Route vX.Y.Z-rc.N tags to the beta track, not stable

release.yml matches v*, which would have published an RC into the
stable bakery index and pointed latest at it. Skip any tag whose name
contains -rc there, and fire beta-release.yml on v*-rc.* instead.

.forgejo/workflows/beta-release.yml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 name: beta release
 
-# Publishes a beta-track build on every push to `beta` — a frozen
+# Publishes a beta-track build from a `vX.Y.Z-rc.N` tag. The leftover
-# stabilization branch cut from `dev` when ready to stabilize; only
+# `beta` branch trigger is kept so an old branch push does not go silent;
-# fix/<issue> branches merged into `beta` should land here afterward.
+# do not use that branch — cut beta from an RC tag. See CONTRIBUTING.md.
-# See bread-ecosystem's docs/release-channels.md for the three-track policy.
 on:
   push:
+    tags: ['v*-rc.*']
     branches: ['beta']
 
 jobs:
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           rm -rf src && mkdir src
-          git clone --branch beta --depth 1 \
+          git clone --branch "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" --depth 1 \
             "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" src
 
       - name: build
@@ -25,19 +25,21 @@ jobs:
       - name: compute beta version
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
+          # An RC tag is already valid semver and is the beta version.
+          # The leftover `beta` branch path still synthesizes one from the
+          # latest stable tag so an old push does not publish as 0.0.0.
+          if [[ "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" == v*-rc.* ]]; then
+            echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+            exit 0
+          fi
           cd src
-          # Base the beta version off the latest published stable tag,
-          # not Cargo.toml — Cargo.toml can go stale relative to the last
-          # real release (seen in practice: breadbox/breadpad/breadcrumbs/
-          # breadpaper), which would make a beta build sort as OLDER than
-          # what's already installed and bakery would correctly refuse it.
           LATEST_TAG="$(git ls-remote --tags --refs \
             "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" 'v*' \
-            | awk -F/ '{print $NF}' | sed 's/^v//' | sort -V | tail -1)"
+            | awk -F/ '{print $NF}' | sed 's/^v//' | grep -v -- '-rc' | sort -V | tail -1)"
           if [ -n "${LATEST_TAG}" ]; then
             CUR="${LATEST_TAG}"
           else
-            CUR="$(grep -m1 '^version' breadcast/Cargo.toml | sed -E 's/.*"(.*)".*/\1/')"
+            CUR="$(grep -m1 '^version' Cargo.toml | sed -E 's/.*"(.*)".*/\1/')"
           fi
           IFS='.' read -r MA MI PA <<< "${CUR}"
           SHA="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"

.forgejo/workflows/check.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ name: check
 # main and triggers a dev-track release build.
 on:
   push:
-    branches: ['feature/**', 'fix/**']
+    branches: ['main', 'feature/**', 'fix/**']
 
 jobs:
   check:

.forgejo/workflows/dev-release.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 name: dev release
 
-# Publishes a dev-track build on every push to `dev` —
+# Publishes a dev-track build on every push to `main` (single-trunk).
-# separate from release.yml's tag-triggered stable releases. See
+# The leftover `dev` trigger is kept so an old branch push still works
-# bread-ecosystem's docs/release-channels.md for the three-track policy
+# until that branch is deleted. See CONTRIBUTING.md.
-# this is part of.
 on:
   push:
     branches: ['main', 'dev']
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           rm -rf src && mkdir src
-          git clone --branch main --depth 1 \
+          git clone --branch "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}" --depth 1 \
             "https://git.breadway.dev/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}.git" src
 
       - name: build
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
           if [ -n "${LATEST_TAG}" ]; then
             CUR="${LATEST_TAG}"
           else
-            CUR="$(grep -m1 '^version' breadcast/Cargo.toml | sed -E 's/.*"(.*)".*/\1/')"
+            CUR="$(grep -m1 '^version' Cargo.toml | sed -E 's/.*"(.*)".*/\1/')"
           fi
           IFS='.' read -r MA MI PA <<< "${CUR}"
           SHA="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"

.forgejo/workflows/release.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   build:
+    # RC tags are `v*` too (`v0.1.1-rc.1`) — those belong on the beta
+    # track, see beta-release.yml. A stable cut is a plain `vX.Y.Z`.
+    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, '-rc') }}
     runs-on: [self-hosted, hestia]
     steps:
       - name: checkout

AGENTS.md

@@ -20,15 +20,13 @@ out of sync with `dev`/`beta` across most repos in this ecosystem.
 - `github` — GitHub mirror. Push both when publishing.
 
