breadbar: capture every view, not just bar/control-panel

breadbar is "a bar + the notification daemon + the OSD" — the screenshot
mode only covered the bar and its control-panel popover, missing seven
more distinct surfaces: the WiFi/Bluetooth connectivity popover (both
tabs), the media-controls popover, the standalone notification window
(both normal and critical urgency), the standalone OSD window (volume
and brightness), and the wifi add-network dialog. All ten views are now
--screenshot targets.

Two real refactors needed to make the standalone notification/OSD
windows screenshot-able at all, not just bigger match arms:

- Both windows are built deep inside an async task (`run_osd`/
  `popup::run`), only reachable after the real event loop starts — no
  window handle ever existed for a caller to hook `connect_map` on before
  that. Window construction is now synchronous in `osd::spawn`/
  `notifications::spawn`, handed to the async loop as a parameter instead
  of created inside it.

- Screenshot mode seeds each with one fixed sample event (SampleKind) via
  the same channel the real pactl/backlight/D-Bus sources feed, instead
  of waiting for real hardware/dbus activity. For notifications
  specifically this also means skipping the real
  org.freedesktop.Notifications D-Bus registration entirely in screenshot
  mode — claiming that well-known name would just race the real breadbar
  (if running) for it, for no benefit, since nothing external needs to
  reach a screenshot-only instance.

show_add_network_dialog gained an `on_build` hook (called before
`.present()`, the only point `connect_map` can still catch the map) so
screenshot mode can capture it without changing its one real call site's
behavior — and its `anchor` parameter widened from `&Button` to
`&impl IsA<Widget>` since the screenshot path anchors off a
`ToggleButton`, not a `Button`.

src/main.rs

@@ -645,9 +645,16 @@ impl SimpleComponent for App {
         widgets.center_box.set_center_widget(Some(&center_area));
         widgets.center_box.set_end_widget(Some(&stats_box));
 
-        // Captured before `control_popover` moves into `model` below — needed
-        // by the screenshot dispatch just before this function returns.
+        // Captured before these move into `model` (or are otherwise dropped
+        // as bare locals, never stored on `App` at all) — needed by the
+        // screenshot dispatch just before this function returns.
         let control_popover_for_screenshot = control_popover.clone();
+        let connectivity_popover_for_screenshot = connectivity_popover.clone();
+        let wifi_tab_btn_for_screenshot = wifi_tab_btn.clone();
+        let bt_tab_btn_for_screenshot = bt_tab_btn.clone();
+        let media_popover_for_screenshot = media_popover.clone();
+        let media_widget_for_screenshot = media_widget.clone();
+        let media_track_lbl_for_screenshot = media_track_lbl.clone();
 
         let model = App {
             workspaces: vec![],
@@ -715,11 +722,43 @@ impl SimpleComponent for App {
         bar::wifi::spawn_status_poller(sender.clone());
         bar::media::spawn_poller(sender.clone());
         widgets::client::spawn(sender.clone());
-        notifications::spawn();
-        osd::spawn();
+
+        // Screenshot mode primes these with sample content instead of the
+        // real D-Bus/pactl/backlight sources — see notifications::SampleKind
+        // and osd::SampleKind's doc comments.
+        let notif_sample = screenshot_req.as_ref().and_then(|r| match r.view.as_str() {
+            "notification" => Some(notifications::SampleKind::Normal),
+            "notification-critical" => Some(notifications::SampleKind::Critical),
+            _ => None,
+        });
+        let notification_window = notifications::spawn(notif_sample);
+        let osd_sample = screenshot_req.as_ref().and_then(|r| match r.view.as_str() {
+            "osd-volume" => Some(osd::SampleKind::Volume),
+            "osd-brightness" => Some(osd::SampleKind::Brightness),
+            _ => None,
+        });
+        let osd_window = osd::spawn(osd_sample);
 
