p| p.is_file())
+    .ok_or_else(|| {
+        std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+            "wal did not write colors.json under the isolated cache",
+        )
+    })?;
+    let json = std::fs::read_to_string(&json_path)?;
+    from_wal_json(&json).ok_or_else(|| {
+        std::io::Error::new(
+            std::io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+            "wal produced unparseable colors.json",
+        )
+    })
+}
+
+/// [`palette_from_image`] + [`write_output_palette`] + [`write_output_css`].
+pub fn generate_output(output: &str, image: &Path) -> std::io::Result<PathBuf> {
+    let palette = palette_from_image(image)?;
+    write_output_palette(output, &palette)?;
+    write_output_css(output, &palette)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) static XDG_ENV_LOCK: std::sync::Mutex<()> = std::sync::Mutex::new(());
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::palette::{FIXED_BACKGROUND, FIXED_FOREGROUND, FIXED_OVERLAY, FIXED_SURFACE};
+
+    fn lock_xdg() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, ()> {
+        XDG_ENV_LOCK.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner())
+    }
+
+    fn with_runtime_dir<T>(f: impl FnOnce(&Path) -> T) -> T {
+        let _lock = lock_xdg();
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "bread-theme-test-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let old = std::env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR").ok();
+        std::env::set_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", &dir);
+        let result = std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| f(&dir)));
+        match old {
+            Some(v) => std::env::set_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", v),
+            None => std::env::remove_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"),
+        }
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+        match result {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(e) => std::panic::resume_unwind(e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_output_keeps_hyprland_connectors() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output("HDMI-A-1"), "HDMI-A-1");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output("eDP-1"), "eDP-1");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output("DP-2"), "DP-2");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn sanitize_output_replaces_unsafe_chars() {
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output("HDMI A:1"), "HDMI_A_1");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output("foo/bar"), "foo_bar");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output(""), "_");
+        assert_eq!(sanitize_output("..ok_name-1"), "..ok_name-1");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn output_paths_use_sanitize_and_sit_under_dirs() {
+        let _lock = lock_xdg();
+        std::env::set_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", "/run/user/1234");
+        let css = output_css_path("HDMI A:1");
+        let pal = output_palette_path("HDMI A:1");
+        assert_eq!(css, themes_dir().join("HDMI_A_1.css"));
+        assert_eq!(pal, palettes_dir().join("HDMI_A_1.json"));
+        assert!(css.starts_with(themes_dir()));
+        assert!(pal.starts_with(palettes_dir()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            output_css_path("eDP-1"),
+            PathBuf::from("/run/user/1234/bread/themes/eDP-1.css")
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_palette_for_missing_file_has_fixed_bg() {
+        with_runtime_dir(|_| {
+            let p = load_palette_for("no-such-output");
+            assert_eq!(p.background, FIXED_BACKGROUND);
+            assert!(p.color4.starts_with('#'));
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_output_palette_roundtrips_color4() {
+        with_runtime_dir(|_| {
+            let p = Palette {
+                color4: "#7aa2f7".into(),
+                background: "#ffffff".into(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            };
+            write_output_palette("HDMI-A-1", &p).unwrap();
+            let loaded = load_palette_for("HDMI-A-1");
+            assert_eq!(loaded.color4, "#7aa2f7");
+            assert_eq!(loaded.background, FIXED_BACKGROUND);
+            assert_eq!(loaded.foreground, FIXED_FOREGROUND);
+            assert_eq!(loaded.color0, FIXED_SURFACE);
+            assert_eq!(loaded.color7, FIXED_OVERLAY);
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn write_shared_css_from_writes_shared_css_path() {
+        with_runtime_dir(|rt| {
+            let path = write_shared_css_from(&Palette::default()).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(path, crate::shared_css_path());
+            assert_eq!(path, rt.join("bread").join("theme.css"));
+            let css = std::fs::read_to_string(&path).unwrap();
+            assert!(css.contains("@define-color accent "));
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_palette_for_accepts_flat_color_object() {
+        with_runtime_dir(|_| {
+            let path = output_palette_path("DP-1");
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(path.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
+            std::fs::write(&path, r##"{"color4":"#112233","color1":"#abcdef"}"##).unwrap();
+            let p = load_palette_for("DP-1");
+            assert_eq!(p.color4, "#112233");
+            assert_eq!(p.color1, "#abcdef");
+            assert_eq!(p.background, FIXED_BACKGROUND);
+        });
+    }
+}

bread-theme/src/palette.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 /// off-hue background, and every bread GUI's panels inherit it — the app
 /// stops looking like a dark BOS tool and starts looking like whatever colour
 /// the wallpaper happened to be.
-const FIXED_BACKGROUND: &str = "#0c0c0c";
-const FIXED_FOREGROUND: &str = "#e8e8e8";
-const FIXED_SURFACE: &str = "#1a1a1a";
-const FIXED_OVERLAY: &str = "#d8d8d8";
+pub(crate) const FIXED_BACKGROUND: &str = "#0c0c0c";
+pub(crate) const FIXED_FOREGROUND: &str = "#e8e8e8";
+pub(crate) const FIXED_SURFACE: &str = "#1a1a1a";
+pub(crate) const FIXED_OVERLAY: &str = "#d8d8d8";
 
 /// Accent fallback when no pywal palette exists yet (fresh install, before
 /// any wallpaper has been set for real) — BOS's own bread-toned accents,
@@ -84,7 +84,10 @@ pub fn load_palette() -> Palette {
 pub(crate) fn from_wal_json(json: &str) -> Option<Palette> {
     let wal: WalColors = serde_json::from_str(json).ok()?;
     let c = |k: &str, fallback: &str| -> String {
-        wal.colors.get(k).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| fallback.into())
+        wal.colors
+            .get(k)
+            .cloned()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| fallback.into())
     };
     Some(Palette {
         background: FIXED_BACKGROUND.into(),

bread-theme/src/shell/builtin.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//! The compiled-in themes (plan §11 phase 1/5: "**One** built-in manifest
+//! (`liquid-motion`) describing the bar as it exists today", extended in
+//! Phase 5 with `glass-workbench`, demo 02). Every file here is plain data,
+//! not Rust — each `theme.toml` is the manifest text a user override would
+//! otherwise supply, and each `<id>.css` is the CSS template `ShellTheme::css`
+//! substitutes tokens into (see that method's doc comment for why this
+//! template is a representative subset of `breadbar::theme::load_css`'s
+//! full stylesheet rather than a byte-for-byte copy of it).
+//!
+//! All are read with `include_str!` so a broken build can't ship without
+//! them, and so [`super`] never touches the filesystem for a builtin — it
+//! must work identically whether or not `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` exists at all.
+
+pub const LIQUID_MOTION_ID: &str = "liquid-motion";
+
+const LIQUID_MOTION_TOML: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/liquid-motion/theme.toml"
+));
+
+const LIQUID_MOTION_CSS: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/liquid-motion/liquid-motion.css"
+));
+
+pub const GLASS_WORKBENCH_ID: &str = "glass-workbench";
+
+const GLASS_WORKBENCH_TOML: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/glass-workbench/theme.toml"
+));
+
+const GLASS_WORKBENCH_CSS: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/glass-workbench/glass-workbench.css"
+));
+
+pub const SPOTLIGHT_ID: &str = "spotlight";
+
+const SPOTLIGHT_TOML: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/spotlight/theme.toml"
+));
+
+const SPOTLIGHT_CSS: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/spotlight/spotlight.css"
+));
+
+pub const DAYLIGHT_ID: &str = "daylight";
+
+const DAYLIGHT_TOML: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/daylight/theme.toml"
+));
+
+const DAYLIGHT_CSS: &str = include_str!(concat!(
+    env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"),
+    "/assets/shell/daylight/daylight.css"
+));
+
+/// One compiled-in theme's identity plus its two `include_str!`ed assets.
+/// `id`/`name` are also duplicated inside `toml`'s own `id =`/`name =`
+/// fields — kept here too so [`all`]/[`find`] can list/look up a builtin
+/// without parsing TOML first (`super::list`'s builtin fallback entry, and
+/// `super::find_source`'s existence check, both run before any manifest
+/// parsing happens).
+pub struct BuiltinTheme {
+    pub id: &'static str,
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    pub toml: &'static str,
+    pub css: &'static str,
+}
+
+/// Every compiled-in theme, in the order [`super::list`] should present
+/// them. Adding a third builtin is one entry here plus its two asset files
+/// — nothing else in `mod.rs` names a specific builtin id except the always-
+/// -safe fallback ([`LIQUID_MOTION_ID`], deliberately still hardcoded at
+/// its one call site in `super::resolve_builtin` — see that function's doc
+/// comment for why that one reference must NOT become "whichever builtin is
+/// listed first").
+pub const ALL: &[BuiltinTheme] = &[
+    BuiltinTheme {
+        id: LIQUID_MOTION_ID,
+        name: "Liquid Motion",
+        toml: LIQUID_MOTION_TOML,
+        css: LIQUID_MOTION_CSS,
+    },
+    BuiltinTheme {
+        id: GLASS_WORKBENCH_ID,
+        name: "Glass Workbench",
+        toml: GLASS_WORKBENCH_TOML,
+        css: GLASS_WORKBENCH_CSS,
+    },
+    BuiltinTheme {
+        id: SPOTLIGHT_ID,
+        name: "Spotlight",
+        toml: SPOTLIGHT_TOML,
+        css: SPOTLIGHT_CSS,
+    },
+    BuiltinTheme {
+        id: DAYLIGHT_ID,
+        name: "Daylight",
+        toml: DAYLIGHT_TOML,
+        css: DAYLIGHT_CSS,
+    },
+];
+
+/// Looks up a compiled-in theme by id — `None` means "not a builtin",
+/// exactly like a miss in the user/system theme directories.
+pub fn find(id: &str) -> Option<&'static BuiltinTheme> {
+    ALL.iter().find(|t| t.id == id)
+}

bread-theme/src/shell/hotreload.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+//! `watch()` — only compiled under the `gtk` feature, since
+//! `gio::FileMonitor` is a gtk4 dependency and the rest of `shell` is
+//! deliberately gtk-free (`bread`/`breadcrumbs` link this crate without the
+//! `gtk` feature at all).
+
+use gtk4::gio;
+use gtk4::prelude::*;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+/// The handle [`watch`] returns. Keep it alive — dropping it disarms both
+/// the config-file watch and whichever theme directory is currently armed;
+/// there is nothing else to call on it.
+///
+/// Two independent [`gio::FileMonitor`]s live behind this, not one:
+/// - a fixed watch on `~/.config/bread/` (or `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/bread/`)
+///   for `shell.toml` itself, so a change to the *active* theme id is
+///   noticed at all;
+/// - a swappable watch on whichever theme directory is currently active,
+///   re-armed onto the new directory whenever the config watch observes
+///   `active` changing (see [`watch`]'s doc comment for what this does and
+///   does not cover).
+pub struct ThemeWatch {
+    _config_monitor: Option<gio::FileMonitor>,
+    // `Rc<RefCell<..>>` (rather than a plain field) because the config
+    // watch's own callback needs to replace this monitor in place when the
+    // active theme changes, while this struct is what keeps it alive for
+    // the caller.
+    _theme_monitor: Rc<RefCell<Option<gio::FileMonitor>>>,
+}
+
+/// Best-effort: `monitor_directory` on `dir` can fail (e.g.
+/// `fs.inotify.max_user_watches` exhausted) — that must never be fatal, per
+/// this crate's "the shell must never fail to start because a theme file is
+/// malformed" stance (`shell` module doc). Logs once per call site and
+/// returns `None` rather than panicking; the caller simply runs without a
+/// live watch for whatever this was meant to cover, same as
+/// `bread_theme::gtk::watch_theme_file`'s existing `.ok()?` stance for the
+/// shared-stylesheet watch.
+fn monitor_dir(dir: &std::path::Path, what: &str) -> Option<gio::FileMonitor> {
+    let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(dir);
+    match gio::File::for_path(dir).monitor_directory(gio::FileMonitorFlags::WATCH_MOVES, gio::Cancellable::NONE) {
+        Ok(m) => Some(m),
+        Err(err) => {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "bread-theme: could not create a file monitor for {what} ({}); \
+                 continuing without live reload for it",
+                err
+            );
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn theme_dir(id: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    super::user_theme_path(id)
+        .parent()
+        .expect("user_theme_path always has a parent")
+        .to_path_buf()
+}
+
+/// (Re-)arms `theme_monitor` on `id`'s own directory, replacing whatever was
+/// armed before (dropping the old [`gio::FileMonitor`] disarms it). Returns
+/// the id actually armed, so the caller can remember it for the "did the
+/// active id change" comparison in [`watch`]'s config-watch callback.
+fn arm_theme_watch(theme_monitor: &Rc<RefCell<Option<gio::FileMonitor>>>, id: &str, f: &Rc<dyn Fn(super::ShellTheme)>) {
+    let dir = theme_dir(id);
+    let monitor = monitor_dir(&dir, &format!("theme '{id}'s directory ({})", dir.display()));
+    if let Some(m) = &monitor {
+        let f = f.clone();
+        m.connect_changed(move |_, _file, _other, _event| {
+            f(super::load());
+        });
+    }
+    *theme_monitor.borrow_mut() = monitor;
+}
+
+/// Fires `f` with a freshly-[`super::load`]ed [`super::ShellTheme`] whenever
+/// the active theme's own directory changes on disk, AND re-arms itself onto
+/// a new theme's directory when `~/.config/bread/shell.toml`'s `active` key
+/// changes — so switching themes while a host is already running (e.g.
+/// bos-settings rewriting `active =`) picks up live edits to the *new*
+/// theme without a restart, not just edits to whichever theme happened to
+/// be active when `watch()` was first called.
+///
+/// Watches directories, not the files themselves, for the same reason
+/// `bread_theme::gtk::watch_theme_file` does (see that function's doc
+/// comment): an editor or `bread-theme` doing an atomic write-tmp-then-
+/// rename replaces the inode, and a monitor on the file itself dies after
+/// the first replace (inotify reports `DELETE_SELF` and never re-arms).
+///
+/// # What this does NOT cover
+///
+/// `$BREAD_SHELL_THEME` is a **single-process override for testing**, not
+/// the primary theme selector (`shell.toml`'s `active` key is — see the
+/// `shell` module doc's "Discovery" section) — precisely because an env var
+/// set for one process is invisible to any other, it cannot coordinate two
+/// already-running hosts (breadbar/breadbox) onto the same theme, and this
+/// watch cannot observe it changing either: it's read once per call to
+/// [`super::active_theme_id`] (i.e. once per `load()`/re-arm here), and
+/// there is no filesystem event to watch for a process's own environment
+/// changing out from under it. A host that wants to pick up a new
+/// `$BREAD_SHELL_THEME` value has to restart, same as before this fix.
+pub fn watch<F: Fn(super::ShellTheme) + 'static>(f: F) -> ThemeWatch {
+    let f: Rc<dyn Fn(super::ShellTheme)> = Rc::new(f);
+
+    let watched_id = Rc::new(RefCell::new(super::active_theme_id()));
+    let theme_monitor: Rc<RefCell<Option<gio::FileMonitor>>> = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
+    arm_theme_watch(&theme_monitor, &watched_id.borrow(), &f);
+
+    let config_dir = super::config_home().join("bread");
+    let config_monitor = monitor_dir(
+        &config_dir,
+        &format!("the shell config directory ({})", config_dir.display()),
+    );
+    if let Some(cm) = &config_monitor {
+        let theme_monitor = theme_monitor.clone();
+        let watched_id = watched_id.clone();
+        let f = f.clone();
+        cm.connect_changed(move |_, file, other, _event| {
+            // Only `shell.toml` changing can move `active` — ignore any
+            // other file (e.g. a theme directory that happens to also live
+            // under this same parent) so this doesn't re-check on every
+            // unrelated write in ~/.config/bread/.
+            let is_shell_toml = |f: &gio::File| {
+                f.basename().and_then(|b| b.to_str().map(str::to_string)) == Some("shell.toml".to_string())
+            };
+            if !is_shell_toml(file) && !other.is_some_and(is_shell_toml) {
+                return;
+            }
+            let new_id = super::active_theme_id();
+            if new_id == *watched_id.borrow() {
+                // shell.toml changed but `active` didn't (or moved to the
+                // same value) — the already-armed theme watch still covers
+                // whatever changed.
+                return;
+            }
+            *watched_id.borrow_mut() = new_id.clone();
+            arm_theme_watch(&theme_monitor, &new_id, &f);
+            f(super::load());
+        });
+    }
+
+    ThemeWatch {
+        _config_monitor: config_monitor,
+        _theme_monitor: theme_monitor,
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+    /// Isolated `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`, mirroring `shell::tests::isolated_xdg`
+    /// (can't reuse it directly — it's private to the parent module's own
+    /// `tests` submodule — but shares the same lock so the two test files
+    /// never race the same env vars).
+    struct EnvGuard {
+        _lock: std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, ()>,
+        dir: PathBuf,
+        old_xdg: Option<String>,
+        old_theme_var: Option<String>,
+    }
+
+    impl Drop for EnvGuard {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            match &self.old_xdg {
+                Some(v) => std::env::set_var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", v),
+                None => std::env::remove_var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"),
+            }
+            match &self.old_theme_var {
+                Some(v) => std::env::set_var("BREAD_SHELL_THEME", v),
+                None => std::env::remove_var("BREAD_SHELL_THEME"),
+            }
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&self.dir);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn isolated_xdg() -> EnvGuard {
+        let lock = crate::test_support::XDG_CONFIG_HOME_LOCK
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+            "bread-theme-hotreload-test-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                .duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+                .as_nanos()
+        ));
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        let old_xdg = std::env::var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME").ok();
+        let old_theme_var = std::env::var("BREAD_SHELL_THEME").ok();
+        std::env::set_var("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", &dir);
+        std::env::remove_var("BREAD_SHELL_THEME");
+        EnvGuard {
+            _lock: lock,
+            dir,
+            old_xdg,
+            old_theme_var,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_theme(xdg: &EnvGuard, id: &str, toml_body: &str) {
+        let dir = xdg.dir.join("bread/themes").join(id);
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(dir.join("theme.toml"), toml_body).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn write_shell_toml(xdg: &EnvGuard, active: &str) {
+        let dir = xdg.dir.join("bread");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(dir.join("shell.toml"), format!("active = \"{active}\"\n")).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    /// Pumps the default `glib::MainContext` (where `gio::FileMonitor`
+    /// dispatches its `connect_changed` signal) until `done()` returns
+    /// true or `timeout` elapses. Real inotify events go through the OS,
+    /// so this polls rather than blocking on a single iteration.
+    fn pump_until(timeout: std::time::Duration, mut done: impl FnMut() -> bool) {
+        let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+        let ctx = gtk4::glib::MainContext::default();
+        while !done() && start.elapsed() < timeout {
+            while ctx.iteration(false) {}
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(20));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn watch_arms_a_monitor_for_the_currently_active_theme() {
+        let xdg = isolated_xdg();
+        write_theme(&xdg, "liquid-motion", "id = \"liquid-motion\"\n");
+        let watch = watch(|_| {});
+        assert!(
+            watch._theme_monitor.borrow().is_some(),
+            "watch() should arm a monitor for the active theme's directory"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            watch._config_monitor.is_some(),
+            "watch() should arm a monitor for the shell config directory too"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn editing_the_active_theme_directory_fires_the_callback() {
+        let xdg = isolated_xdg();
+        write_theme(&xdg, "custom", "id = \"custom\"\n[tokens]\npad = 1\n");
+        write_shell_toml(&xdg, "custom");
+
+        let calls = Rc::new(RefCell::new(0));
+        let calls2 = calls.clone();
+        let _watch = watch(move |_| *calls2.borrow_mut() += 1);
+
+        write_theme(&xdg, "custom", "id = \"custom\"\n[tokens]\npad = 2\n");
+        pump_until(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3), || *calls.borrow() > 0);
+
+        assert!(
+            *calls.borrow() > 0,
+            "editing the active theme's own directory should fire the watch callback"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn switching_the_active_theme_re_arms_onto_the_new_directory() {
+        // This is the coordination gap the fix closes: before it, `watch()`
+        // resolved the active theme's directory once and pinned a monitor
+        // there forever, so a `shell.toml` `active` switch left the OLD
+        // theme's edits observed and the NEW theme's edits invisible until
+        // a restart.
+        let xdg = isolated_xdg();
+        write_theme(&xdg, "theme-a", "id = \"theme-a\"\n[tokens]\npad = 1\n");
+        write_theme(&xdg, "theme-b", "id = \"theme-b\"\n[tokens]\npad = 1\n");
+        write_shell_toml(&xdg, "theme-a");
+
+        let seen_ids = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Vec::<String>::new()));
+        let seen_ids2 = seen_ids.clone();
+        let _watch = watch(move |theme| seen_ids2.borrow_mut().push(theme.id().to_string()));
+
+        // Switch active to theme-b.
+        write_shell_toml(&xdg, "theme-b");
+        pump_until(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3), || {
+            seen_ids.borrow().iter().any(|id| id == "theme-b")
+        });
+        assert!(
+            seen_ids.borrow().iter().any(|id| id == "theme-b"),
+            "switching shell.toml's active id should fire the callback with the new theme: {:?}",
+            seen_ids.borrow()
+        );
+
+        seen_ids.borrow_mut().clear();
+
+        // Now edit theme-b's own directory — the re-armed watch must see it.
+        write_theme(&xdg, "theme-b", "id = \"theme-b\"\n[tokens]\npad = 2\n");
+        pump_until(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3), || !seen_ids.borrow().is_empty());
+        assert!(
+            !seen_ids.borrow().is_empty(),
+            "after switching, editing the NEW active theme's directory must fire the callback"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn monitor_dir_degrades_gracefully_instead_of_panicking() {
+        // A directory that cannot possibly be created (its parent is a
+        // plain file, not a directory) — `create_dir_all` fails, and this
+        // must not panic either way `monitor_directory` then behaves.
+        let xdg = isolated_xdg();
+        let blocker = xdg.dir.join("not-a-directory");
+        std::fs::write(&blocker, b"x").unwrap();
+        let impossible = blocker.join("child").join("grandchild");
+
+        // Must not panic; may or may not return a monitor depending on
+        // glib's own behavior for a directory that doesn't exist yet, but
+        // this call itself is infallible from the caller's point of view.
+        let _ = monitor_dir(&impossible, "test");
+    }
+}