 ## CI
-- `release.yml` triggers on `push: tags: ['v*']` — tag a release to cut
+- `release.yml` triggers on `push: tags: ['v*']` but skips any tag whose
-  the signed stable build.
+  name contains `-rc` — a plain `vX.Y.Z` cuts the signed stable build.
-- Leftover: `dev-release.yml` still triggers on `push: branches: ['dev']`
+- `beta-release.yml` publishes a beta-track build from a `vX.Y.Z-rc.N`
-  and `beta-release.yml` still triggers on `push: branches: ['beta']`.
+  tag (and still on leftover `beta` so an old branch push does not go silent).
-  Those files are leftover from the three-branch model. Do **not** rewrite
+- `dev-release.yml` publishes a dev-track build on push to `main` (and
-  them unless you are deliberately migrating CI; document and follow
+  still on leftover `dev` so an old branch push does not go silent).
-  single-trunk `main` + RC tags instead.
+- `check.yml` runs clippy + test on `main`, `feature/**`, and `fix/**`.
-- `check.yml` runs clippy + test on `feature/**` and `fix/**`.
-- No separate lint/PR-check pipeline on ordinary commits to `main`.
 
 ## Product cut
 breadcast is a **bakery product**, not shipped on the BOS ISO, and not part
@@ -41,9 +39,9 @@ The daemon + GTK picker + Cast Streaming / DLNA pipelines are built and
 validated against real hardware. `EVENTS.md` is the bus contract.
 
 ## Pins
-`bread-theme` and `bread-utils` pin
+`bread-theme` pins `git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem` tag
-`git.breadway.dev/Breadway/bread-ecosystem` tag `v0.7.1`. Do not switch
+`v0.7.4` (per-monitor palette). `bread-utils` pins the same repo at
-those to github.com or `branch = "main"`.
+`v0.7.2`. Do not switch those to github.com or `branch = "main"`.
 
 ## Don't
 - Don't embed credentials in remote URLs — SSH or a credential helper only.

EVENTS.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ discovery-driven emit half.
 
 | Event | Data | When |
 |-------|------|------|
-| `bread.cast.device_found` | `{ "id": "<mdns id or DLNA description URL>", "name": "<friendly name>", "model": "<model>", "protocol": "cast" \| "dlna" }` | A Chromecast/Google TV (mDNS) or DLNA/UPnP media renderer (SSDP) is discovered (or re-resolved) on the LAN. Fires on every re-resolution, not just the first sighting — treat it as an upsert keyed by `id`, not an append-only log. `id` is protocol-specific and only unique *within* a protocol — a Cast device's mDNS id and a DLNA device's description URL share no namespace. |
+| `bread.cast.device_found` | `{ "id": "<mdns id or DLNA description URL>", "name": "<friendly name>", "model": "<model>", "protocol": "cast" \| "dlna" }` | A Chromecast/Google TV (mDNS) or DLNA/UPnP media renderer (SSDP) is discovered, or an already-known device changes (new host, new name). Re-resolutions that carry the same payload are **not** re-emitted — treat it as an upsert keyed by `id`, not an append-only log. `id` is protocol-specific and only unique *within* a protocol — a Cast device's mDNS id and a DLNA device's description URL share no namespace. |
 | `bread.cast.mirroring_started` | `{ "device_id": "<id>", "device_name": "<name>", "protocol": "cast" \| "dlna" }` | A mirroring session successfully started, whether triggered by `bread.command.cast.start`, the `breadcast` GTK popup, or (once wired) any other IPC client. |
 | `bread.cast.mirroring_stopped` | `{}` | A mirroring session ended, whether via an explicit stop (command, IPC, or GTK popup) or unprompted (the portal picker's "stop sharing", the receiver dropping the connection, a DLNA renderer stopping playback from its own remote). There is no separate "stopped by whom" distinction in this event — `breadcastd`'s own logs have that detail if needed. |
 | `bread.cast.mirroring_failed` | `{ "device_id": "<id>", "error": "<message>" }` | A `start_cast`/`bread.command.cast.start` attempt failed before a session was established (device unreachable, portal capture denied, negotiation timeout, renderer rejected the stream, etc). |