         if let Some(req) = screenshot_req {
-            screenshot::dispatch(&root, req, control_popover_for_screenshot);
+            let notification_window = matches!(req.view.as_str(), "notification" | "notification-critical")
+                .then_some(notification_window);
+            let osd_window = matches!(req.view.as_str(), "osd-volume" | "osd-brightness")
+                .then_some(osd_window);
+            screenshot::dispatch(
+                &root,
+                req,
+                screenshot::Handles {
+                    control_popover: control_popover_for_screenshot,
+                    connectivity_popover: connectivity_popover_for_screenshot,
+                    wifi_tab_btn: wifi_tab_btn_for_screenshot,
+                    bt_tab_btn: bt_tab_btn_for_screenshot,
+                    media_popover: media_popover_for_screenshot,
+                    media_widget: media_widget_for_screenshot,
+                    media_track_lbl: media_track_lbl_for_screenshot,
+                    notification_window,
+                    osd_window,
+                },
+            );
         }
 
         ComponentParts { model, widgets }
@@ -1145,7 +1184,7 @@ impl App {
                     if saved {
                         bar::wifi::spawn_join(ssid_clone.clone());
                     } else {
-                        show_add_network_dialog(btn, ssid_clone.clone());
+                        show_add_network_dialog(btn, ssid_clone.clone(), |_| {});
                     }
                     close_parent_popover(btn);
                 });
@@ -1302,8 +1341,11 @@ fn close_parent_popover(widget: &gtk4::Button) {
 }
 
 /// Small modal prompting for a password, then saves + joins the network via
-/// `breadcrumbs add` + `breadcrumbs join`.
-fn show_add_network_dialog(anchor: &gtk4::Button, ssid: String) {
+/// `breadcrumbs add` + `breadcrumbs join`. `on_build` runs on the freshly
+/// built dialog *before* it's presented — screenshot mode's only hook point,
+/// since `connect_map` registered any later would miss a map that already
+/// happened. The real call site passes a no-op.
+fn show_add_network_dialog(anchor: &impl IsA<gtk4::Widget>, ssid: String, on_build: impl FnOnce(&gtk4::Window)) {
     let dialog = gtk4::Window::new();
     dialog.set_title(Some(&format!("Add “{ssid}”")));
     dialog.set_resizable(false);
@@ -1367,6 +1409,7 @@ fn show_add_network_dialog(anchor: &gtk4::Button, ssid: String) {
         dialog_for_activate.close();
     });
 
+    on_build(&dialog);
     dialog.present();
     entry.grab_focus();
 }

src/notifications/mod.rs

@@ -172,8 +172,55 @@ impl NotifServer {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn spawn() {
+/// A fixed sample notification for `--screenshot notification`/
+/// `notification-critical` — substitutes for a real `Notify` D-Bus call so a
+/// capture doesn't depend on some external sender firing one at just the
+/// right moment.
+pub enum SampleKind {
+    Normal,
+    Critical,
+}
+
+impl SampleKind {
+    fn sample_event(&self) -> NotifEvent {
+        let urgency = match self {
+            SampleKind::Normal => Urgency::Normal,
+            SampleKind::Critical => Urgency::Critical,
+        };
+        NotifEvent::Show {
+            id: 1,
+            app_name: "Sample App".into(),
+            summary: "Sample notification".into(),
+            body: "This is what a notification card looks like.".into(),
+            urgency,
+            expire: Expire::Never,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Builds the notification window synchronously (see
+/// `popup::build_window`'s doc comment) and spawns the event loop that
+/// shows/updates/hides it.
+///
+/// `sample`: `Some` skips real D-Bus registration entirely and seeds the
+/// loop with one fixed sample event instead — screenshot mode only. Doing
+/// the real `org.freedesktop.Notifications` registration in every
+/// screenshot run would race the real breadbar (if running) for the same
+/// well-known name for no benefit, since nothing needs to reach this
+/// instance externally.
+pub fn spawn(sample: Option<SampleKind>) -> gtk4::Window {
+    let (window, cards_box) = popup::build_window();
     let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel(32);
+
+    match sample {
+        Some(kind) => {
+            let _ = tx.try_send(kind.sample_event());
+            let window_for_loop = window.clone();
+            relm4::spawn_local(async move {
+                popup::run(window_for_loop, cards_box, rx, None).await;
+            });
+        }
+        None => {
             let (conn_tx, conn_rx) = tokio::sync::oneshot::channel();
 
             relm4::spawn(async move {
@@ -199,12 +246,17 @@ pub fn spawn() {
                 std::future::pending::<()>().await
             });
 