bread-theme/src/shell/manifest.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+//! `theme.toml` deserialization, validation, and resolution into
+//! [`crate::shell::ShellTheme`].
+//!
+//! Two layers on purpose: `Raw*` types mirror the TOML shape exactly (every
+//! field optional, `deny_unknown_fields` everywhere so a typo'd key is a
+//! hard error naming that key rather than a silent no-op) and know nothing
+//! about defaults; [`RawManifest::resolve`] is the one place defaults get
+//! filled and string enums get validated, producing the fully-resolved
+//! types in `types.rs`.
+
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context};
+use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+
+use super::types::*;
+
+/// Module names a slot entry may reference without recompiling anything —
+/// plan §2 tier 1/2 (declarative slots) plus the `widget:*` escape hatch
+/// (tier 3, validated separately since its suffix is open-ended). This is
+/// intentionally the set the *current* theme and the plan's own schema
+/// example use; Phase 3 (breadbar's module registry) is the place a new
+/// built-in module name gets added for real.
+const KNOWN_MODULES: &[&str] = &[
+    "workspaces",
+    "media",
+    "clock",
+    "volume",
+    "wifi",
+    "battery",
+    "control",
+    "launcher_entry",
+    "launcher_results",
+    // `02-glass-workbench` (plan §11 phase 5): plain right-side stat chips,
+    // reusing the same `AppInput::StatsUpdate` data the control panel's
+    // sys-grid already receives — see breadbar's `bar::slots` module docs.
+    "cpu",
+    "ram",
+];
+
+pub(super) fn validate_module_name(theme_id: &str, slot: &str, module: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    if module.starts_with("widget:") || KNOWN_MODULES.contains(&module) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    bail!(
+        "theme '{theme_id}': slot \"{slot}\" references unknown module \"{module}\" \
+         (known modules: {}, or widget:<lua-module-name>)",
+        KNOWN_MODULES.join(", ")
+    );
+}
+
+pub(super) fn validate_slots(raw: &RawManifest, theme_id: &str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let Some(bar) = &raw.bar else { return Ok(()) };
+    let Some(slots) = &bar.slots else {
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+    for (slot_name, list) in [
+        ("left", &slots.left),
+        ("centre", &slots.centre),
+        ("right", &slots.right),
+        ("drawer", &slots.drawer),
+    ] {
+        for module in list {
+            validate_module_name(theme_id, slot_name, module)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawManifest {
+    pub(super) name: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) id: Option<String>,
+    /// Present only so `extends` deserializes as a *known* field (otherwise
+    /// `deny_unknown_fields` would reject every theme that sets it). The
+    /// value itself is read straight off the raw `toml::Value` in
+    /// `mod.rs::resolve_theme` — before this struct exists — since the
+    /// merge has to happen ahead of (and separately from) deserialization.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub(super) extends: Option<String>,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub(super) tokens: HashMap<String, toml::Value>,
+    pub(super) bar: Option<RawBar>,
+    pub(super) modules: Option<RawModules>,
+    pub(super) launcher: Option<RawLauncher>,
+    pub(super) surfaces: Option<HashMap<String, RawSurface>>,
+    pub(super) compositor: Option<HashMap<String, RawLayerRule>>,
+    /// Overlay CSS path, resolved relative to the theme file's own
+    /// directory, appended last by `ShellTheme::css`. Declared-but-not-yet-
+    /// consumed in production: `ShellTheme::css` (the only reader of this
+    /// field's resolved `extra_css`) is not called by breadbar or breadbox
+    /// today — see that method's doc comment. Setting this key is currently
+    /// a no-op for a real running shell (it IS exercised by this crate's own
+    /// tests). (Schema note: plan §4
+    /// shows `css = "extra.css"` textually after the `[compositor]` table
+    /// with no table header of its own between them, which in real TOML
+    /// would nest it *inside* `[compositor]`. Treated here as a top-level
+    /// field per §5's `css()` doc — see this crate's implementation notes.)
+    pub(super) css: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawBar {
+    pub(super) window: Option<RawWindow>,
+    pub(super) slots: Option<RawSlots>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawWindow {
+    pub(super) anchors: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub(super) width: Option<RawSize>,
+    pub(super) height: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) margin: Option<RawMargin>,
+    pub(super) exclusive: Option<RawExclusive>,
+    pub(super) keyboard: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) layer: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub(super) enum RawSize {
+    Named(String),
+    Px(i64),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub(super) enum RawExclusive {
+    Named(String),
+    Px(i64),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields, default)]
+pub(super) struct RawMargin {
+    pub(super) top: i64,
+    pub(super) left: i64,
+    pub(super) right: i64,
+    /// See [`super::types::Margin::bottom`] — accepted and resolved, but
+    /// breadbar never applies it.
+    pub(super) bottom: i64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields, default)]
+pub(super) struct RawSlots {
+    pub(super) left: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) centre: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) right: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) drawer: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawModules {
+    pub(super) workspaces: Option<RawWorkspacesModule>,
+    pub(super) clock: Option<RawClockModule>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawWorkspacesModule {
+    pub(super) style: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) show_empty: Option<bool>,
+    /// `[6, 10, 14, 18]`-shaped — see [`DotWidths`]. A length other than 4
+    /// is a hard error (validated in [`resolve_modules`]) rather than
+    /// silently truncated/padded, matching this file's "typo'd key is a
+    /// hard error" policy for enum-ish values.
+    pub(super) dot_widths: Option<Vec<i64>>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawClockModule {
+    pub(super) style: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) format: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) show_date: Option<bool>,
+    pub(super) placeholder_clock: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawLauncher {
+    pub(super) mode: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) width: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) top: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) radius: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) icon_px: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) row_anim: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) rule: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) footer: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) sections: Option<bool>,
+    pub(super) modes: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    pub(super) search_width: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) search_radius: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) row_radius: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) row_inset: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) row_padding_v: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) row_padding_h: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) icon_radius: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) search_font_size: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) search_padding_v: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) search_padding_h: Option<i64>,
+    pub(super) panel_alpha: Option<f64>,
+    pub(super) selection_alpha: Option<f64>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub(super) struct RawSurface {
+    pub(super) anchor: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) offset: Option<RawOffset>,
+    pub(super) width: Option<RawSurfaceWidth>,
+    pub(super) layer: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub(super) enum RawOffset {
+    Single(f64),
+    Pair([f64; 2]),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub(super) enum RawSurfaceWidth {
+    Named(String),
+    Px(i64),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, serde::Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields, default)]
+pub(super) struct RawLayerRule {
+    pub(super) blur: Option<bool>,
+    pub(super) ignore_alpha: Option<f64>,
+    pub(super) blur_popups: Option<bool>,
+    pub(super) animation: Option<String>,
+    pub(super) no_anim: Option<bool>,
+}
+
+fn token_value(v: &toml::Value) -> anyhow::Result<TokenValue> {
+    match v {
+        toml::Value::String(s) => Ok(TokenValue::Str(s.clone())),
+        toml::Value::Integer(i) => Ok(TokenValue::Int(*i)),
+        toml::Value::Float(f) => Ok(TokenValue::Float(*f)),
+        toml::Value::Boolean(b) => Ok(TokenValue::Bool(*b)),
+        other => Err(anyhow!("must be a string, number, or bool, got {other:?}")),
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_window(theme_id: &str, w: &RawWindow) -> anyhow::Result<WindowSpec> {
+    let default = WindowSpec::default();
+
+    let anchors = match &w.anchors {
+        Some(list) => {
+            for a in list {
+                if !matches!(a.as_str(), "top" | "bottom" | "left" | "right") {
+                    bail!(
+                        "theme '{theme_id}': bar.window.anchors contains unknown anchor \"{a}\" \
+                         (expected top|bottom|left|right)"
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            list.clone()
+        }
+        None => default.anchors,
+    };
+
+    let width = match &w.width {
+        Some(RawSize::Named(s)) if s == "fill" => Width::Fill,
+        Some(RawSize::Named(other)) => bail!(
+            "theme '{theme_id}': bar.window.width = \"{other}\" is not \"fill\" \
+             (use a bare number for a fixed width)"
+        ),
+        Some(RawSize::Px(n)) => Width::Px(*n as i32),
+        None => default.width,
+    };
+
+    let height = w.height.map(|h| h as i32).unwrap_or(default.height);
+
+    let margin = w
+        .margin
+        .as_ref()
+        .map(|m| Margin {
+            top: m.top as i32,
+            left: m.left as i32,
+            right: m.right as i32,
+            bottom: m.bottom as i32,
+        })
+        .unwrap_or(default.margin);
+
+    let exclusive = match &w.exclusive {
+        Some(RawExclusive::Named(s)) if s == "auto" => Exclusive::Auto,
+        Some(RawExclusive::Named(s)) if s == "none" => Exclusive::None,
+        Some(RawExclusive::Named(other)) => bail!(
+            "theme '{theme_id}': bar.window.exclusive = \"{other}\" is not \"auto\" or \"none\" \
+             (use a bare number for a fixed exclusive zone)"
+        ),
+        Some(RawExclusive::Px(n)) => Exclusive::Px(*n as i32),
+        None => default.exclusive,
+    };
+
+    let keyboard = match w.keyboard.as_deref() {
+        None => default.keyboard,
+        Some("none") => Keyboard::None,
+        Some("on_demand") => Keyboard::OnDemand,
+        Some("exclusive") => Keyboard::Exclusive,
+        Some(other) => bail!(
+            "theme '{theme_id}': bar.window.keyboard = \"{other}\" is not none|on_demand|exclusive"
+        ),
+    };
+
+    let layer = match w.layer.as_deref() {
+        None => default.layer,
+        Some("top") => "top".to_string(),
+        Some("overlay") => "overlay".to_string(),
+        Some(other) => {
+            bail!("theme '{theme_id}': bar.window.layer = \"{other}\" is not top|overlay")
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(WindowSpec {
+        anchors,
+        width,
+        height,
+        margin,
+        exclusive,
+        keyboard,
+        layer,
+    })
+}
+
+fn resolve_modules(theme_id: &str, m: Option<&RawModules>) -> anyhow::Result<Modules> {
+    let ws = m.and_then(|m| m.workspaces.as_ref());
+    let style = match ws.and_then(|w| w.style.as_deref()) {
+        None => WorkspaceStyle::Trail,
+        Some("trail") => WorkspaceStyle::Trail,
+        Some("pill") => WorkspaceStyle::Pill,
+        Some("dots") => WorkspaceStyle::Dots,
+        Some(other) => bail!(
+            "theme '{theme_id}': modules.workspaces.style = \"{other}\" is not trail|pill|dots"
+        ),
+    };
+    let show_empty = ws.and_then(|w| w.show_empty).unwrap_or(true);
+    let dot_widths = match ws.and_then(|w| w.dot_widths.as_ref()) {
+        None => DEFAULT_DOT_WIDTHS,
+        Some(v) if v.len() == 4 => [v[0] as i32, v[1] as i32, v[2] as i32, v[3] as i32],
+        Some(v) => bail!(
+            "theme '{theme_id}': modules.workspaces.dot_widths has {} entries, expected 4 \
+             (0/1/2/3-or-more open windows)",
+            v.len()
+        ),
+    };
+
+    let ck = m.and_then(|m| m.clock.as_ref());
+    let cstyle = match ck.and_then(|c| c.style.as_deref()) {
+        None => ClockStyle::Flip,
+        Some("flip") => ClockStyle::Flip,
+        Some("plain") => ClockStyle::Plain,
+        Some("none") => ClockStyle::None,
+        Some(other) => {
+            bail!("theme '{theme_id}': modules.clock.style = \"{other}\" is not flip|plain|none")
+        }
+    };
+    let format = ck
+        .and_then(|c| c.format.clone())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "%H:%M".to_string());
+    let show_date = ck.and_then(|c| c.show_date).unwrap_or(false);
+    let placeholder_clock = ck.and_then(|c| c.placeholder_clock).unwrap_or(false);
+
+    Ok(Modules {
+        workspaces: WorkspacesModule {
+            style,
+            show_empty,
+            dot_widths,
+        },
+        clock: ClockModule {
+            style: cstyle,
+            format,
+            show_date,
+            placeholder_clock,
+        },
+    })
+}
+
+fn resolve_launcher(theme_id: &str, l: Option<&RawLauncher>) -> anyhow::Result<Launcher> {
+    let mode = match l.and_then(|l| l.mode.as_deref()) {
+        None => LauncherMode::Overlay,
+        Some("overlay") => LauncherMode::Overlay,
+        Some("embedded") => LauncherMode::Embedded,
+        Some(other) => {
+            bail!("theme '{theme_id}': launcher.mode = \"{other}\" is not overlay|embedded")
+        }
+    };
+    let width = l.and_then(|l| l.width).unwrap_or(540) as i32;
+    let radius = l.and_then(|l| l.radius).unwrap_or(20) as i32;
+    Ok(Launcher {
+        mode,
+        width,
+        top: l
+            .and_then(|l| l.top.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "16%".to_string()),
+        radius,
+        icon_px: l.and_then(|l| l.icon_px).unwrap_or(36) as i32,
+        row_anim: l
+            .and_then(|l| l.row_anim.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "flip".to_string()),
+        rule: l
+            .and_then(|l| l.rule.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "gradient".to_string()),
+        footer: l
+            .and_then(|l| l.footer.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| "count_apps".to_string()),
+        sections: l.and_then(|l| l.sections).unwrap_or(false),
+        modes: l
+            .and_then(|l| l.modes.clone())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| vec!["apps".to_string()]),
+        // Default to the idle value — a theme that never sets these gets
+        // "no change while searching", not a hardcoded widen/shrink it
+        // never asked for (see the field docs on `Launcher`).
+        search_width: l.and_then(|l| l.search_width).map(|v| v as i32).unwrap_or(width),
+        search_radius: l.and_then(|l| l.search_radius).map(|v| v as i32).unwrap_or(radius),
+        // Defaults below reproduce breadbox's pre-redesign hardcoded CSS
+        // literals (`row { padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 6px; }`,
+        // `listbox { padding: 4px; }`, no icon swatch, a solid — not
+        // alpha-blended — selection fill), so a theme that omits this whole
+        // block of new keys (spotlight does; its capsule doesn't read them
+        // at all) renders the same as before this change, not a jump to
+        // either built-in's specific numbers.
+        row_radius: l.and_then(|l| l.row_radius).unwrap_or(6) as i32,
+        row_inset: l.and_then(|l| l.row_inset).unwrap_or(4) as i32,
+        row_padding_v: l.and_then(|l| l.row_padding_v).unwrap_or(8) as i32,
+        row_padding_h: l.and_then(|l| l.row_padding_h).unwrap_or(12) as i32,
+        icon_radius: l.and_then(|l| l.icon_radius).unwrap_or(0) as i32,
+        search_font_size: l.and_then(|l| l.search_font_size).unwrap_or(16) as i32,
+        search_padding_v: l.and_then(|l| l.search_padding_v).unwrap_or(12) as i32,
+        search_padding_h: l.and_then(|l| l.search_padding_h).unwrap_or(16) as i32,
+        // 0.93 default, not breadbox's historical 0.60: a launcher panel needs
+        // near-opacity to stay legible over a bright wallpaper.
+        panel_alpha: l.and_then(|l| l.panel_alpha).unwrap_or(0.93),
+        selection_alpha: l.and_then(|l| l.selection_alpha).unwrap_or(0.24),
+    })
+}
+
+fn resolve_surfaces(
+    theme_id: &str,
+    raw: Option<&HashMap<String, RawSurface>>,
+) -> anyhow::Result<BTreeMap<String, Surface>> {
+    let mut out = BTreeMap::new();
+    let Some(raw) = raw else { return Ok(out) };
+    for (namespace, s) in raw {
+        let anchor = match s.anchor.as_deref() {
+            Some(a @ ("top_right" | "bottom_right" | "bottom_centre" | "fill")) => a.to_string(),
+            Some(other) => bail!(
+                "theme '{theme_id}': surfaces.{namespace}.anchor = \"{other}\" is not \
+                 top_right|bottom_right|bottom_centre|fill (the only shapes breadbar's \
+                 satellite windows implement — see breadbar/src/surface.rs)"
+            ),
+            None => bail!(
+                "theme '{theme_id}': surfaces.{namespace} has no anchor set \
+                 (expected one of top_right|bottom_centre|fill)"
+            ),
+        };
+        let offset = match &s.offset {
+            None => vec![],
+            Some(RawOffset::Single(v)) => vec![*v],
+            Some(RawOffset::Pair(v)) => v.to_vec(),
+        };
+        let width = match &s.width {
+            None => SurfaceWidth::Auto,
+            Some(RawSurfaceWidth::Named(n)) if n == "fill" => SurfaceWidth::Fill,
+            Some(RawSurfaceWidth::Named(n)) if n == "auto" => SurfaceWidth::Auto,
+            Some(RawSurfaceWidth::Named(other)) => bail!(
+                "theme '{theme_id}': surfaces.{namespace}.width = \"{other}\" is not \"fill\" or \"auto\" \
+                 (use a bare number for a fixed width)"
+            ),
+            Some(RawSurfaceWidth::Px(n)) => SurfaceWidth::Px(*n as i32),
+        };
+        let layer = match s.layer.as_deref() {
+            None | Some("overlay") => "overlay".to_string(),
+            Some("top") => "top".to_string(),
+            Some(other) => bail!(
+                "theme '{theme_id}': surfaces.{namespace}.layer = \"{other}\" is not top|overlay"
+            ),
+        };
+        out.insert(
+            namespace.clone(),
+            Surface {
+                anchor,
+                offset,
+                width,
+                layer,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+fn resolve_compositor(raw: Option<&HashMap<String, RawLayerRule>>) -> BTreeMap<String, LayerRule> {
+    let mut out = BTreeMap::new();
+    let Some(raw) = raw else { return out };
+    for (namespace, r) in raw {
+        out.insert(
+            namespace.clone(),
+            LayerRule {
+                blur: r.blur.unwrap_or(false),
+                ignore_alpha: r.ignore_alpha,
+                blur_popups: r.blur_popups.unwrap_or(false),
+                animation: r.animation.clone(),
+                no_anim: r.no_anim.unwrap_or(false),
+            },
+        );
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+impl RawManifest {
+    /// Fill every default and validate every enum-ish string, producing a
+    /// fully-resolved [`super::ShellTheme`]. `requested_id` is the id this
+    /// manifest was looked up under (used as the id/name fallback when the
+    /// TOML omits `id`/`name`); `css_template` and `extra_css` are threaded
+    /// in by the discovery/extends logic in `mod.rs` since neither is a
+    /// plain TOML field (extra_css is *read from* a TOML field, `css`, but
+    /// resolving that path against the theme's own directory happens in the
+    /// caller, which is the only place that still has the directory handy).
+    pub(super) fn resolve(
+        &self,
+        requested_id: &str,
+        css_template: String,
+        extra_css: Option<String>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<super::ShellTheme> {
+        let id = self.id.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| requested_id.to_string());
+        let name = self.name.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| id.clone());
+
+        let mut tokens_map = BTreeMap::new();
+        for (k, v) in &self.tokens {
+            let tv = token_value(v).with_context(|| format!("theme '{id}': tokens.{k}"))?;
+            tokens_map.insert(k.clone(), tv);
+        }
+        let tokens = Tokens::from_map(tokens_map);
+
+        let window = match self.bar.as_ref().and_then(|b| b.window.as_ref()) {
+            Some(w) => resolve_window(&id, w)?,
+            None => WindowSpec::default(),
+        };
+
+        let slots = self
+            .bar
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|b| b.slots.as_ref())
+            .map(|s| Slots {
+                left: s.left.clone(),
+                centre: s.centre.clone(),
+                right: s.right.clone(),
+                drawer: s.drawer.clone(),
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let modules = resolve_modules(&id, self.modules.as_ref())?;
+        let launcher = resolve_launcher(&id, self.launcher.as_ref())?;
+        let surfaces = resolve_surfaces(&id, self.surfaces.as_ref())?;
+        let compositor = resolve_compositor(self.compositor.as_ref());
+
+        Ok(super::ShellTheme {
+            name,
+            id,
+            tokens,
+            window,
+            slots,
+            modules,
+            launcher,
+            surfaces,
+            compositor,
+            css_template,
+            extra_css,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deep-merge `over` onto `base`: tables merge key-by-key recursively;
+/// anything else (scalars, arrays — including slot lists) is a full
+/// replacement. This is `extends`'s one-level merge (plan §4/§11):
+/// `mod.rs` calls this exactly once per `load_named`, with the base's own
+/// `extends` key already stripped by the caller so a chain can't go deeper
+/// than one level.
+pub(super) fn merge_values(base: toml::Value, over: toml::Value) -> toml::Value {
+    match (base, over) {
+        (toml::Value::Table(mut base_t), toml::Value::Table(over_t)) => {
+            for (k, v) in over_t {
+                let merged = match base_t.remove(&k) {
+                    Some(existing) => merge_values(existing, v),
+                    None => v,
+                };
+                base_t.insert(k, merged);
+            }
+            toml::Value::Table(base_t)
+        }
+        (_, over) => over,
+    }
+}