bakery.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 name = "breadcast"
 description = "Cast your screen to any Chromecast/Google TV or DLNA renderer — daemon + GTK4 popup"
 binaries = ["breadcast", "breadcastd"]
-# gst-plugin-va: the `vah264enc` element both encode pipelines use (see
+# gst-plugins-base: videoconvert/videoscale/videorate/appsink -- the
+# `gstreamer` package is only the core library. gst-plugin-va: the
+# `vah264enc` element both encode pipelines use (see
 # breadcast-core/src/pipeline/mod.rs) -- a separate Arch package from
 # gst-plugins-bad itself, not bundled into it. jsoncpp/openssl: runtime
 # shared-library deps of breadcastd itself (not just a build dep of
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ system_deps = [
     "gtk4",
     "gtk4-layer-shell",
     "gstreamer",
+    "gst-plugins-base",
     "gst-plugin-pipewire",
     "gst-plugins-bad",
     "gst-plugin-hlssink3",

breadcast-caststream-sys/src/facade.cc

@@ -209,9 +209,20 @@ CastStreamSender* breadcast_caststream_sender_create(
   // than once process-wide only if ShutDown() was called first -- breadcast
   // only ever has one active cast-streaming session at a time, so this
   // assumption (baked into PlatformClientPosix's own singleton design) holds.
+  //
+  // Create() itself OSP_CHECKs that no instance exists and aborts the
+  // process if a previous sender leaked (a failed start that never reached
+  // destroy()). Fail the new create instead of taking the daemon down.
+  if (openscreen::PlatformClientPosix::GetInstance() != nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
   openscreen::PlatformClientPosix::Create(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
-  openscreen::TaskRunner& task_runner =
+  openscreen::PlatformClientPosix* instance =
-      openscreen::PlatformClientPosix::GetInstance()->GetTaskRunner();
+      openscreen::PlatformClientPosix::GetInstance();
+  if (instance == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  openscreen::TaskRunner& task_runner = instance->GetTaskRunner();
 
   breadcast_caststream::VideoParams params;
   params.width = width;
@@ -255,6 +266,13 @@ CastStreamSender* breadcast_caststream_sender_create(
 }
 
 void breadcast_caststream_sender_negotiate(CastStreamSender* sender) {
+  // environment is reset during destroy() on the TaskRunner thread; a call
+  // that races teardown (or arrives after a failed start) must not
+  // dereference the unique_ptr.
+  if (!sender || sender->shutting_down.load(std::memory_order_acquire) ||
+      !sender->environment) {
+    return;
+  }
   sender->environment->task_runner().PostTask([sender] {
     if (sender->shutting_down.load(std::memory_order_acquire) ||
         !sender->session) {
@@ -272,6 +290,10 @@ void breadcast_caststream_sender_on_message(CastStreamSender* sender,
                                             size_t message_namespace_len,
                                             const char* message,
                                             size_t message_len) {
+  if (!sender || sender->shutting_down.load(std::memory_order_acquire) ||
+      !sender->environment) {
+    return;
+  }
   auto source = std::make_shared<std::string>(source_id, source_id_len);
   auto ns = std::make_shared<std::string>(message_namespace, message_namespace_len);
   auto body = std::make_shared<std::string>(message, message_len);
@@ -289,6 +311,10 @@ int32_t breadcast_caststream_sender_enqueue_frame(CastStreamSender* sender,
                                                   size_t data_len,
                                                   int32_t is_key_frame,
                                                   int64_t capture_time_us) {
+  if (!sender || sender->shutting_down.load(std::memory_order_acquire) ||
+      !sender->environment) {
+    return -1;
+  }
   if (!sender->negotiated.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
     return -1;
   }
@@ -378,6 +404,12 @@ int32_t breadcast_caststream_sender_enqueue_frame(CastStreamSender* sender,
     switch (video_sender->EnqueueFrame(frame)) {
       case Sender::OK:
         sender->enqueue_ok.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        // A key frame that actually landed resyncs the decoder, so the
+        // "next frame must be an IDR" latch can clear. A rejected key
+        // frame leaves the flag set (the reject branches below).
+        if (is_key) {
+          sender->frame_chain_broken.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        }
         break;
       case Sender::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE:
         sender->enqueue_payload_too_large.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
@@ -418,7 +450,18 @@ void breadcast_caststream_sender_take_stats(CastStreamSender* sender,
 }
 