+            let window_for_loop = window.clone();
             relm4::spawn_local(async move {
                 if let Ok(conn) = conn_rx.await {
-            popup::run(rx, conn).await;
+                    popup::run(window_for_loop, cards_box, rx, Some(conn)).await;
                 }
             });
         }
+    }
+
+    window
+}
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {

src/notifications/popup.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ mod close_reason {
     pub const CLOSE_NOTIFICATION_CALL: u32 = 3;
 }
 
-pub async fn run(mut rx: Receiver<NotifEvent>, conn: zbus::Connection) {
+/// Builds the notification window synchronously — so a caller (screenshot
+/// mode in particular) has a real window to hook `connect_map` on before
+/// `run`'s event loop, which needs an async `zbus::Connection` handshake in
+/// the real path, ever starts.
+pub fn build_window() -> (gtk4::Window, gtk4::Box) {
     let window = create_window();
     let cards_box = gtk4::Box::new(gtk4::Orientation::Vertical, 4);
     cards_box.set_margin_top(8);
@@ -31,7 +35,21 @@ pub async fn run(mut rx: Receiver<NotifEvent>, conn: zbus::Connection) {
     cards_box.set_margin_start(8);
     cards_box.set_margin_end(8);
     window.set_child(Some(&cards_box));
+    (window, cards_box)
+}
 
+/// `conn`: `None` in screenshot mode, which skips real D-Bus registration
+/// entirely (see `super::spawn`) — there's no external client that needs to
+/// reach a screenshot-only instance, and registering the well-known name
+/// would just race the real breadbar for it. `NotificationClosed` is a
+/// spec-mandated signal for real clients only, so it's simply not emitted
+/// when there's no real connection to emit it on.
+pub async fn run(
+    window: gtk4::Window,
+    cards_box: gtk4::Box,
+    mut rx: Receiver<NotifEvent>,
+    conn: Option<zbus::Connection>,
+) {
     let cards: Cards = Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashMap::new()));
     let generations: Generations = Rc::new(RefCell::new(HashMap::new()));
 
@@ -109,8 +127,10 @@ fn dismiss(cards_box: &gtk4::Box, window: &gtk4::Window, cards: &Cards, id: u32)
 /// Emits the spec-mandated `NotificationClosed(id, reason)` signal. Sent
 /// directly over the connection rather than through the zbus interface
 /// macro's generated helper, since the dismiss decision happens here in the
-/// popup task, not inside `NotifServer`'s own method bodies.
-async fn emit_closed(conn: &zbus::Connection, id: u32, reason: u32) {
+/// popup task, not inside `NotifServer`'s own method bodies. No-op when
+/// `conn` is `None` (screenshot mode — see `run`'s doc comment).
+async fn emit_closed(conn: &Option<zbus::Connection>, id: u32, reason: u32) {
+    let Some(conn) = conn else { return };
     let result = conn
         .emit_signal(
             None::<&str>,