bread-theme/src/shell/types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+//! Fully-resolved shell theme types — see `bread-theme/src/shell/mod.rs` for
+//! the module overview and `manifest.rs` for how these are built from TOML.
+//!
+//! Every type here has all defaults filled in; there is no further "is this
+//! set" branching once a `ShellTheme` exists. That resolution work happens
+//! once, in `manifest.rs`, so consumers (breadbar, breadbox, bos-settings)
+//! never have to know the manifest format at all.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+/// Workspace strip rendering. Phase 1 ships only `Trail` (what breadbar draws
+/// today); `Pill`/`Dots` exist now so 02/04 (plan §11 phases 5-6) are additive.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum WorkspaceStyle {
+    Trail,
+    Pill,
+    Dots,
+}
+
+/// Clock rendering. Phase 1 ships only `Flip` (today's per-digit flip clock).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ClockStyle {
+    Flip,
+    Plain,
+    None,
+}
+
+/// Dot pill widths (px) for 0/1/2/3-or-more open windows, `style = "dots"`
+/// (theme 04/spotlight). Index 3 covers "3 or more" — the demo's own dots
+/// never grow past that fourth width. Unused by `Trail`/`Pill`.
+pub type DotWidths = [i32; 4];
+
+/// The demo's own numbers (`04-spotlight.html`'s `.dots button[data-n="N"]`
+/// rules) — the default a theme gets if it sets `style = "dots"` but omits
+/// `dot_widths`.
+pub const DEFAULT_DOT_WIDTHS: DotWidths = [6, 10, 14, 18];
+
+/// How the launcher attaches to the shell. Phase 1 ships only `Overlay`
+/// (breadbox's own window); `Embedded` is theme 04's bar-drawer launcher.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum LauncherMode {
+    Overlay,
+    Embedded,
+}
+
+/// `gtk4_layer_shell::KeyboardMode` mirror, kept independent of the `gtk`
+/// feature so the manifest types stay usable without GTK linked in (bread,
+/// breadcrumbs). Values map 1:1 onto `KeyboardMode::{None,Exclusive,OnDemand}`
+/// (verified against gtk4-layer-shell 0.8.1's `src/auto/enums.rs`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Keyboard {
+    None,
+    OnDemand,
+    Exclusive,
+}
+
+/// `bar.window.width` / a surface's `width`: `"fill"` spans the anchored
+/// edges, a bare number is a fixed/centred/hug width.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Width {
+    Fill,
+    Px(i32),
+}
+
+/// `bar.window.exclusive`: `"auto"` reserves `height + margin.top`, `"none"`
+/// reserves nothing (theme 04's capsule), or a literal pixel override.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Exclusive {
+    Auto,
+    None,
+    Px(i32),
+}
+
+/// A satellite surface's width: unlike the bar window, a satellite can also
+/// be `Auto` — sized by its own content/CSS with no `set_default_width` call
+/// at all. `breadbar-panel` is exactly this today (popover content decides
+/// its width via `.control-panel-inner`/`.wifi-popover-inner` min-width, not
+/// the layer-shell window).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
+pub enum SurfaceWidth {
+    Fill,
+    Auto,
+    Px(i32),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub struct Margin {
+    pub top: i32,
+    pub left: i32,
+    pub right: i32,
+    /// Declared-but-not-yet-consumed: parsed and carried all the way
+    /// through resolution, but breadbar only calls
+    /// `gtk4_layer_shell::LayerShell::set_margin` for
+    /// `Edge::{Top,Left,Right}` (`breadbar/src/main.rs`) — there is no
+    /// `Edge::Bottom` call anywhere in that crate. All three built-in
+    /// themes happen to omit `margin.bottom` (defaulting to 0, this
+    /// struct's own `Default`), which is exactly why the gap has stayed
+    /// invisible: a theme author who *does* set it would see no effect.
+    pub bottom: i32,
+}
+
+/// `bar.window` — plan §2: window shape is data, not a closed layout enum.
+/// Island/Edge/Capsule are three *values* of this struct, not three code
+/// paths.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct WindowSpec {
+    pub anchors: Vec<String>,
+    pub width: Width,
+    pub height: i32,
+    pub margin: Margin,
+    pub exclusive: Exclusive,
+    pub keyboard: Keyboard,
+    pub layer: String,
+}
+
+impl Default for WindowSpec {
+    /// Generic baseline for a theme that omits `[bar.window]` entirely —
+    /// deliberately the plan §4 schema example's numbers, not necessarily
+    /// any particular shipped theme's. `liquid-motion` sets every field
+    /// explicitly, so it never falls through to this.
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        WindowSpec {
+            anchors: vec!["top".into(), "left".into(), "right".into()],
+            width: Width::Fill,
+            height: 44,
+            margin: Margin {
+                top: 12,
+                left: 14,
+                right: 14,
+                bottom: 0,
+            },
+            exclusive: Exclusive::Auto,
+            keyboard: Keyboard::None,
+            layer: "top".into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `bar.slots` — plan §2: structure is slots, not layout code. `drawer` is
+/// the only thing Capsule/theme-04 adds over Island, and it's just an
+/// (empty, for now) slot list, not a code path.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub struct Slots {
+    pub left: Vec<String>,
+    pub centre: Vec<String>,
+    pub right: Vec<String>,
+    pub drawer: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct WorkspacesModule {
+    pub style: WorkspaceStyle,
+    pub show_empty: bool,
+    /// `style = "dots"` only — see [`DotWidths`]. Trail/Pill ignore this.
+    pub dot_widths: DotWidths,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ClockModule {
+    pub style: ClockStyle,
+    /// Consumed only by `ClockStyle::Plain` (`breadbar::bar::clock`'s
+    /// `formatted()`, called from `main.rs` only in the `Plain` arm) —
+    /// `Flip` and `None` never read it; `Flip`'s own `time()` hardcodes a
+    /// 24h `HH:MM` layout regardless of this field. All three built-in
+    /// themes set `format = "%H:%M"` (which happens to match `Flip`'s
+    /// hardcoded layout, masking the gap for two of the three styles); see
+    /// each `theme.toml`'s own note next to it for which styles actually
+    /// honour this.
+    pub format: String,
+    /// Consumed only by `ClockStyle::Plain`, same scoping as
+    /// [`Self::format`] — `date_lbl` is only ever attached under the
+    /// `Plain` arm's box, so this value can never be observed under
+    /// `Flip`/`None`. Currently harmless in practice (every built-in theme
+    /// that isn't `Plain` sets this `false`, so there's nothing to ignore),
+    /// but the same "declared, scoped to one style" caveat as `format`
+    /// applies.
+    pub show_date: bool,
+    /// `style = "none"` + this `true`: no module renders a clock label of
+    /// its own — `launcher_entry`'s placeholder text becomes the time
+    /// instead (theme 04/spotlight: the capsule's entry IS the clock until
+    /// focused, per `04-spotlight.html`'s `q.placeholder = t`). Meaningless
+    /// for `Flip`/`Plain`, which already show a time some other way.
+    pub placeholder_clock: bool,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Modules {
+    pub workspaces: WorkspacesModule,
+    pub clock: ClockModule,
+}
+
+// No `Eq`: `selection_alpha` is an `f64`, which doesn't implement it.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Launcher {
+    pub mode: LauncherMode,
+    pub width: i32,
+    pub top: String,
+    pub radius: i32,
+    pub icon_px: i32,
+    pub row_anim: String,
+    pub rule: String,
+    /// Selects the footer label's noun — `"count_apps"` renders
+    /// `"{n} applications"`, anything else (`"count_results"` included)
+    /// renders `"{n} results"`. Consumed by `breadbox::main`'s footer label
+    /// (appended below `ResultsList::scroller`, updated on every
+    /// `set_query` call alongside the visible-row count).
+    pub footer: String,
+    /// Consumed by breadbar's embedded capsule (`breadbar::main::run_ui`,
+    /// passed straight to `ResultsList::new`) for every theme, and by
+    /// breadbox's own overlay (`breadbox::main::run_ui`) as of the
+    /// liquid-motion/glass-workbench redesign — `true` groups the idle
+    /// (empty-query) view into "Recent"/"Apps" headers via
+    /// `bread_launcher::gtk::split_sections`, `false` reproduces the flat
+    /// list. breadbox no longer hardcodes `false` at its `ResultsList::new`
+    /// call site; it reads this field.
+    pub sections: bool,
+    pub modes: Vec<String>,
+    /// `LauncherMode::Embedded` only (theme 04/spotlight, plan §7 phase 6c):
+    /// the capsule's own width while a search is in progress
+    /// (`04-spotlight.html`: `.searching .capsule { width: 520px }` vs the
+    /// idle 480px). Defaults to `width` (no widen) for a theme that omits
+    /// it, so an `Overlay`-mode theme — which never reads this field at all
+    /// — and an `Embedded` theme that just doesn't want the widen both fall
+    /// back to "no change" rather than a hardcoded magic number.
+    pub search_width: i32,
+    /// `LauncherMode::Embedded` only: `border-radius` while searching
+    /// (`04-spotlight.html`: `.searching .capsule { border-radius: 20px }`
+    /// vs the collapsed 22px `radius`). Same default-to-`radius` fallback
+    /// reasoning as `search_width`.
+    pub search_radius: i32,
+    /// Result row `border-radius` (px) — `breadbox::main::build_css`'s
+    /// `row { border-radius: ... }`. Liquid Motion's soft 12px vs Glass
+    /// Workbench's dense 6px is the clearest single signal that the two
+    /// themes are different instruments, not one launcher recoloured.
+    pub row_radius: i32,
+    /// Result row horizontal inset (px) from the panel's edge —
+    /// `row { margin: 0 {row_inset}px; }`. Mirrors the demos' `.bx .r`
+    /// `margin: 0 Npx` rule (liquid-motion 8px, glass-workbench 6px).
+    pub row_inset: i32,
+    /// Result row vertical padding (px) — `row { padding: {row_padding_v}px
+    /// {row_padding_h}px; }`'s first component.
+    pub row_padding_v: i32,
+    /// Result row horizontal padding (px) — same rule's second component.
+    pub row_padding_h: i32,
+    /// Row icon `border-radius` (px) — `breadbox::main::build_css`'s
+    /// `image { border-radius: ...; }`, paired with `icon_px` for the
+    /// swatch's size. Liquid Motion's rounder 9px vs Glass Workbench's
+    /// tighter 5px.
+    pub icon_radius: i32,
+    /// Search entry font-size (px) — distinct from `tokens.font_size_base`
+    /// (which sizes the result rows): both demos give the search field a
+    /// larger face than its rows (liquid-motion 16 vs its rows' 14,
+    /// glass-workbench 14 vs its rows' 13).
+    pub search_font_size: i32,
+    /// Search entry vertical padding (px).
+    pub search_padding_v: i32,
+    /// Search entry horizontal padding (px).
+    pub search_padding_h: i32,
+    /// Opacity of the launcher PANEL itself, distinct from `tokens.bg_alpha`
+    /// (which governs the thin bar). A bar can be very translucent and stay
+    /// readable because it is 36-44px tall over a small slice of wallpaper; a
+    /// full launcher panel at the same alpha washes out badly over a bright
+    /// wallpaper and its text becomes hard to read. The approved reference
+    /// uses 0.95 (glass-workbench) and 0.93 (liquid-motion); breadbox
+    /// previously hardcoded 0.60, which is what made it look washed out.
+    pub panel_alpha: f64,
+    /// Selected/hovered row background: `alpha(@accent, selection_alpha)`.
+    /// Liquid Motion's softer 0.22 vs Glass Workbench's denser 0.28 — see
+    /// each demo's `.bx .r.sel` rule.
+    pub selection_alpha: f64,
+}
+
+/// A satellite surface, keyed by layer-shell namespace in `[surfaces.*]` —
+/// deliberately the same keyspace as `[compositor.*]` (see module docs)
+/// rather than a role name, so the two tables can be validated against each
+/// other and a namespace's positioning and compositor treatment live under
+/// one lookup.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Surface {
+    /// One of `top_right`/`bottom_right`/`bottom_centre`/`fill` — validated
+    /// in `manifest.rs::resolve_surfaces` against the shapes
+    /// `breadbar/src/surface.rs::apply` actually implements, the same
+    /// "typo'd key is a hard error" policy this field's siblings
+    /// (`width`, `layer`) already got. Required, not defaulted: a surface
+    /// entry with no anchor at all is as much a hard `theme.toml` error as
+    /// an unrecognized one.
+    ///
+    /// `bottom_right` (daylight, plan §11 phase 7) added alongside the
+    /// original three: every built-in theme before it anchored its bar to
+    /// the TOP, so `breadbar-notif`/`breadbar-panel` popping up from
+    /// `top_right` always sat naturally close to the bar. A bottom-anchored
+    /// bar has no shape in the original three that keeps those satellites
+    /// near it — `top_right` would put them at the opposite corner of the
+    /// screen from the dock they visually belong to. `offset` is
+    /// `[right, bottom]` for this anchor, the same two-element convention
+    /// `top_right`'s `[right, top]` already uses.
+    pub anchor: String,
+    pub offset: Vec<f64>,
+    pub width: SurfaceWidth,
+    pub layer: String,
+}
+
+/// One `[compositor.*]` entry — plan §9: the per-namespace layer-shell rule
+/// an app ships as its default and a theme may override. Mirrors the field
+/// set `hl.layer_rule` actually accepts in `scripts/ui/rules.lua` (blur,
+/// ignore_alpha, blur_popups, animation, no_anim) — that Lua API isn't in
+/// hyprland-api.lua's type annotations, so this field set is evidenced by
+/// working usage, not documentation (plan §12 risk 3).
+///
+/// Also `Serialize`: this is the per-namespace shape written to
+/// `~/.config/hypr/layerrules.json` by `bread_theme::layerrules` (plan §9