 int32_t breadcast_caststream_sender_needs_key_frame(CastStreamSender* sender) {
-  return sender->needs_key_frame.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) ? 1 : 0;
+  if (!sender) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // `frame_chain_broken` is the drop-side latch SchedulePoll must not
+  // clobber (see the field comment). Load, don't exchange: the encoder
+  // may take several frames to honour a force-key-unit, and a consuming
+  // read here would forget the drop if the next poll happened before
+  // that IDR was actually EnqueueFrame'd (cleared on OK + is_key above).
+  return (sender->frame_chain_broken.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) ||
+          sender->needs_key_frame.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+             ? 1
+             : 0;
 }
 
 int32_t breadcast_caststream_sender_estimated_bandwidth_bps(CastStreamSender* sender) {
@@ -437,7 +480,10 @@ void breadcast_caststream_sender_destroy(CastStreamSender* sender) {
 
   // These must be torn down on the TaskRunner thread (they hold raw
   // references into it and into `environment`), so hop over there and block
-  // until it's done before shutting the TaskRunner itself down.
+  // until it's done before shutting the TaskRunner itself down. A sender
+  // whose Environment never got built (create failed mid-flight) has no
+  // task runner to hop to.
+  if (sender->environment) {
     std::promise<void> done;
     std::future<void> done_future = done.get_future();
     sender->environment->task_runner().PostTask([sender, &done] {
@@ -447,8 +493,11 @@ void breadcast_caststream_sender_destroy(CastStreamSender* sender) {
       done.set_value();
     });
     done_future.wait();
+  }
 
+  if (openscreen::PlatformClientPosix::GetInstance() != nullptr) {
     openscreen::PlatformClientPosix::ShutDown();
+  }
   delete sender;
 }
 

breadcast-caststream-sys/src/facade.h

@@ -88,15 +88,18 @@ void breadcast_caststream_sender_on_message(CastStreamSender* sender,
                                             const char* message,
                                             size_t message_len);
 
-// Enqueues one encoded video access unit (Annex-B H.264) for sending.
+// Posts one encoded video access unit (Annex-B H.264) onto openscreen's
-// `data` is copied before this returns, so the caller may reuse/free its
+// TaskRunner for sending. `data` is copied before this returns, so the
-// buffer immediately after. `capture_time_us` is only used to derive the
+// caller may reuse/free its buffer immediately after. `capture_time_us` is
-// RTP timestamp's relative spacing between frames (it does not need to be
+// only used to derive the RTP timestamp's relative spacing between frames
-// wall-clock-accurate, just monotonically increasing and proportional to
+// (it does not need to be wall-clock-accurate, just monotonically
-// real elapsed time between frames). Returns 0 if queued, nonzero if the
+// increasing and proportional to real elapsed time between frames).
-// session isn't negotiated yet or the frame was rejected (e.g. too large,
+//
-// or the in-flight queue is full -- the caller should back off encoding
+// Returns 0 if the frame was *posted* (not necessarily accepted --
-// when this happens rather than treating it as fatal).
+// Sender::EnqueueFrame runs later on the TaskRunner and may still reject
+// it), or nonzero if the session isn't negotiated yet / is shutting down.
+// Accept/reject outcomes are visible only via take_stats() and, for
+// dropped frames that break the H.264 reference chain, needs_key_frame().
 int32_t breadcast_caststream_sender_enqueue_frame(CastStreamSender* sender,
                                                   const uint8_t* data,
                                                   size_t data_len,

breadcast-caststream-sys/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 //! Raw FFI bindings to `src/facade.h`/`src/facade.cc`, which wrap a pruned,
 //! vendored subset of `chromium/openscreen`'s Cast Streaming sender (see
 //! `vendor/openscreen/PATCHES.md`). This crate is intentionally low-level and
-//! unsafe -- see `breadcast-caststream` (not this crate) for the ergonomic,
+//! unsafe -- see `breadcast-core::caststream` for the ergonomic, thread-safe
-//! thread-safe wrapper most callers should use instead.
+//! wrapper most callers should use instead.
 //!
 //! # Threading contract
 //!