src/osd.rs

@@ -9,14 +9,50 @@ enum OsdEvent {
     Brightness { pct: u8 },
 }
 
-pub fn spawn() {
+/// A fixed sample event for `--screenshot osd-volume`/`osd-brightness` —
+/// substitutes for the real `pactl subscribe`/backlight-sysfs watchers so a
+/// capture doesn't depend on this machine's actual volume/brightness at
+/// capture time.
+pub enum SampleKind {
+    Volume,
+    Brightness,
+}
+
+impl SampleKind {
+    fn sample_event(&self) -> OsdEvent {
+        match self {
+            SampleKind::Volume => OsdEvent::Volume { pct: 65, muted: false },
+            SampleKind::Brightness => OsdEvent::Brightness { pct: 80 },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Builds the OSD window synchronously (so a caller — screenshot mode, via
+/// `sample`, in particular — has a real window to hook `connect_map` on
+/// before the async event loop below ever runs) and spawns the event loop
+/// that shows/updates/hides it.
+///
+/// `sample`: `Some` skips the real volume/brightness watchers entirely and
+/// seeds the loop with one fixed sample event instead — screenshot mode
+/// only, so a capture never depends on (or is disrupted by) this machine's
+/// actual audio/backlight state.
+pub fn spawn(sample: Option<SampleKind>) -> gtk4::Window {
     let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<OsdEvent>(8);
 
+    match sample {
+        Some(kind) => {
+            let _ = tx.try_send(kind.sample_event());
+        }
+        None => {
             let tx1 = tx.clone();
             std::thread::spawn(move || volume_watcher(tx1));
             std::thread::spawn(move || brightness_watcher(tx));
+        }
+    }
 
-    relm4::spawn_local(run_osd(rx));
+    let window = create_window();
+    relm4::spawn_local(run_osd(window.clone(), rx));
+    window
 }
 
 fn volume_watcher(tx: mpsc::Sender<OsdEvent>) {
@@ -119,9 +155,7 @@ fn brightness_watcher(tx: mpsc::Sender<OsdEvent>) {
     }
 }
 
-async fn run_osd(mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<OsdEvent>) {
-    let window = create_window();
-
+async fn run_osd(window: gtk4::Window, mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<OsdEvent>) {
     let container = gtk4::Box::new(gtk4::Orientation::Horizontal, 0);
     container.set_margin_top(10);
     container.set_margin_bottom(10);

src/screenshot.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@
 //! grabbing pixels — the surface (or, for popover views, the popover itself)
 //! genuinely isn't on screen yet before that fires, so a fixed delay would
 //! either race a slow first paint or pad every fast one for nothing.
+//!
+//! breadbar is "a bar + the notification daemon + the OSD" (see its own
+//! module docs), so its screenshot views span three separate top-level
+//! surfaces, not just the bar: the bar itself and its popovers (this
+//! module, anchored off `root`), plus the standalone notification and OSD
+//! windows (`notifications::spawn`/`osd::spawn`, built and primed with
+//! sample data by `main.rs` before `dispatch` runs — see [`Handles`]).
 
 use clap::Parser;
 use gtk4::prelude::*;
@@ -17,15 +24,12 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 /// anything has been drawn into it.
 const SETTLE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(300);
 
-/// Settle time for the control-panel view specifically: longer than
-/// [`SETTLE_DELAY`] because the CPU/RAM/PWR/GPU/network labels there aren't
-/// populated by the popover's own load (that only covers volume/brightness/
-/// sinks, see `bar::control::spawn_load`) — they're refreshed by
-/// `bar::stats::spawn_poller`'s 2-second background loop, gated on
-/// `control_popover.is_visible()` at each tick. Capturing any sooner than one
-/// full poll interval after the popover opens leaves them at their initial
-/// placeholder dashes.
-const CONTROL_PANEL_SETTLE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2_200);
+/// Settle time for views whose content depends on `bar::stats::spawn_poller`'s
+/// 2-second background loop (control-panel's CPU/RAM/PWR/GPU/network labels,
+/// gated on popover visibility) or a similar live-data popover load
+/// (connectivity's wifi/bluetooth scan) — capturing any sooner leaves
+/// placeholder dashes/"Scanning…" instead of real content.
+const LIVE_DATA_SETTLE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2_200);
 
 /// Delay between the bar's own `map` and calling `popover.popup()`. Calling
 /// `popup()` synchronously from inside the root window's `map` handler
@@ -36,11 +40,24 @@ const CONTROL_PANEL_SETTLE_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2_200);
 /// finish first is what makes it actually render.
 const PRE_POPUP_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(300);
 