+/// step 3-4), which `scripts/ui/rules.lua` parses back into `hl.layer_rule`
+/// calls. `Option::None` fields are omitted rather than emitted as `null` —
+/// the Lua JSON reader treats a missing key and a `null` value identically
+/// (assigning `nil` into a table key is a no-op), so either encoding is
+/// correct, but omitting keeps the file legible for hand inspection.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default, serde::Serialize)]
+pub struct LayerRule {
+    pub blur: bool,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub ignore_alpha: Option<f64>,
+    pub blur_popups: bool,
+    /// Passed through verbatim to `hl.layer_rule`'s `animation` field
+    /// (`"slide top"`, `"slide bottom"`, …) — kept as a plain string rather
+    /// than a closed enum since `hl.layer_rule`'s own field set is only
+    /// evidenced by working usage in `rules.lua`, not documented (plan §12
+    /// risk 3); a closed Rust enum here would need updating in lockstep
+    /// with Hyprland additions this crate has no way to know about.
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub animation: Option<String>,
+    pub no_anim: bool,
+}
+
+/// A raw TOML scalar carried through to [`Tokens`] for `{name}` substitution
+/// in [`crate::shell::ShellTheme::css`]. Kept untyped (rather than forcing
+/// every token into a `String`) so `css()` can format a number without a
+/// theme author having to quote it, while `bg_alpha = 0.72` etc. still round
+/// -trips as a real float for any future non-string consumer.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum TokenValue {
+    Str(String),
+    Int(i64),
+    Float(f64),
+    Bool(bool),
+}
+
+impl TokenValue {
+    /// Textual form used both for `{name}` substitution in CSS and for the
+    /// typed accessors' fallback formatting.
+    pub fn as_css(&self) -> String {
+        match self {
+            TokenValue::Str(s) => s.clone(),
+            TokenValue::Int(i) => i.to_string(),
+            TokenValue::Float(f) => {
+                if f.fract() == 0.0 {
+                    format!("{f:.0}")
+                } else {
+                    f.to_string()
+                }
+            }
+            TokenValue::Bool(b) => b.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `[tokens]`, resolved. Deliberately an open bag (`BTreeMap`), not a fixed
+/// struct: the schema (plan §4) names eleven fields, but a theme may define
+/// arbitrary extra keys purely for `{name}` substitution in `extra.css`
+/// (`radius_pill`, `chip_height`, `icon_px`, `spring_settle` below are all
+/// exactly this — real values `theme.rs::load_css` uses today that the plan
+/// text's `[tokens]` example didn't list). The named accessors below give
+/// the documented fields typed access with sensible defaults; [`Tokens::get`]
+/// and [`Tokens::substitute`] cover everything else.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub struct Tokens {
+    pub(crate) map: BTreeMap<String, TokenValue>,
+}
+
+impl Tokens {
+    pub fn from_map(map: BTreeMap<String, TokenValue>) -> Self {
+        Tokens { map }
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&TokenValue> {
+        self.map.get(key)
+    }
+
+    pub fn keys(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
+        self.map.keys().map(|s| s.as_str())
+    }
+
+    fn str_or(&self, key: &str, default: &str) -> String {
+        match self.map.get(key) {
+            Some(v) => v.as_css(),
+            None => default.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn int_or(&self, key: &str, default: i64) -> i64 {
+        match self.map.get(key) {
+            Some(TokenValue::Int(i)) => *i,
+            Some(TokenValue::Float(f)) => *f as i64,
+            Some(TokenValue::Str(s)) => s.parse().unwrap_or(default),
+            _ => default,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn float_or(&self, key: &str, default: f64) -> f64 {
+        match self.map.get(key) {
+            Some(TokenValue::Float(f)) => *f,
+            Some(TokenValue::Int(i)) => *i as f64,
+            Some(TokenValue::Str(s)) => s.parse().unwrap_or(default),
+            _ => default,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Same fallback shape as [`Self::str_or`]/[`Self::int_or`]/
+    /// [`Self::float_or`] for a `TokenValue::Bool`. First consumer: `light`
+    /// below (theme 05/daylight, plan §11 phase 7) — every existing token is
+    /// a string/number, this is the first bool-shaped one, hence the new
+    /// helper rather than reusing one of the three above.
+    fn bool_or(&self, key: &str, default: bool) -> bool {
+        match self.map.get(key) {
+            Some(TokenValue::Bool(b)) => *b,
+            Some(TokenValue::Str(s)) => s.parse().unwrap_or(default),
+            _ => default,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Consumed by `breadbox::main::build_css` for the launcher panel's
+    /// `font-family` (the `entry.search`/`row` rule) as of the
+    /// liquid-motion/glass-workbench redesign — combined with
+    /// [`Self::font_fallback`] into a CSS font stack. Still NOT consumed by
+    /// `breadbar` (bar/chip/clock text) or by [`crate::stylesheet`]'s
+    /// ecosystem-wide base rule, which still hardcodes
+    /// `crate::tokens::FONT_FAMILY` for every non-launcher widget — this is
+    /// a scoped, launcher-only wire-up, not the full "per-shell-theme font
+    /// everywhere" replacement a `stylesheet()` owner would need to decide
+    /// on separately.
+    pub fn font_family(&self) -> String {
+        self.str_or("font_family", crate::tokens::FONT_FAMILY)
+    }
+    /// See [`Self::font_family`] — same scoped (launcher-only) consumption,
+    /// appended after `font_family` in the CSS font stack breadbox builds.
+    pub fn font_fallback(&self) -> String {
+        self.str_or("font_fallback", "sans-serif")
+    }
+    /// Consumed by `breadbox::main::build_css` for the result rows'
+    /// `font-size` (the search entry uses `[launcher].search_font_size`
+    /// instead — both demos give the search field a larger face than its
+    /// rows). Still not read by `breadbar`.
+    pub fn font_size_base(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("font_size_base", crate::tokens::FONT_SIZE_BASE as i64)
+    }
+    pub fn radius_bar(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("radius_bar", crate::tokens::RADIUS_PRIMARY as i64)
+    }
+    pub fn radius_card(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("radius_card", crate::tokens::RADIUS_PRIMARY as i64)
+    }
+    pub fn radius_sm(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("radius_sm", crate::tokens::RADIUS_SECONDARY as i64)
+    }
+    /// Not in the plan §4 schema list, but a named local in
+    /// `theme.rs::load_css` (`radius_pill = "999px"`) alongside the three
+    /// siblings that are. See the [`Tokens`] doc comment.
+    pub fn radius_pill(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("radius_pill", crate::tokens::RADIUS_PILL as i64)
+    }
+    pub fn pad(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("pad", crate::tokens::SPACE_MD as i64)
+    }
+    pub fn bg_alpha(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.float_or("bg_alpha", 0.72)
+    }
+    /// The overshoot/bounce curve (`0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1`) — clock flips,
+    /// pop-ins, the workspace caret draw.
+    pub fn spring(&self) -> String {
+        self.str_or("spring", "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.35, 0.36, 1)")
+    }
+    /// The settle curve (`0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1`) — hovers, workspace-btn
+    /// opacity/background transitions, OSD/notification slide-ins. Not in
+    /// the plan §4 schema (which names only `spring`), but `theme.rs` uses
+    /// it just as pervasively as the overshoot curve. See [`Tokens`] doc.
+    pub fn spring_settle(&self) -> String {
+        self.str_or("spring_settle", "cubic-bezier(0.22, 1.2, 0.36, 1)")
+    }
+    pub fn accent_from(&self) -> String {
+        self.str_or("accent_from", "accent")
+    }
+    /// Was declared-but-not-yet-consumed in production through theme 04
+    /// (spotlight): breadbar's hand-rolled Trail CSS hardcoded the literal
+    /// gradient `linear-gradient(90deg, @accent, @teal)` instead of
+    /// substituting `accent_from`/`accent_to`, silently correct only because
+    /// liquid-motion's own `accent_from`/`accent_to` happened to be
+    /// `"accent"`/`"teal"` — the exact two names the hardcode already spelled
+    /// out. Theme 05 (daylight, plan §11 phase 7) is the first Trail-style
+    /// theme to set a *different* pair (`accent_from = accent_to = "teal"`,
+    /// a flat fill, not a gradient), which is what finally forced
+    /// `breadbar::theme::load_css`'s Trail branch to read this method for
+    /// real instead of the two literal names — see that function's own note
+    /// next to `.workspace-trail`.
+    pub fn accent_to(&self) -> String {
+        let from = self.accent_from();
+        self.str_or("accent_to", &from)
+    }
+    /// A second, independent accent for chrome that shouldn't track the
+    /// primary `accent_from`/`accent_to` pair — daylight (plan §11 phase 7)
+    /// is the first theme that needs one: its media-widget equaliser bars
+    /// are warm amber while the workspace trail/active-fill accent is deep
+    /// teal, so one `accent_from` value can no longer describe both.
+    /// Defaults to `accent_from` itself, which reproduces every earlier
+    /// theme's actual rendering byte-for-byte (liquid-motion/glass-
+    /// workbench/spotlight all paint their equaliser with the same accent
+    /// as everything else, and none of them sets this key). Consumed by
+    /// `breadbar::theme::load_css`'s `.media-eq-bar` rule.
+    pub fn accent2(&self) -> String {
+        let from = self.accent_from();
+        self.str_or("accent2", &from)
+    }
+    /// Whether this theme's surfaces are painted ink-on-paper (near-opaque
+    /// LIGHT fills with dark ink) rather than the glass-on-dark look every
+    /// earlier theme assumed — daylight (plan §11 phase 7) is the first
+    /// theme to set this `true`. Defaults `false`, reproducing every
+    /// existing theme's rendering unchanged.
+    ///
+    /// Exists because the palette's `bg`/`surface`/`overlay`/`fg` slots are
+    /// NEVER pywal-derived (`bread_theme::palette`'s `FIXED_*` constants —
+    /// deliberately, so a bright wallpaper can't turn the whole UI an
+    /// unreadable light colour by accident) — only the six accent slots
+    /// vary. That means there is no palette token whose value is a light
+    /// "paper" surface for a theme to reference by name; `@bg` is always
+    /// dark, `@on-bg` is always its computed-legible near-white ink.
+    /// `breadbar::theme::load_css` reads this flag to swap which of those
+    /// two *fixed, anti-correlated* tokens plays "surface fill" versus
+    /// "ink" for every translucent card/panel/hover-wash in the stylesheet
+    /// (`@on-bg` as the near-white fill, `@bg` as the near-black ink,
+    /// otherwise the reverse) — see that function's own `panel`/`ink`
+    /// locals. This works only because `@bg`/`@on-bg` are pinned opposite
+    /// constants by construction; it is not a general "pick any light
+    /// surface colour" mechanism, and this doc comment is the canonical
+    /// place that fact is written down (see the task report for the full
+    /// reasoning: the palette schema has no dedicated light-surface token).
+    pub fn light(&self) -> bool {
+        self.bool_or("light", false)
+    }
+    /// Workspace-pill / chip height. Not in the plan §4 schema, but
+    /// `breadbar::CHIP_HEIGHT` (32) today. See [`Tokens`] doc.
+    pub fn chip_height(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("chip_height", 32)
+    }
+    /// Not in the plan §4 schema, but `breadbar::ICON_PX` (24) today. See
+    /// [`Tokens`] doc.
+    pub fn icon_px(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.int_or("icon_px", 24)
+    }
+    /// Not in the plan §4 schema. `"full"` (default, liquid-motion's island)
+    /// draws a border on all four edges; `"bottom"` (glass-workbench's flush
+    /// edge-to-edge bar, plan §1) draws only the bottom hairline the demo's
+    /// `.bar { border-bottom: 1px solid #ffffff12 }` calls for — a floating
+    /// island's full border would otherwise render as a stray top/side line
+    /// flush against the screen edge. `"segmented"` (daylight, plan §11
+    /// phase 7) is a third value: `window.breadbar` itself gets NO fill,
+    /// border, or radius at all (fully transparent), and the bar's three
+    /// slot-group containers each carry their own pill surface instead (see
+    /// `breadbar::theme::load_css`'s `segmented`/`.bar-segment` locals) —
+    /// this is what lets one bar surface look like three detached floating
+    /// pills rather than one continuous strip. See [`Tokens`] doc; consumed
+    /// by `breadbar::theme::load_css`, not by [`crate::shell::ShellTheme::css`].
+    pub fn bar_border(&self) -> String {
+        self.str_or("bar_border", "full")
+    }
+
+    /// Replace every `{name}` occurrence in `template` with that token's
+    /// [`TokenValue::as_css`] form. Longest names are substituted first
+    /// (mirrors [`crate::resolve_color_names`]) so `{radius}` cannot
+    /// half-consume `{radius_bar}` if a theme happens to define both.
+    /// `@name` palette references are untouched — this only ever looks at
+    /// `{...}` tokens.
+    pub fn substitute(&self, template: &str) -> String {
+        let mut keys: Vec<&String> = self.map.keys().collect();
+        keys.sort_by_key(|k| std::cmp::Reverse(k.len()));
+        let mut out = template.to_string();
+        for k in keys {
+            let value = self.map[k].as_css();
+            out = out.replace(&format!("{{{k}}}"), &value);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+}

bread-utils/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ dirs = { workspace = true }
 gtk4 = { version = "0.11", features = ["v4_12"], optional = true }
 gtk4-layer-shell = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
 toml_edit = { version = "0.22", optional = true }
-bread-shared = { git = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread", tag = "v0.7.0", optional = true }
+bread-shared = { git = "https://git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread", tag = "v0.8.0", optional = true }
 
 [features]
 # Enable the layer-shell popup scaffold (breadbox, breadclip). Kept optional

bread-utils/src/bread_client.rs

@@ -14,10 +14,15 @@
 //!
 //! A sibling app must never crash or block because breadd is down,
 //! restarting, or was never installed. Concretely:
-//! - [`BreadClient::emit`] is a best-effort, fire-and-forget single-shot
-//!   connection (mirroring `bread-emit`'s own stance) — if breadd is
-//!   unreachable, the event is silently dropped, not an error the caller
-//!   has to handle.
+//! - [`BreadClient::emit`] and [`BreadClient::command`] are best-effort,
+//!   fire-and-forget single-shot connections (mirroring `bread-emit`'s
+//!   own stance) — if breadd is unreachable, the event is silently
+//!   dropped, not an error the caller has to handle.
+//! - [`BreadClient::health`] / [`BreadClient::api_version`] return `None`
+//!   when breadd is unreachable or the response is missing fields.
+//!   Long-running daemons SHOULD log a warning in that case and MUST NOT
+//!   crash. [`BreadClient::connect`] never fails just because breadd is
+//!   down — do not change that.
 //! - [`BreadClient::subscribe`] runs its read loop on a background thread
 //!   that reconnects with exponential backoff on any disconnect. The
 //!   caller's callback simply stops being invoked while disconnected; it
@@ -29,6 +34,15 @@
 //! outside the app's own `bread.<app_id>.*` segment, so a misconfigured
 //! caller fails fast instead of discovering the mistake from the daemon's
 //! rejection. The daemon enforces the same rule server-side regardless.
+//!
+//! `command` is the outbound half of the same story: it publishes
+//! `bread.command.<target_app>.<verb>` as an **unsourced** IPC emit
+//! (`params` is `{ event, data }` only — no `source`/`kind`). The
+//! daemon treats unsourced `bread.command.<known_app>.*` as legal so a
+//! sibling can address another app without impersonating that app's
+//! own namespace. Local refusal (eprint + return, same stance as
+//! `emit`) if `target_app` or `verb` is empty, or if `verb` contains
+//! `.` (a command verb is a single segment).
 
 use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write};
 use std::net::Shutdown;
@@ -94,25 +108,104 @@ impl BreadClient {
             return;
         }
 
-        let request = json!({
-            "id": "0",
-            "method": "emit",
-            "params": {
+        fire_and_forget_emit(json!({
             "event": event,
             "source": self.app_id,
             "kind": event,
             "data": data,
+        }));
     }
-        });
-        let Ok(line) = serde_json::to_string(&request) else {
-            return;
-        };
 
-        let Ok(mut stream) = UnixStream::connect(bread_shared::resolve_socket_path()) else {
+    /// Publish `bread.command.<target_app>.<verb>` as an unsourced IPC
+    /// emit so another bread app (or a Lua workflow) can act on it.
+    ///
+    /// Fire-and-forget: same silent-if-down stance as [`emit`]. Locally
+    /// refuses (eprint + return, no socket) if `target_app` or `verb` is
+    /// empty, or if `verb` contains `.` — a verb is one segment
+    /// (`clear`, not `history.clear`).
+    ///
+    /// The wire payload is `{ method: "emit", params: { event, data } }`
+    /// with **no** `source`/`kind`. Do not add those: a sourced emit
+    /// would have to claim the *target's* namespace (or ours), and the
+    /// daemon half of this integration is specifically making unsourced
+    /// `bread.command.<known_app>.*` legal.
+    pub fn command(&self, target_app: &str, verb: &str, data: Value) {
+        if target_app.is_empty() || verb.is_empty() || verb.contains('.') {
+            eprintln!(
+                "bread-client: refusing to send command to '{target_app}' with verb '{verb}' \
+                 (target and verb must be non-empty; verb must be a single segment)"
+            );
             return;
-        };
-        let _ = stream.set_write_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(200)));
-        let _ = writeln!(stream, "{line}");
+        }
+
+        let event = format!("bread.command.{target_app}.{verb}");
+        fire_and_forget_emit(json!({
+            "event": event,
+            "data": data,
+        }));
+    }
+
+    /// One-shot `health` IPC request. `None` if breadd is unreachable or
+    /// the response is malformed / an error.
+    ///
+    /// Long-running daemons SHOULD log a warning when this returns
+    /// `None` (or when [`api_version`] is missing) and MUST NOT crash.
+    pub fn health(&self) -> Option<Value> {
+        self.request("health", json!({}))
+    }
+
+    /// `api_version` string from [`health`], or `None` if health failed
+    /// or the field is absent. Same SHOULD-warn / MUST-NOT-crash rule
+    /// as [`health`].
+    pub fn api_version(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.health()?
+            .get("api_version")
+            .and_then(Value::as_str)
+            .map(str::to_owned)
+    }
+
+    /// Send a one-shot IPC request and return its `result`, or `None` on any
+    /// failure — breadd unreachable, a malformed response, or an `error`
+    /// field in the response. Mirrors `emit`'s graceful-degradation stance:
+    /// a caller checks for `None` the same way it'd handle "daemon not
+    /// installed," not via a `Result` that forces error-path plumbing for
+    /// what is, for most callers (a refresh-on-connect read), an expected
+    /// possibility rather than an exceptional one.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike `emit`, this is not restricted to the client's own namespace —
+    /// `method`/`params` map directly onto breadd's IPC method table (see
+    /// `Documentation.md`'s "Dictionary: IPC protocol"), most of which
+    /// (`state.get`, `widgets.list`, ...) are cross-namespace reads by
+    /// design. Only first-party compiled code links `bread-utils`, so this
+    /// carries the same trust level as `emit`'s own request construction.
+    pub fn request(&self, method: &str, params: Value) -> Option<Value> {
+        let request = json!({
+            "id": "0",
+            "method": method,
+            "params": params,
+        });
+        let line = serde_json::to_string(&request).ok()?;
+
+        let mut stream = UnixStream::connect(bread_shared::resolve_socket_path()).ok()?;
+        stream
+            .set_write_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(200)))
+            .ok()?;
+        stream
+            .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(500)))
+            .ok()?;
+        writeln!(stream, "{line}").ok()?;
+
+        let mut response_line = String::new();
+        BufReader::new(stream).read_line(&mut response_line).ok()?;
+        if response_line.trim().is_empty() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let value: Value = serde_json::from_str(&response_line).ok()?;
+        if value.get("error").is_some() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        value.get("result").cloned()
     }
 
     /// Subscribe to events matching `pattern` (glob: `*`/`**`/`?`), invoking
@@ -161,6 +254,27 @@ impl BreadClient {
     }
 }
 
+/// Fire-and-forget a single `emit` request. Shared by sourced [`BreadClient::emit`]
+/// and unsourced [`BreadClient::command`] so the write/timeout path cannot
+/// drift. Silent if the socket is missing, the write fails, or the body
+/// cannot be serialized.
+fn fire_and_forget_emit(params: Value) {
+    let request = json!({
+        "id": "0",
+        "method": "emit",
+        "params": params,
+    });
+    let Ok(line) = serde_json::to_string(&request) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let Ok(mut stream) = UnixStream::connect(bread_shared::resolve_socket_path()) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    let _ = stream.set_write_timeout(Some(Duration::from_millis(200)));
+    let _ = writeln!(stream, "{line}");
+}
+
 /// Connects once, sends `events.subscribe`, and invokes `on_event` for every
 /// matching line until the connection ends (cleanly or with an error).
 /// Stores the live stream in `current_stream` so [`Subscription::stop`] can
@@ -290,6 +404,83 @@ mod tests {
         // integration tests for the IPC-side of namespace validation.
     }
 
+    /// Point `HOME` + `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` at an empty temp dir so
+    /// `resolve_socket_path` cannot find a live breadd (either via
+    /// `~/.config/bread/breadd.toml` or `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bread/breadd.sock`).
+    /// Serialized with the other env-mutating tests via `env_test_lock`.
+    fn with_unreachable_daemon<T>(f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> T {
+        let _lock = crate::env_test_lock()
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());
+        let tmp = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+        let old_home = std::env::var("HOME").ok();
+        let old_xdg = std::env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR").ok();
+        unsafe {
+            std::env::set_var("HOME", tmp.path());
+            std::env::set_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", tmp.path());
+        }
+        struct Restore(Option<String>, Option<String>);
+        impl Drop for Restore {
+            fn drop(&mut self) {
+                unsafe {
+                    match &self.0 {
+                        Some(v) => std::env::set_var("HOME", v),
+                        None => std::env::remove_var("HOME"),
+                    }
+                    match &self.1 {
+                        Some(v) => std::env::set_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR", v),
+                        None => std::env::remove_var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR"),
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let _restore = Restore(old_home, old_xdg);
+        f()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn request_returns_none_when_daemon_is_unreachable() {
+        with_unreachable_daemon(|| {
+            let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");
+            assert!(client.request("widgets.list", json!(null)).is_none());
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_refuses_empty_target_without_connecting() {
+        let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");
+        client.command("", "clear", json!({}));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_refuses_empty_verb_without_connecting() {
+        let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");
+        client.command("clip", "", json!({}));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_refuses_dotted_verb_without_connecting() {
+        // A verb is a single segment — `history.clear` would produce
+        // `bread.command.clip.history.clear`, which is two verb segments.
+        let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");
+        client.command("clip", "history.clear", json!({}));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_is_a_silent_no_op_when_daemon_is_unreachable() {
+        let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");
+        client.command("clip", "clear", json!({ "n": 1 }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn health_and_api_version_return_none_when_daemon_is_unreachable() {
+        with_unreachable_daemon(|| {
+            let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");
+            assert!(client.health().is_none());
+            assert!(client.api_version().is_none());
+        });
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn subscription_stop_joins_the_background_thread() {
         let client = BreadClient::connect("clip");

bread-utils/src/hypr.rs

@@ -36,10 +36,17 @@ pub enum Socket {
 /// `HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE` + `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`. Returns `None` if
 /// `HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE` isn't set (Hyprland isn't running, or we're
 /// not inside a Hyprland session) — `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` falls back to
-/// `/run/user/1000` if unset, matching `breadmon`'s existing fallback.
+/// `/run/user/<uid>` (this process's real uid, or the historical
+/// `/run/user/1000` if that can't be read) when unset.
 pub fn socket_path(kind: Socket) -> Option<PathBuf> {
     let sig = env::var("HYPRLAND_INSTANCE_SIGNATURE").ok()?;
-    let rt = env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "/run/user/1000".to_string());
+    // `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` is normally `/run/user/<uid>`; when it's unset,
+    // reconstruct that from the process's real uid instead of assuming uid
+    // 1000, so the socket path is right for any account.
+    let rt = env::var("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR")
+        .ok()
+        .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or_else(fallback_runtime_dir);
     let file = match kind {
         Socket::Request => ".socket.sock",
         Socket::Events => ".socket2.sock",
@@ -47,6 +54,21 @@ pub fn socket_path(kind: Socket) -> Option<PathBuf> {
     Some(PathBuf::from(format!("{rt}/hypr/{sig}/{file}")))
 }
 
+/// `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`'s conventional `/run/user/<uid>` value, derived from
+/// this process's real uid (`Uid:` line in `/proc/self/status`). Falls back
+/// to the historical `/run/user/1000` if that can't be read.
+fn fallback_runtime_dir() -> String {
+    let status = std::fs::read_to_string("/proc/self/status").unwrap_or_default();
+    for line in status.lines() {
+        if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("Uid:") {
+            if let Some(uid) = rest.split_whitespace().next() {
+                return format!("/run/user/{uid}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    "/run/user/1000".to_string()
+}
+
 /// Send `request` (e.g. `"j/activewindow"`, `"j/monitors"`) to the socket1
 /// IPC socket and return the raw response body. Blocking/synchronous — this
 /// matches every current consumer (breadbox, breadclip), which call it from
@@ -222,6 +244,17 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(win.fullscreen.is_fullscreen());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn fallback_runtime_dir_is_user_uid_shaped() {
+        let dir = fallback_runtime_dir();
+        assert!(dir.starts_with("/run/user/"), "got {dir}");
+        let uid = dir.trim_start_matches("/run/user/");
+        assert!(
+            !uid.is_empty() && uid.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()),
+            "fallback uid is not numeric: {uid}"
+        );
+    }
+
     // Both env-var-dependent cases share one test function: `set_var`/
     // `remove_var` are process-global, and cargo runs tests in parallel
     // threads by default, so two separate #[test] fns racing on the same

bread-utils/src/lib.rs

@@ -19,12 +19,18 @@
 //! - [`gtk_popup`] (feature `gtk`) — shared layer-shell popup window setup,
 //!   list navigation, and click-outside-to-close.
 //! - [`bread_client`] (feature `bread-client`) — a persistent-connection
-//!   client for breadd's IPC socket (emit + subscribe), for sibling
-//!   `bread*` app daemons integrating with the bread automation fabric.
+//!   client for breadd's IPC socket (`emit`, unsourced `command`,
+//!   `health`/`api_version`, `subscribe`), for sibling `bread*` app
+//!   daemons integrating with the bread automation fabric.
+//! - [`screenshot_cli`] — shared `--screenshot` / `--output` /
+//!   `--width` / `--height` values, `SETTLE_DELAY` (300ms), and the
+//!   "both flags or neither" validator. Next-pin helper; no clap/GTK
+//!   dependency. Does not replace `bread-screenshots` or `bread-capture`.
 