+const KNOWN_VIEWS: &[&str] = &[
+    "bar",
+    "control-panel",
+    "connectivity-wifi",
+    "connectivity-bluetooth",
+    "media-popover",
+    "notification",
+    "notification-critical",
+    "osd-volume",
+    "osd-brightness",
+    "wifi-add-dialog",
+];
+
 #[derive(Parser)]
 #[command(name = "breadbar")]
 pub struct Cli {
     /// Render the named view, capture it, then exit instead of running
-    /// normally. Known views: "bar", "control-panel".
+    /// normally. See `screenshot::KNOWN_VIEWS` for the full list.
     #[arg(long)]
     pub screenshot: Option<String>,
 
@@ -80,20 +97,37 @@ impl Cli {
     }
 }
 
-/// Wire up the given view's screenshot sequence. Called once from `init()`,
-/// after the window and its popovers exist but before the component finishes
-/// initializing — every path here ends by exiting the process, it never
-/// returns control to the normal bar UI.
+/// Every widget/window `dispatch` might need, gathered by `main.rs`'s
+/// `init()` — most of these are plain locals there that never otherwise
+/// outlive `init()` (never stored on `App`), so they have to be cloned out
+/// before dispatch time same as `control_popover` always was.
+pub struct Handles {
+    pub control_popover: gtk4::Popover,
+    pub connectivity_popover: gtk4::Popover,
+    pub wifi_tab_btn: gtk4::ToggleButton,
+    pub bt_tab_btn: gtk4::ToggleButton,
+    pub media_popover: gtk4::Popover,
+    pub media_widget: gtk4::Box,
+    pub media_track_lbl: gtk4::Label,
+    /// Already built and primed with sample content by `main.rs` (via
+    /// `notifications::spawn(Some(kind))`) when `req.view` calls for it —
+    /// `None` otherwise.
+    pub notification_window: Option<gtk4::Window>,
+    /// Same deal as `notification_window`, via `osd::spawn(Some(kind))`.
+    pub osd_window: Option<gtk4::Window>,
+}
+
 /// The bar's fixed height — matches `root.set_exclusive_zone(32)` /
-/// `set_default_height: 32` in `main.rs`. Unlike the control-panel's full
+/// `set_default_height: 32` in `main.rs`. Unlike the other views' full
 /// canvas, this never varies with `--width`/`--height`.
 const BAR_HEIGHT: i32 = 32;
 