 pub mod atomic;
 pub mod hypr;
 pub mod proc;
+pub mod screenshot_cli;
 pub mod singleton;
 pub mod xdg;
 

bread-utils/src/screenshot_cli.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+//! Shared `--screenshot` CLI flags and the post-`map` settle delay used by
+//! bread-capture-driven GTK apps.
+//!
+//! The same clap block (`--screenshot`, `--output`, `--width`, `--height`)
+//! plus a 300ms settle after GTK `map` is cloned across breadbar, breadbox,
+//! breadclip, breadpad, breadman, breadsearch, and breadhelp. This module
+//! is the next-pin target for that duplication — consumers this cycle still
+//! pin an older bread-utils tag and will not see it until a future release.
+//!
+//! Zero extra deps: no clap, no GTK. Apps keep (or flatten) the four `#[arg]`
+//! fields themselves and call [`validate_pair`] / [`SETTLE_DELAY`].
+//!
+//! Confirmed present in:
+//! - `breadbar/src/screenshot.rs`
+//! - `breadbox/breadbox/src/screenshot.rs`
+//! - `breadclip/breadclip/src/screenshot.rs`
+//! - `breadsearch/breadsearch/src/screenshot.rs`
+//! - `breadpad/breadpad/src/screenshot.rs`
+//! - `breadpad/breadman/src/screenshot.rs`
+//! - `breadhelp/src/screenshot.rs`
+//!
+//! Do not fold `bread-screenshots` or `bread-capture`'s `TARGETS` table into
+//! this module — those are the capture primitive and the orchestrator, not
+//! the per-app CLI flags.
+
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Extra settle time after GTK `map` for the first frame to actually paint
+/// before grim runs. `map` fires once the surface exists, not once anything
+/// has been drawn into it.
+pub const SETTLE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(300);
+
+/// Default `--width`, matching `bread-capture --isolate-width`.
+pub const DEFAULT_WIDTH: u32 = 1920;
+
+/// Default `--height`, matching `bread-capture --isolate-height`.
+pub const DEFAULT_HEIGHT: u32 = 1080;
+
+/// The four `--screenshot` / `--output` / `--width` / `--height` values
+/// parsed from an app's CLI.
+///
+/// `screenshot` and `output` must both be present (a capture run) or both
+/// absent (a normal run) — see [`ScreenshotCli::validate`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct ScreenshotCli {
+    /// Named view to capture (`--screenshot`). `None` for a normal run.
+    pub screenshot: Option<String>,
+    /// PNG path to write (`--output`). Required together with `screenshot`.
+    pub output: Option<PathBuf>,
+    /// Capture canvas width (`--width`).
+    pub width: u32,
+    /// Capture canvas height (`--height`).
+    pub height: u32,
+}
+
+impl Default for ScreenshotCli {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            screenshot: None,
+            output: None,
+            width: DEFAULT_WIDTH,
+            height: DEFAULT_HEIGHT,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Why a screenshot-flag pair is invalid.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ScreenshotCliError {
+    /// `--screenshot` was given without `--output`.
+    ScreenshotWithoutOutput,
+    /// `--output` was given without `--screenshot`.
+    OutputWithoutScreenshot,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for ScreenshotCliError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::ScreenshotWithoutOutput => write!(f, "--screenshot requires --output"),
+            Self::OutputWithoutScreenshot => write!(f, "--output requires --screenshot"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for ScreenshotCliError {}
+
+/// Both `--screenshot` and `--output` must be present, or neither.
+pub fn validate_pair(
+    screenshot: Option<&str>,
+    output: Option<&Path>,
+) -> Result<(), ScreenshotCliError> {
+    match (screenshot, output) {
+        (Some(_), Some(_)) | (None, None) => Ok(()),
+        (Some(_), None) => Err(ScreenshotCliError::ScreenshotWithoutOutput),
+        (None, Some(_)) => Err(ScreenshotCliError::OutputWithoutScreenshot),
+    }
+}
+
+impl ScreenshotCli {
+    /// Both `screenshot` and `output` present, or neither.
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), ScreenshotCliError> {
+        validate_pair(self.screenshot.as_deref(), self.output.as_deref())
+    }
+
+    /// `true` when this is a capture run (both flags present).
+    pub fn is_screenshot_run(&self) -> bool {
+        self.screenshot.is_some() && self.output.is_some()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn settle_delay_is_300ms() {
+        assert_eq!(SETTLE_DELAY, Duration::from_millis(300));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn neither_flag_is_ok() {
+        assert!(validate_pair(None, None).is_ok());
+        assert!(ScreenshotCli::default().validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(!ScreenshotCli::default().is_screenshot_run());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn both_flags_are_ok() {
+        let cli = ScreenshotCli {
+            screenshot: Some("search".into()),
+            output: Some(PathBuf::from("/tmp/out.png")),
+            width: DEFAULT_WIDTH,
+            height: DEFAULT_HEIGHT,
+        };
+        assert!(cli.validate().is_ok());
+        assert!(cli.is_screenshot_run());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn screenshot_without_output_is_an_error() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            validate_pair(Some("search"), None),
+            Err(ScreenshotCliError::ScreenshotWithoutOutput)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn output_without_screenshot_is_an_error() {
+        let path = PathBuf::from("/tmp/out.png");
+        assert_eq!(
+            validate_pair(None, Some(path.as_path())),
+            Err(ScreenshotCliError::OutputWithoutScreenshot)
+        );
+    }
+}

bread-utils/src/singleton.rs

@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ pub fn try_acquire(app: &str) -> std::io::Result<Acquire> {
         .read(true)
         .write(true)
         .create(true)
+        // Never truncate on open: an existing lock file may be held by a live
+        // instance. We only clear it (`set_len(0)`) *after* winning the lock.
+        .truncate(false)
         .open(&path)?;
 
     match file.try_lock() {

ci/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Shared CI build environment for bread-ecosystem GTK4/libadwaita apps.
+#
+# Arch base: current gtk4/libadwaita/gtk4-layer-shell/graphene are all
+# available as prebuilt pacman packages, so no from-source library builds
+# are needed (unlike Fedora, where breadpad's CI used to rebuild libadwaita
+# from source on every single run and broke repeatedly on version drift).
+#
+# Base image pinned by digest, package set frozen at build time: this image
+# only changes when someone deliberately rebuilds it, not on every push.
+# Product repos that depend on this file should pin it to a commit sha
+# (see each product's ci/bread-ecosystem.rev), not track `main` — otherwise
+# an unrelated change here silently breaks every product's next release.
+#
+# EXTRA_PKGS lets a product layer on extra pacman packages (see that
+# product's ci/deps.txt) without forking this file.
+FROM archlinux@sha256:fae033b815a16f930325c2697e620362be4d2e5d739a301b10ad1fc9c8643a06
+
+ARG EXTRA_PKGS=""
+
+RUN pacman -Syu --noconfirm --needed \
+        base-devel \
+        git \
+        pkgconf \
+        rust \
+        gtk4 \
+        libadwaita \
+        gtk4-layer-shell \
+        graphene \
+        ${EXTRA_PKGS} \
+    && pacman -Scc --noconfirm

ci/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Shared CI build script for bread-ecosystem GTK4/libadwaita apps.
+#
+# Builds (or reuses, via docker's own layer cache) the pinned Arch image
+# from ci/Containerfile, then runs the given cargo command inside it
+# against a product repo checkout.
+#
+# Usage: ci/build.sh <product-name> <product-repo-root> <cargo-command...>
+#   e.g. ci/build.sh breadpad /path/to/breadpad cargo build --release --locked
+#
+# <product-name> is used verbatim as the image tag and cache-volume name —
+# it must be passed explicitly rather than derived from <product-repo-root>'s
+# basename, because every product's CI checks out into a directory literally
+# named `src`, which would otherwise collide across every product sharing
+# this runner (same image tag, same cargo-target cache volume).
+#
+# If <product-repo-root>/ci/deps.txt exists (one pacman package per line,
+# '#' comments and blank lines ignored), those packages are installed on
+# top of the shared base image.
+#
+# Cargo's registry/git caches are shared across all products (same crates
+# regardless of which app is building); CARGO_TARGET_DIR is cached
+# per-product. Both persist in named docker volumes across runs.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [ $# -lt 3 ]; then
+    echo "usage: build.sh <product-name> <product-repo-root> <cargo-command...>" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+PRODUCT="$1"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$2" && pwd)"
+shift 2
+
+CI_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+
+EXTRA_PKGS=""
+if [ -f "${REPO_ROOT}/ci/deps.txt" ]; then
+    EXTRA_PKGS="$(grep -vE '^\s*(#|$)' "${REPO_ROOT}/ci/deps.txt" | tr '\n' ' ')"
+fi
+
+docker build \
+    --build-arg "EXTRA_PKGS=${EXTRA_PKGS}" \
+    -t "bread-ci:${PRODUCT}" \
+    -f "${CI_DIR}/Containerfile" "${CI_DIR}"
+
+docker run --rm \
+    -v "${REPO_ROOT}:/workspace" \
+    -v "bread-ci-cargo-registry:/root/.cargo/registry" \
+    -v "bread-ci-cargo-git:/root/.cargo/git" \
+    -v "bread-ci-${PRODUCT}-target:/cargo-target" \
+    -w /workspace \
+    -e CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/cargo-target \
+    "bread-ci:${PRODUCT}" \
+    bash -c '
+        set -euo pipefail
+        "$@"
+        mkdir -p /workspace/target
+        cp -a /cargo-target/. /workspace/target/
+    ' bash "$@"

docs/release-channels.md

@@ -38,18 +38,107 @@ only if:
    `archlinux:latest` container and `curl -X PUT`s the resulting
    `.pkg.tar.zst` to `https://git.breadway.dev/api/packages/Breadway/arch/os`.
 
-A repo can be on **both** channels (most GUI/daemon apps are — see
-breadbar, breadbox, breadcrumbs, bread, breadpad, breadpaper), **bakery
-only** (breadclip, breadmon, breadsearch, breadshot, bread-theme, bakery
-itself), **pacman only** (breadlock, breadhelp — both are OS-integration
-pieces where package-manager rigor matters more than a curl-script), or
-**neither** (dev-only / not yet released; no bakery.toml, no PKGBUILD, no
-release or package workflow — just the repo itself, e.g. breadarr today).
+A repo can be on **both** channels, **bakery only** (bread, breadbar,
+breadbox, breadcrumbs, breadpad, breadpaper, breadclip, breadmon,
+breadsearch, breadshot, breadhelp, bos-settings, bread-theme, breadcast,
+breadarr, bakery itself), **pacman only** (breadlock — installs a
+root-owned `/etc/pam.d/breadlock` PAM service file with no per-user
+equivalent, so it can never move to bakery), or **neither** (dev-only /
+not yet released). Desktop apps dropped pacman packaging; bakery-channel
+install is the supported path. `bakery` still carries a leftover
+`package.yml` / `packaging/arch/PKGBUILD` from when it was also published
+to the `[breadway]` pacman repo.
 
 `bos` is a fourth, deliberately special case: it ships as an ISO, not a
 binary, via its own `release-iso.yml`. It is never on either channel and
 should never carry a `bakery.toml` or `PKGBUILD`.
 
+## Build tracks (stable/beta/dev) — orthogonal to channels
+
+Within the **bakery channel only**, a repo can additionally publish up to
+three **tracks**: `stable`, `beta`, and `dev`. Don't confuse "track" with
+"channel" above — channel is *how* a binary reaches a user (bakery vs.
+pacman); track is *which build* of a bakery-channel package they get.
+
+There is no per-track branch anymore — every bakery-channel repo has exactly
+one long-lived branch, `main`. Tracks are driven entirely by *what you push*,
+not *which branch you push to*:
+
+| Track  | Index URL | Artifact root | Trigger |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| stable | `dl.breadway.dev/index.json` | `/srv/breadway-dl/<pkg>/<ver>/` | push tag `vX.Y.Z` |
+| beta | `dl.breadway.dev/beta/index.json` | `/srv/breadway-dl/beta/<pkg>/<ver>/` | push tag `vX.Y.Z-rc.N` |
+| dev | `dl.breadway.dev/dev/index.json` | `/srv/breadway-dl/dev/<pkg>/<ver>/` | push to branch `main` |
+
+`scripts/gen-index.sh` takes a `TRACK` env var (default `stable`) to select
+which subtree it reads/writes — this didn't need to change. Dev/beta builds
+skip the GitHub Release upload step entirely (no release-per-commit spam) —
+`dl.breadway.dev` is their only distribution point.
+
+**Why no beta/dev branches**: the old model had `dev`/`beta`/`main` as three
+separate branches, with `beta` cut from `dev` periodically and `main`
+supposed to move forward only via a `beta` merge. In practice `main` rotted
+silently in most repos — the "merge beta into main" step was a manual,
+easy-to-forget action across a dozen-plus repos with no team and no
+calendar enforcement, and it also collided with a real Forgejo Actions
+gotcha: tag-triggered workflows resolve *which version of the workflow
+YAML to run* from the repo's default branch, not the tagged commit's
+branch, so a stale `main` could silently run stale release logic even when
+the tag itself pointed at fresh code. Collapsing everything onto one
+branch removes the class of bug entirely — there's nothing left to fall
+out of sync.
+
+**The full lifecycle** (see also `CONTRIBUTING.md`): day-to-day work lands
+on `feature/<name>` or `fix/<issue>` branches, merged into `main`. `main`
+publishes a fresh dev-track build on every push — this is the "test for a
+while, fix forward with another push" loop. When you want to stabilize
+before a real release, tag a release candidate directly off whatever
+commit on `main` you're happy with: `git tag vX.Y.Z-rc.1 && git push
+origin vX.Y.Z-rc.1` (both remotes). "Freezing" is just pausing pushes to
+`main` while the RC gets tested, not a branch operation — cut `-rc.2`,
+`-rc.3`, etc. for further fixes without needing to touch any branch. Once
+an RC has gone without issues, tag the real release the same way, dropping
+the `-rc.N` suffix (`vX.Y.Z`) — that's what fires `release.yml`.
+
+Auto-versioning: `dev` computes its build version from the latest published
+*stable* `vX.Y.Z` tag (via `git ls-remote --tags`, filtered to exclude any
+tag containing a `-`, not `Cargo.toml` — `Cargo.toml` can drift stale
+relative to the actual last release) plus a `-dev.<timestamp>+<sha>`
+suffix. `beta` needs no computation at all — the RC tag itself
+(`X.Y.Z-rc.N`) is already valid semver and is used as the version verbatim.
+`bakery`'s semver check (`is_newer`), backed by the real `semver` crate,
+already orders these correctly with zero special-casing: a prerelease
+identifier sorts below the same version without one, and `dev` < `rc`
+alphabetically, giving `X.Y.Z-dev... < X.Y.Z-rc.N < X.Y.Z` for the same
+base version.
+
+**Bakery package version honesty**: `bakery --version` is compiled from
+this repo's `[workspace.package] version` (`CARGO_PKG_VERSION`); `bakery
+list` reports the *tagged* package version from the index. Those two must
+match at tag time — set `workspace.package.version` to `X.Y.Z` *before*
+pushing `vX.Y.Z` or `vX.Y.Z-rc.N`, and never jump a git tag without that
+Cargo.toml bump. The `v0.3.1` → `v0.7.1` tag jump that left Cargo.toml at
+`0.3.1` is the bug this rule exists to prevent. Dev-track auto-versioning
+keys off the latest stable tag rather than Cargo.toml so a stale
+workspace version cannot publish a dev build that sorts *older* than
+installed bakery; that fallback is not permission to leave the workspace
+version stale.
+
+Adding dev/beta to a bakery-channel repo: copy `dev-bakery.yml` /
+`rc-bakery.yml` (or `bread`'s `dev-release.yml` / `rc-release.yml` if the
+repo isn't part of this monorepo) from `bread-ecosystem`/`bread`, and swap
+the repo/binary names the same way the checklist below describes for
+`release.yml`. No branch setup needed beyond the repo's single `main`. Not
+every bakery-channel repo needs beta/dev on day one — `gen-index.sh`
+silently skips any product with no release dir under a given track's tree,
+same as it already does for an unreleased product on stable.
+
+Client side: `bakery track show` / `bakery track set <stable|beta|dev>`
+remembers a global track preference (`~/.local/state/bakery/installed.json`)
+and validates the target track's index is reachable and signed before
+switching — it never auto-reinstalls on switch, run `bakery update --all`
+afterwards.
+
 ## mirror.yml is not part of this policy
 
 Every repo previously carried its own `.forgejo/workflows/mirror.yml` doing
@@ -66,10 +155,11 @@ missing it; that gap is intentional and about to be moot everywhere.
 
 - **Bakery**: write `bakery.toml`, add a `[[products]]` entry to
   `bread-ecosystem/registry/bread-ecosystem.toml`, copy a sibling's
-  `release.yml` (prefer one with the same shape: single binary vs. binary +
-  systemd service — compare against `bread/release.yml` if there's a
-  service to install, `breadmon/release.yml` if not) and swap the repo
-  name / binary name / `PKG_DIR`.
+  `dev-release.yml` / `rc-release.yml` / `release.yml` trio (prefer one with
+  the same shape: single binary vs. binary + systemd service — compare
+  against `bread`'s if there's a service to install, `breadmon`'s if not)
+  and swap the repo name / binary name / `PKG_DIR`. No branch setup beyond
+  the repo's single `main`.
 - **Pacman**: write `packaging/PKGBUILD` (or `packaging/arch/PKGBUILD`),
   copy a sibling's `package.yml` and swap the repo/package name and
   `system_deps`→`pacman -Syu` package list.
@@ -82,13 +172,21 @@ missing it; that gap is intentional and about to be moot everywhere.
 
 ## Current state (as of this pass)
 
-| Repo | bakery | pacman | notes |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| bread-ecosystem (bakery product) | yes | yes | `release-bakery.yml` recovered from a dead `.github/workflows/release.yml` that referenced a `hestia` self-hosted runner GitHub never had registered |
-| bread-ecosystem (bread-theme product) | yes | no | |
-| bread, breadbar, breadbox, breadcrumbs, breadpad, breadpaper | yes | yes | complete, used as templates |
-| breadclip, breadmon, breadsearch, breadshot | yes | no | complete |
-| breadlock, breadhelp | no | yes | breadlock's `bakery.toml` was removed as orphaned; its README wrongly claimed it was a registry entry |
-| bos-settings | yes | yes | was missing both the registry entry and `release.yml`; both added |
-| bos | no | no | ISO-only via `release-iso.yml`; had an erroneous `bakery.toml` copy-pasted from bos-settings, removed |
-| breadarr | no | no | had an orphaned `bakery.toml` with no registry entry and zero workflows; removed. Not yet assigned a channel — do that deliberately when it's ready to ship, don't infer it from a stray config file |
+| Repo | bakery | pacman | tracks | notes |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| bread-ecosystem (bakery product) | yes | leftover `package.yml` | stable, beta, dev | bakery-channel (`curl -fsSL https://get.breadway.dev \| sh`) is the supported install; `package.yml` + `packaging/arch/PKGBUILD` remain from when bakery was also published to `[breadway]` |
+| bread-ecosystem (bread-theme product) | yes | no | stable, beta, dev | single-trunk model |
+| bread, breadbar, breadbox, breadcrumbs, breadpad, breadpaper | yes | no | stable, beta, dev | pacman packaging (PKGBUILD + `package.yml`) dropped — bakery-only, single-trunk model |
+| breadclip, breadmon, breadsearch, breadshot | yes | no | stable, beta, dev | single-trunk model |
+| breadhelp, bos-settings | yes | no | stable, beta, dev | bakery-channel desktop/settings apps; not pacman |
+| breadlock | no | yes | n/a | deliberate, permanent exception — installs a root-owned `/etc/pam.d/breadlock` PAM service file with no per-user equivalent, so it can never move to bakery |
+| bos | no | no | n/a | ISO-only via `release-iso.yml`; ships via a manual local build (`build-local.sh`), not a CI track — see its own branch note below |
+| breadcast | yes | no | stable, beta, dev | bakery product; not included in the BOS ISO |
+| breadarr | yes | no | stable, beta, dev | bakery product; homelab, not shipped on BOS |
+
+`bos` doesn't follow the tracks table above (it has no `dev`/`beta`/`stable`
+publish cadence — ISO builds are deliberate and manual) but does share the
+single-`main`-branch model for the same rot-avoidance reason. It additionally
+carries a `stable` branch that CI fast-forwards to whatever commit the latest
+`vX.Y.Z` tag points at — a marker only, never merged into by hand, so it
+can't drift the way a manually-promoted branch did before.

packaging/arch/PKGBUILD

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Maintainer: Breadway <plasticbread849@gmail.com>
 
 pkgname=bakery
+# Template only — package.yml sed-replaces this from the git tag at build
+# time. 0.2.3 is not the current bakery release.
 pkgver=0.2.3
 pkgrel=1
 pkgdesc="Package manager for the bread ecosystem"

registry/bread-ecosystem.toml

@@ -71,3 +71,20 @@ description = "Screenshot utility for the bread ecosystem"
 name = "bos-settings"
 repo = "Breadway/bos-settings"
 description = "System settings app for Bread OS"
+
+[[products]]
+name = "breadhelp"
+repo = "Breadway/breadhelp"
+description = "Onboarding and help center for Bread OS"
+
+[[products]]
+name = "breadcast"
+repo = "Breadway/breadcast"
+description = "Cast your screen to any Chromecast/Google TV or DLNA renderer — daemon + GTK4 popup"
+notes = "Bakery product; not included in the BOS ISO"
+
+[[products]]
+name = "breadarr"
+repo = "Breadway/breadarr"
+description = "Single-daemon Sonarr+Radarr+Prowlarr replacement — release watching, matching, grabbing, importing, and a terminal UI, no web UI"
+notes = "Homelab, not shipped on BOS"

scripts/doctor-channels.sh

@@ -14,9 +14,20 @@
 #
 #   scripts/doctor-channels.sh ~/Projects
 #
+# Also checks every registry product's Forgejo repo for the
+# BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH Actions secret (via the Forgejo API) — a
+# split-out product repo silently missing this secret is exactly the gotcha
+# that bit breadcast's onboarding: its release workflows would either fail
+# the hard-fail guard (dev/rc-style workflows) or, worse, publish unsigned
+# (older release.yml-style workflows without that guard). Skipped with a
+# warning (not a failure) if ~/.config/forgejo/token doesn't exist, so this
+# still runs for anyone without API access — set SKIP_SECRETS_CHECK=1 to
+# skip it deliberately (e.g. offline).
+#
 # Exits 0 if no drift found, 1 if any repo has drift (so it's CI-friendly).
 #
-# Requires: python3 (tomllib, stdlib since 3.11)
+# Requires: python3 (tomllib, stdlib since 3.11); curl + a Forgejo token at
+# ~/.config/forgejo/token for the secrets check (soft-skipped without one).
 
 set -euo pipefail
 
@@ -72,7 +83,10 @@ for dir in "${BASE_DIR}"/*/; do
     # Skip bread-ecosystem itself — it's a multi-product repo the registry
     # membership check above doesn't map 1:1, and it's already reviewed by
     # hand above (bakery + bread-theme products).
-    [[ "${name}" == "bread-ecosystem" ]] && continue
+    # Prefix match, not exact: bread-ecosystem-breadcast, bread-ecosystem-onboard,
+    # etc. are all worktree checkouts of this same multi-product repo, not
+    # separate products the registry-membership check below applies to.
+    [[ "${name}" == bread-ecosystem* ]] && continue
 
     checked=$((checked + 1))
     has_bakery_toml=0
@@ -125,6 +139,55 @@ done
 
 echo
 echo "checked ${checked} repos under ${BASE_DIR}"
+
+# --- Secrets check ---------------------------------------------------------
+TOKEN_FILE="${HOME}/.config/forgejo/token"
+if [[ -n "${SKIP_SECRETS_CHECK:-}" ]]; then
+    echo "skipping secrets check (SKIP_SECRETS_CHECK set)"
+elif [[ ! -f "${TOKEN_FILE}" ]]; then
+    echo "skipping secrets check (no token at ${TOKEN_FILE})"
+else
+    TOKEN="$(cat "${TOKEN_FILE}")"
+    FORGEJO_API="https://git.breadway.dev/api/v1"
+
+    # Full "owner/repo" slugs, deduplicated (bakery + bread-theme both point
+    # at Breadway/bread-ecosystem, checking it twice is wasted API calls).
+    mapfile -t registry_slugs < <(python3 -c "
+import tomllib
+with open('${REGISTRY}', 'rb') as f:
+    d = tomllib.load(f)
+seen = set()
+for p in d['products']:
+    if p['repo'] not in seen:
+        seen.add(p['repo'])
+        print(p['repo'])
+")
+
+    secrets_missing=0
+    for slug in "${registry_slugs[@]}"; do
+        has_key="$(curl -s -H "Authorization: token ${TOKEN}" \
+            "${FORGEJO_API}/repos/${slug}/actions/secrets" \
+            | python3 -c "
+import json, sys
+try:
+    secrets = json.load(sys.stdin)
+except json.JSONDecodeError:
+    secrets = []
+print(1 if any(s.get('name') == 'BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH' for s in secrets) else 0)
+" 2>/dev/null || echo 0)"
+        if [[ "${has_key}" != 1 ]]; then
+            echo "${slug}: missing BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH Actions secret — release CI will fail closed (or worse, publish unsigned on an older workflow shape) until it's set"
+            secrets_missing=1
+        fi
+    done
+
+    if [[ "${secrets_missing}" == 0 ]]; then
+        echo "no missing signing secrets found across ${#registry_slugs[@]} registry repos"
+    else
+        drift=1
+    fi
+fi
+
 if [[ "${drift}" == 0 ]]; then
     echo "no channel drift found"
 else

scripts/gen-index.sh

@@ -1,19 +1,38 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Generate dl.breadway.dev/index.json from:
+# Generate dl.breadway.dev/index.json (or a track-prefixed sibling — see
+# TRACK below) from:
 #   - registry/bread-ecosystem.toml         (product list)
-#   - <DL_DIR>/<name>/bakery.toml     (per-product metadata, uploaded by release.yml)
-#   - <DL_DIR>/                       (built binaries + sha256 files)
+#   - <PKG_ROOT>/<name>/bakery.toml         (per-product metadata, uploaded by release.yml)
+#   - <PKG_ROOT>/                           (built binaries + sha256 files)
 #
 # Fallback for local dev: looks for ../name/bakery.toml (sibling repo checkout).
 # Run on hestia after each product build, before the dl server is refreshed.
+#
+# TRACK selects which build track to generate an index for: "stable"
+# (default — reads/writes DL_DIR directly, byte-for-byte the same behavior
+# as before tracks existed), "beta", or "dev" (both read/write a
+# DL_DIR/<track>/ subtree, so they never collide with stable's paths). A
+# product with no release dir under the selected track's tree is skipped
+# with a warning, same as an unreleased product is today — most products
+# won't have a beta/dev build for a while after this lands.
 # Requires: jq, python3 (tomllib, stdlib since 3.11), sha256sum
 set -euo pipefail
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="${SCRIPT_DIR:-$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)}"
 DL_DIR="${DL_DIR:-/srv/breadway-dl}"
 DL_BASE="${DL_BASE:-https://dl.breadway.dev}"
+TRACK="${TRACK:-stable}"
 GH_BASE="https://github.com"
-OUT="${DL_DIR}/index.json"
+
+if [[ "${TRACK}" == "stable" ]]; then
+    PKG_ROOT="${DL_DIR}"
+    URL_ROOT="${DL_BASE}"
+    OUT="${DL_DIR}/index.json"
+else
+    PKG_ROOT="${DL_DIR}/${TRACK}"
+    URL_ROOT="${DL_BASE}/${TRACK}"
+    OUT="${DL_DIR}/${TRACK}/index.json"
+fi
 
 # Read the product list from the registry TOML instead of a hardcoded array.
 mapfile -t products < <(python3 -c "
@@ -30,8 +49,8 @@ build_package_json() {
     local name="$1"
     local repo="$2"
 
-    # Find the latest version dir under DL_DIR/<name>/
-    local pkg_dir="${DL_DIR}/${name}"
+    # Find the latest version dir under PKG_ROOT/<name>/
+    local pkg_dir="${PKG_ROOT}/${name}"
     if [[ ! -d "${pkg_dir}" ]]; then
         echo "  warning: no release dir for ${name} at ${pkg_dir}" >&2
         return 1
@@ -48,6 +67,41 @@ build_package_json() {
     local version
     version="$(basename "${version_dir}")"
 
+    # Locate bakery.toml. The release workflow copies it into the version dir
+    # alongside the binaries (${version_dir}/bakery.toml). Fall back to a
+    # sibling repo checkout for local dev use. Done before the binaries loop
+    # below so license_file/desktop_file (if declared) can be excluded from
+    # it by name — otherwise they'd get swept up as "binaries" with no
+    # checksum, the same gotcha this loop's other exclusions guard against.
+    local bakery_toml="${version_dir}/bakery.toml"
+    if [[ ! -f "${bakery_toml}" ]]; then
+        bakery_toml="${SCRIPT_DIR}/../${name}/bakery.toml"
+    fi
+    if [[ ! -f "${bakery_toml}" ]]; then
+        echo "ERROR: bakery.toml not found for ${name} — the release workflow must copy it to \${PKG_ROOT}/${name}/\${VERSION}/bakery.toml" >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    local license_file_name desktop_file_name data_archive_name
+    license_file_name="$(python3 -c "
+import tomllib
+with open('${bakery_toml}', 'rb') as f:
+    d = tomllib.load(f)
+print(d.get('license_file', ''))
+" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+    desktop_file_name="$(python3 -c "
+import tomllib
+with open('${bakery_toml}', 'rb') as f:
+    d = tomllib.load(f)
+print(d.get('desktop_file', ''))
+" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+    data_archive_name="$(python3 -c "
+import tomllib
+with open('${bakery_toml}', 'rb') as f:
+    d = tomllib.load(f)
+print(d.get('data_archive', ''))
+" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+
     # Collect all binaries in the version dir (executables only; skip metadata files).
     local binaries_json="[]"
     for bin_path in "${version_dir}"/*; do
@@ -56,6 +110,10 @@ build_package_json() {
         [[ "${bin_path}" == *.service ]] && continue
         [[ "${bin_path}" == *.css ]]     && continue
         [[ "${bin_path}" == *.txt ]]     && continue
+        [[ "${bin_path}" == *.minisig ]] && continue
+        [[ -n "${license_file_name}" && "${bin_path}" == "${version_dir}/${license_file_name}" ]] && continue
+        [[ -n "${desktop_file_name}" && "${bin_path}" == "${version_dir}/${desktop_file_name}" ]] && continue
+        [[ -n "${data_archive_name}" && "${bin_path}" == "${version_dir}/${data_archive_name}" ]] && continue
         [[ -f "${bin_path}" ]] || continue
         local bin_name
         bin_name="$(basename "${bin_path}")"
@@ -64,8 +122,17 @@ build_package_json() {
         if [[ -f "${sha256_path}" ]]; then
             sha256="$(awk '{print $1}' "${sha256_path}")"
         fi
-        local dl_url="${DL_BASE}/${name}/${version}/${bin_name}"
-        local gh_url="${GH_BASE}/${repo}/releases/download/v${version}/${bin_name}"
+        local dl_url="${URL_ROOT}/${name}/${version}/${bin_name}"
+        # dev/beta builds never get a real GitHub Release (see the dev/beta
+        # CI workflows — that step is intentionally skipped for those
+        # tracks), so github_url just mirrors dl_url rather than pointing at
+        # a release asset that doesn't exist.
+        local gh_url
+        if [[ "${TRACK}" == "stable" ]]; then
+            gh_url="${GH_BASE}/${repo}/releases/download/v${version}/${bin_name}"
+        else
+            gh_url="${dl_url}"
+        fi
 
         local entry
         entry="$(jq -n \
@@ -77,18 +144,6 @@ build_package_json() {
         binaries_json="$(jq -n --argjson arr "${binaries_json}" --argjson e "${entry}" '$arr + [$e]')"
     done
 
-    # Locate bakery.toml. The release workflow copies it into the version dir
-    # alongside the binaries (${version_dir}/bakery.toml). Fall back to a
-    # sibling repo checkout for local dev use.
-    local bakery_toml="${version_dir}/bakery.toml"
-    if [[ ! -f "${bakery_toml}" ]]; then
-        bakery_toml="${SCRIPT_DIR}/../${name}/bakery.toml"
-    fi
-    if [[ ! -f "${bakery_toml}" ]]; then
-        echo "ERROR: bakery.toml not found for ${name} — release.yml must copy it to \${DL_DIR}/${name}/\${VERSION}/bakery.toml" >&2
-        return 1
-    fi
-
     local description system_deps optional_system_deps bread_deps services config post_install
 
     description="$(python3 -c "
@@ -184,6 +239,47 @@ with open('${bakery_toml}', 'rb') as f:
 print(json.dumps(d.get('install', {}).get('post_install', [])))
 " 2>/dev/null || echo "[]")"
 