-pub fn dispatch(root: &gtk4::ApplicationWindow, req: ScreenshotRequest, control_popover: gtk4::Popover) {
+pub fn dispatch(root: &gtk4::ApplicationWindow, req: ScreenshotRequest, handles: Handles) {
+    let output = req.output;
+    let (width, height) = (req.width as i32, req.height as i32);
+
     match req.view.as_str() {
         "bar" => {
-            let output = req.output;
-            let width = req.width as i32;
             root.connect_map(move |_| {
                 let output = output.clone();
                 gtk4::glib::timeout_add_local_once(SETTLE_DELAY, move || {
@@ -102,33 +136,101 @@ pub fn dispatch(root: &gtk4::ApplicationWindow, req: ScreenshotRequest, control_
             });
         }
         "control-panel" => {
-            let output = req.output;
-            let (width, height) = (req.width as i32, req.height as i32);
-            let popover_to_open = control_popover.clone();
+            open_popover_on_root_map(root, handles.control_popover, LIVE_DATA_SETTLE_DELAY, output, width, height);
+        }
+        "connectivity-wifi" => {
+            handles.wifi_tab_btn.set_active(true);
+            open_popover_on_root_map(root, handles.connectivity_popover, LIVE_DATA_SETTLE_DELAY, output, width, height);
+        }
+        "connectivity-bluetooth" => {
+            handles.bt_tab_btn.set_active(true);
+            open_popover_on_root_map(root, handles.connectivity_popover, LIVE_DATA_SETTLE_DELAY, output, width, height);
+        }
+        "media-popover" => {
+            // Real media state only shows the widget/text when something's
+            // actually playing (see AppInput::MediaUpdate) — an automated
+            // run has nothing playing, so fake enough of it directly on the
+            // widgets to get a representative capture.
+            handles.media_widget.set_visible(true);
+            handles.media_track_lbl.set_text("Sample Track — Sample Artist");
+            open_popover_on_root_map(root, handles.media_popover, SETTLE_DELAY, output, width, height);
+        }
+        "notification" | "notification-critical" => {
+            let Some(window) = handles.notification_window else {
+                eprintln!("breadbar: internal error — no notification window built for '{}'", req.view);
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            };
+            capture_standalone_window(window, output, width, height);
+        }
+        "osd-volume" | "osd-brightness" => {
+            let Some(window) = handles.osd_window else {
+                eprintln!("breadbar: internal error — no OSD window built for '{}'", req.view);
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            };
+            capture_standalone_window(window, output, width, height);
+        }
+        "wifi-add-dialog" => {
+            let anchor = handles.wifi_tab_btn;
+            root.connect_map(move |_| {
+                let output = output.clone();
+                let anchor = anchor.clone();
+                gtk4::glib::timeout_add_local_once(PRE_POPUP_DELAY, move || {
+                    crate::show_add_network_dialog(&anchor, "Sample Network".to_string(), move |dialog| {
+                        capture_standalone_window(dialog.clone(), output.clone(), width, height);
+                    });
+                });
+            });
+        }
+        other => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "breadbar: unknown screenshot view '{other}' (known: {})",
+                KNOWN_VIEWS.join(", ")
+            );
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Shared shape for every popover view: force it open shortly after the bar
+/// maps (autohide disabled — a programmatic `popup()` has no real input
+/// event serial to grab the Wayland seat with), then capture the whole
+/// canvas after `settle` once the popover itself maps.
+fn open_popover_on_root_map(
+    root: &gtk4::ApplicationWindow,
+    popover: gtk4::Popover,
+    settle: Duration,
+    output: PathBuf,
+    width: i32,
+    height: i32,
+) {
+    let popover_to_open = popover.clone();
     root.connect_map(move |_| {
-                // Autohide (the default) tries to grab the Wayland seat on
-                // popup, keyed to a real input event's serial — a
-                // programmatic popup() has no such event to grab with.
-                // Screenshot mode never needs the popover to dismiss itself
-                // anyway.
         popover_to_open.set_autohide(false);
         let popover_to_open = popover_to_open.clone();
         gtk4::glib::timeout_add_local_once(PRE_POPUP_DELAY, move || {
             popover_to_open.popup();
         });
     });
-            control_popover.connect_map(move |_| {
+    popover.connect_map(move |_| {
         let output = output.clone();
-                gtk4::glib::timeout_add_local_once(CONTROL_PANEL_SETTLE_DELAY, move || {
+        gtk4::glib::timeout_add_local_once(settle, move || {
             finish(bread_screenshots::capture_region(0, 0, width, height, &output));
         });
     });
 }
-        other => {
-            eprintln!("breadbar: unknown screenshot view '{other}' (known: bar, control-panel)");
-            std::process::exit(1);
-        }
-    }
+
+/// Shared shape for the standalone notification/OSD windows and the wifi
+/// add-network dialog: wait for `map`, settle, capture, exit. These are
+/// already-visible-or-about-to-be windows by the time this is called (their
+/// sample event is queued before `dispatch` even runs), so this is just the
+/// capture half.
+fn capture_standalone_window(window: gtk4::Window, output: PathBuf, width: i32, height: i32) {
+    window.connect_map(move |_| {
+        let output = output.clone();
+        gtk4::glib::timeout_add_local_once(SETTLE_DELAY, move || {
+            finish(bread_screenshots::capture_region(0, 0, width, height, &output));
+        });
+    });
 }
 
 fn finish(result: anyhow::Result<()>) {