+    # license_file / desktop_file: plain filename fields in bakery.toml
+    # (names already read above, before the binaries loop), same "artifact
+    # in the version dir, sha256 computed here" pattern as config.example.
+    # Empty string (not null) when unset, matching how the rest of this
+    # script signals "field absent" to jq below.
+    license_file="${license_file_name}"
+    license_file_sha256=""
+    if [[ -n "${license_file}" ]]; then
+        license_path="${version_dir}/${license_file}"
+        if [[ -f "${license_path}" ]]; then
+            license_file_sha256="$(sha256sum "${license_path}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+        else
+            echo "  warning: license_file '${license_file}' not found at ${license_path}" >&2
+            license_file=""
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    desktop_file="${desktop_file_name}"
+    desktop_file_sha256=""
+    if [[ -n "${desktop_file}" ]]; then
+        desktop_path="${version_dir}/${desktop_file}"
+        if [[ -f "${desktop_path}" ]]; then
+            desktop_file_sha256="$(sha256sum "${desktop_path}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+        else
+            echo "  warning: desktop_file '${desktop_file}' not found at ${desktop_path}" >&2
+            desktop_file=""
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    data_archive="${data_archive_name}"
+    data_archive_sha256=""
+    if [[ -n "${data_archive}" ]]; then
+        data_archive_path="${version_dir}/${data_archive}"
+        if [[ -f "${data_archive_path}" ]]; then
+            data_archive_sha256="$(sha256sum "${data_archive_path}" | awk '{print $1}')"
+        else
+            echo "  warning: data_archive '${data_archive}' not found at ${data_archive_path}" >&2
+            data_archive=""
+        fi
+    fi
+
     jq -n \
         --arg name "${name}" \
         --arg description "${description}" \
@@ -195,6 +291,12 @@ print(json.dumps(d.get('install', {}).get('post_install', [])))
         --argjson services "${services}" \
         --argjson config "${config}" \
         --argjson post_install "${post_install}" \
+        --arg license_file "${license_file}" \
+        --arg license_file_sha256 "${license_file_sha256}" \
+        --arg desktop_file "${desktop_file}" \
+        --arg desktop_file_sha256 "${desktop_file_sha256}" \
+        --arg data_archive "${data_archive}" \
+        --arg data_archive_sha256 "${data_archive_sha256}" \
         '{
             name: $name,
             description: $description,
@@ -205,7 +307,13 @@ print(json.dumps(d.get('install', {}).get('post_install', [])))
             bread_deps: $bread_deps,
             services: $services,
             config: $config,
-            post_install: $post_install
+            post_install: $post_install,
+            license_file: (if $license_file == "" then null else $license_file end),
+            license_file_sha256: (if $license_file_sha256 == "" then null else $license_file_sha256 end),
+            desktop_file: (if $desktop_file == "" then null else $desktop_file end),
+            desktop_file_sha256: (if $desktop_file_sha256 == "" then null else $desktop_file_sha256 end),
+            data_archive: (if $data_archive == "" then null else $data_archive end),
+            data_archive_sha256: (if $data_archive_sha256 == "" then null else $data_archive_sha256 end)
         }'
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +333,8 @@ jq -n \
     --arg generated_at "$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")" \
     --argjson packages "${packages_json}" \
     '{version: $version, generated_at: $generated_at, packages: $packages}' \
-    > "${OUT}"
+    > "${OUT}.tmp"
+mv -f "${OUT}.tmp" "${OUT}"
 
 echo "wrote ${OUT}"
 
@@ -252,7 +361,7 @@ if [[ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]]; then
         echo "ERROR: MINISIGN_SEC_KEY is set but the 'minisign' binary is not installed" >&2
         exit 1
     fi
-    sign_args=(-S -s "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY}" -m "${OUT}" -x "${OUT}.minisig")
+    sign_args=(-S -s "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY}" -m "${OUT}" -x "${OUT}.minisig.tmp")
     if [[ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PASSWORD:-}" ]]; then
         MINISIGN_PASSWORD="${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PASSWORD}" minisign "${sign_args[@]}" </dev/null
     else
@@ -260,6 +369,7 @@ if [[ -n "${MINISIGN_SEC_KEY:-}" ]]; then
         # normally generated, since there's no human to type a passphrase).
         minisign -W "${sign_args[@]}" </dev/null
     fi
+    mv -f "${OUT}.minisig.tmp" "${OUT}.minisig"
     echo "signed ${OUT} -> ${OUT}.minisig"
 else
     echo "WARNING: MINISIGN_SEC_KEY not set — index.json was NOT signed." >&2

scripts/gen-readme-products.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Rewrite the marked Products table in README.md from
+# registry/bread-ecosystem.toml (the source of truth).
+#
+# Markers (must exist in README.md):
+#   <!-- gen-readme-products:start -->
+#   ...generated markdown...
+#   <!-- gen-readme-products:end -->
+#
+# Optional per-product `notes` in the registry is appended to the
+# description after an em-dash (used for "homelab, not BOS" / "not in ISO").
+#
+# Usage: scripts/gen-readme-products.sh
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+REGISTRY="${SCRIPT_DIR}/registry/bread-ecosystem.toml"
+README="${SCRIPT_DIR}/README.md"
+START="<!-- gen-readme-products:start -->"
+END="<!-- gen-readme-products:end -->"
+
+if [[ ! -f "${REGISTRY}" ]]; then
+    echo "error: registry not found at ${REGISTRY}" >&2
+    exit 2
+fi
+if [[ ! -f "${README}" ]]; then
+    echo "error: README not found at ${README}" >&2
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+python3 - "${REGISTRY}" "${README}" "${START}" "${END}" <<'PY'
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+try:
+    import tomllib
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover — 3.11+ is required
+    import tomli as tomllib  # type: ignore
+
+registry_path, readme_path, start, end = sys.argv[1:]
+
+with open(registry_path, "rb") as f:
+    registry = tomllib.load(f)
+
+products = registry.get("products") or []
+if not products:
+    print("error: registry has no [[products]]", file=sys.stderr)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+lines = ["| Package | Description |", "|---------|-------------|"]
+for product in products:
+    name = product["name"]
+    desc = str(product.get("description") or "").replace("|", "\\|")
+    notes = str(product.get("notes") or "").replace("|", "\\|")
+    if notes:
+        desc = f"{desc} — {notes}"
+    lines.append(f"| `{name}` | {desc} |")
+table = "\n".join(lines)
+
+readme = Path(readme_path)
+text = readme.read_text()
+start_at = text.find(start)
+end_at = text.find(end)
+if start_at < 0 or end_at < 0 or end_at < start_at:
+    print(
+        f"error: README.md is missing markers {start!r} / {end!r}",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+rewritten = text[:start_at] + start + "\n\n" + table + "\n\n" + end + text[end_at + len(end):]
+if rewritten != text:
+    readme.write_text(rewritten)
+    print(f"updated {readme_path} ({len(products)} products)")
+else:
+    print(f"{readme_path} already matches the registry ({len(products)} products)")
+PY

scripts/get.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # Bootstrap script: downloads and installs the `bakery` binary.
-# Usage: curl https://breadway.dev/get | sh
-# Or:    curl -sSfL https://breadway.dev/get | sh
+# Usage: curl -fsSL https://get.breadway.dev | sh
 set -eu
 
 # Pinned minisign public key for the bakery release binary. Matches the
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ set -eu
 # index.json and the bakery binary itself). Do not source this from the
 # network — it must be baked into this script so a compromised dl server
 # can't swap it out along with a malicious binary.
-BAKERY_MINISIGN_PUBKEY="RWRh2Zr5SUinvVFCtD7S7HwGjfrye6j31Xq2mYXRdkGFDWe3yHF7W11K"
+BAKERY_MINISIGN_PUBKEY="RWTBR8w/IJ+jaylOv80b52DzekKbSR2CvOVGvzB0ipGBaMhJPAOiEWq8"
 
 BAKERY_VERSION="${BAKERY_VERSION:-latest}"
 BIN_DIR="${BAKERY_BIN_DIR:-$HOME/.local/bin}"
@@ -20,6 +19,14 @@ die() { echo "error: $*" >&2; exit 1; }
 uname -m | grep -q x86_64 || die "bakery only supports x86_64 (got $(uname -m))"
 uname -s | grep -q Linux  || die "bakery only supports Linux (got $(uname -s))"
 
+# Signature verification is mandatory. Checksum-only is not sufficient —
+# the binary and its .sha256 typically come from the same server, so a
+# compromised host can serve a matching pair. Fail closed if minisign
+# isn't here rather than downloading something we refuse to trust.
+if ! command -v minisign >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    die "minisign is required to verify bakery. Install it: pacman -S minisign / apt install minisign"
+fi
+
 # Build download URLs. GitHub's "latest" redirect lives at a different path from
 # versioned releases, so we handle them separately and always prefix tags with 'v'.
 if [ "${BAKERY_VERSION}" = "latest" ]; then
@@ -55,42 +62,33 @@ echo "downloading bakery…"
 if fetch "${DL_PRIMARY}" "${TMP}" 2>/dev/null; then
     echo "  from dl.breadway.dev"
     sig_url="${SIG_URL}"
-    checksum_only_fallback_note="  warning: could not fetch checksum — skipping verification"
+    sig_url_alt="${SIG_FALLBACK}"
 elif fetch "${DL_FALLBACK}" "${TMP}" 2>/dev/null; then
     echo "  from GitHub (fallback)"
     sig_url="${SIG_FALLBACK}"
-    checksum_only_fallback_note="  warning: no checksum available for GitHub fallback download"
+    sig_url_alt="${SIG_URL}"
 else
     die "failed to download bakery from both primary and fallback URLs"
 fi
 
-# Signature verification is the authoritative check: it proves the binary
-# was produced by whoever holds the bakery signing key, not just that bytes
-# match whatever the same (possibly compromised) server also reports as the
-# checksum. Prefer it whenever both a .minisig is published and a minisign
-# verifier is available on this machine.
-sig_verified=0
+# Signature is required. A missing .minisig is a refuse-to-install, not a
+# warning — checksum-only is not a substitute.
 if fetch "${sig_url}" "${TMP}.minisig" 2>/dev/null; then
-    if command -v minisign >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-        if minisign -V -q -m "${TMP}" -x "${TMP}.minisig" -P "${BAKERY_MINISIGN_PUBKEY}"; then
-            echo "  signature verified (minisign)"
-            sig_verified=1
-        else
-            die "minisign signature verification FAILED — refusing to install a binary that doesn't match the pinned bakery key"
-        fi
-    else
-        echo "  warning: 'minisign' is not installed — cannot verify the binary's" >&2
-        echo "  warning: signature, only its checksum. Install minisign for the" >&2
-        echo "  warning: strongest guarantee: pacman -S minisign / apt install minisign" >&2
-    fi
+    :
+elif [ "${sig_url_alt}" != "${sig_url}" ] && fetch "${sig_url_alt}" "${TMP}.minisig" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "  signature fetched from fallback URL"
 else
-    echo "  warning: no .minisig published for this release yet — signature not verified" >&2
+    die "could not fetch bakery-x86_64.minisig — refusing to install an unsigned binary"
 fi
 
-# Checksum is a secondary, best-effort check (kept for defense in depth and
-# for the case where minisign isn't installed). It is not a substitute for
-# signature verification: both the binary and its checksum typically come
-# from the same server, so a compromised server can serve a matching pair.
+if minisign -V -q -m "${TMP}" -x "${TMP}.minisig" -P "${BAKERY_MINISIGN_PUBKEY}"; then
+    echo "  signature verified (minisign)"
+else
+    die "minisign signature verification FAILED — refusing to install a binary that doesn't match the pinned bakery key"
+fi
+
+# Checksum is defense-in-depth only, and never enough on its own. A
+# mismatch still dies; a missing .sha256 is fine once the signature passed.
 if fetch "${SHA256_URL}" "${TMP}.sha256" 2>/dev/null; then
     expected="$(awk '{print $1}' "${TMP}.sha256")"
     actual="$(sha256sum "${TMP}" | awk '{print $1}')"
@@ -98,12 +96,6 @@ if fetch "${SHA256_URL}" "${TMP}.sha256" 2>/dev/null; then
         die "SHA-256 checksum mismatch (expected ${expected}, got ${actual})"
     fi
     echo "  checksum verified"
-else
-    echo "${checksum_only_fallback_note}"
-fi
-
-if [ "${sig_verified}" -ne 1 ]; then
-    echo "  warning: proceeding WITHOUT a verified signature on the bakery binary" >&2
 fi
 
 chmod +x "${TMP}"

scripts/onboard-product.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# onboard-product.sh — register a new product in registry/bread-ecosystem.toml.
+#
+# This is the one step in bringing a product under bakery that's a genuine
+# write action; everything else (bakery.toml, CI workflows, the
+# BAKERY_MINISIGN_SEC_KEY_PATH Actions secret) is either copied from an
+# existing product repo or diagnosed by scripts/doctor-channels.sh, which
+# this script runs at the end so nothing gets missed the way breadcast's
+# missing secret did.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   scripts/onboard-product.sh <name> <owner/repo> <description>
+#
+# Example:
+#   scripts/onboard-product.sh breadcast Breadway/breadcast \
+#     "Cast your screen to any Chromecast/Google TV or DLNA renderer — daemon + GTK4 popup"
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [[ $# -ne 3 ]]; then
+    echo "usage: $0 <name> <owner/repo> <description>" >&2
+    exit 2
+fi
+
+NAME="$1"
+REPO="$2"
+DESCRIPTION="$3"
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.." && pwd)"
+REGISTRY="${SCRIPT_DIR}/registry/bread-ecosystem.toml"
+
+if python3 -c "
+import tomllib, sys
+with open('${REGISTRY}', 'rb') as f:
+    d = tomllib.load(f)
+sys.exit(0 if any(p['name'] == '${NAME}' for p in d['products']) else 1)
+"; then
+    echo "${NAME} is already registered in ${REGISTRY}, skipping"
+else
+    cat >> "${REGISTRY}" <<EOF
+
+[[products]]
+name = "${NAME}"
+repo = "${REPO}"
+description = "${DESCRIPTION}"
+EOF
+    echo "added ${NAME} (${REPO}) to ${REGISTRY}"
+fi
+
+echo
+echo "running doctor-channels.sh to check bakery.toml / CI workflows / signing secret are all in place for ${NAME}..."
+bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/scripts/doctor-channels.sh" || true

upgrade.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+**Project Overview: Bread Screenshot System**
+
+### Goal
+Add a maintainable, automated system to generate high-quality screenshots/renders of **all major UI views** across the Bread ecosystem. This will dramatically speed up UI development, visual regression testing, documentation, and marketing.
+
+### Scope
+
+**In Scope:**
+- Automated screenshot generation for all major GUI components
+- Support for different themes (pywal accents, light/dark if added later)
+- Consistent naming and output structure
+- Easy-to-run command (`bread capture --all` or similar)
+- Integration with development workflow and CI (optional)
+
+**Out of Scope (Phase 1):**
+- Video/GIF capture
+- Full automated visual diffing (can be Phase 2)
+
+### Target Apps / Views
+
+1. **breadbar**
+   - Main bar (all placements)
+   - Control panel (full + sections)
+   - WiFi popover, media popover, etc.
+   - Notifications
+
+2. **breadman**
+   - All sidebar views (All, Upcoming, Todo, Reminder, etc.)
+   - Note cards in different states
+   - Editor / create flow
+
+3. **breadbox**
+   - Main launcher view
+   - Different contexts
+
+4. **bos-settings**
+   - All major panels
+
+5. **breadpad** (capture popup)
+
+6. **breadlock** (lock screen states)
+
+7. **Widgets** (test module that renders many widget examples)
+
+### Technical Approach (Most Idiomatic)
+
+**Core Components:**
+
+1. **Shared Library** (`bread-screenshots` crate in bread-ecosystem)
+   - Common screenshot utilities
+   - Window finding / targeting logic (using `gtk` or `grim`)
+   - Theme forcing
+
+2. **Per-App Screenshot Mode**
+   - Add `--screenshot <view>` flag to each GTK app
+   - Special runtime mode that opens the desired view and calls capture after render
+
+3. **Orchestrator**
+   - A small Rust binary (`bread-capture`) or bash + Rust hybrid
+   - Launches each app with proper flags, waits, captures, saves
+
+4. **Output Structure**
+   ```
+   screenshots/
+   ├── v0.8.0/
+   │   ├── breadbar-main.png
+   │   ├── breadbar-control.png
+   │   ├── breadman-all.png
+   │   ├── breadman-todo.png
+   │   └── ...
+   └── latest/ (symlinks)
+   ```
+
+### Recommended Implementation Steps
+
+1. Create `bread-screenshots` crate in bread-ecosystem
+2. Add screenshot support to the most important apps first (breadman + breadbar)
+3. Build the orchestrator tool
+4. Add `bread capture` subcommand to the CLI
+5. Document usage + add to CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+### Benefits
+
+- Much faster UI iteration
+- Visual regression testing
+- Always up-to-date marketing/docs screenshots
+- Easier contributor onboarding for UI work
+- Professional polish for the project