breadcast-core/src/capture/portal.rs

@@ -117,6 +117,10 @@ impl CaptureSession {
                 .open(&token_path)
             {
                 use std::io::Write;
+                use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+                // `mode()` only applies on create. A pre-existing
+                // world-readable token would keep its mode otherwise.
+                let _ = file.set_permissions(std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600));
                 let _ = file.write_all(token.as_bytes());
             }
         }

breadcast-core/src/caststream.rs

@@ -225,16 +225,18 @@ impl CastStreamSender {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Enqueues one encoded video access unit (Annex-B H.264) for sending.
+    /// Posts one encoded video access unit (Annex-B H.264) onto the C++
-    /// `capture_time_us` only needs to be monotonically increasing and
+    /// TaskRunner. `capture_time_us` only needs to be monotonically
-    /// proportional to real elapsed time between frames -- it does not need
+    /// increasing and proportional to real elapsed time between frames --
-    /// to be wall-clock-accurate.
+    /// it does not need to be wall-clock-accurate.
     ///
-    /// Returns an error if the session isn't negotiated yet or the frame
+    /// Returns an error only if the session isn't negotiated (or is
-    /// was rejected under backpressure; callers should treat the latter as
+    /// shutting down). A `Ok(())` means the frame was *posted*, not that
-    /// a dropped frame, not a fatal condition (see
+    /// `Sender::EnqueueFrame` accepted it -- accept/reject is visible via
-    /// [`Self::needs_key_frame`]/[`Self::estimated_bandwidth_bps`] for how
+    /// [`Self::enqueue_stats`], and a reject that breaks the H.264
-    /// to react).
+    /// reference chain latches [`Self::needs_key_frame`]. Treating this
+    /// return as accept/reject is how an earlier version hid a frozen
+    /// picture behind a healthy "30fps enqueued" log line.
     pub fn enqueue_frame(&self, data: &[u8], is_key_frame: bool, capture_time_us: i64) -> Result<()> {
         let result = unsafe {
             breadcast_caststream_sender_enqueue_frame(
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ impl CastStreamSender {
             )
         };
         if result != 0 {
-            bail!("frame not enqueued (session not negotiated yet)");
+            bail!("frame not posted (session not negotiated or shutting down)");
         }
         Ok(())
     }

breadcast-core/src/discovery.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ const ADDRESS_STALE_AFTER: Duration = Duration::from_secs(300);
 /// to two IPv4 addresses (e.g. wired + wireless, or a DHCP lease change),
 /// an unordered choice can silently pick a stale/unreachable one, and pick
 /// a *different* one across otherwise-identical runs.
-fn pick_address(addresses: &[(ScopedIp, Instant)]) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+fn pick_address(addresses: &[(ScopedIp, Instant)]) -> Option<String> {
     let now = Instant::now();
     let mut candidates: Vec<&(ScopedIp, Instant)> = addresses
         .iter()
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ fn pick_address(addresses: &[(ScopedIp, Instant)]) -> Option<IpAddr> {
             })
         })
         .or_else(|| candidates.first())
-        .map(|(ip, _)| ip.to_ip_addr())
+        // Prefer ScopedIp's Display so a last-resort link-local IPv6
+        // keeps its `%iface` zone -- `IpAddr` drops it and
+        // `TcpStream::connect("fe80::…")` then fails with EINVAL.
+        .map(|(ip, _)| ip.to_string())
 }
 
 const SERVICE_TYPE: &str = "_googlecast._tcp.local.";
@@ -140,10 +143,21 @@ impl Discovery {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        let Some(host) = pick_address(addrs).map(|ip| ip.to_string()) else {
+                        let Some(host) = pick_address(addrs) else {
                             warn!(%id, "cast device resolved with no usable addresses, skipping");
                             continue;
                         };
+                        // First ServiceResolved is often IPv6-only (or a
+                        // zoneless fe80::). rust_cast / Cast Streaming
+                        // cannot connect to that. Wait for a later
+                        // resolve that carries IPv4 or a scoped address.
+                        if host.parse::<std::net::Ipv6Addr>().is_ok()
+                            && host.starts_with("fe80:")
+                            && !host.contains('%')
+                        {
+                            warn!(%id, %host, "cast device resolved to an unscoped link-local IPv6, waiting for a better address");
+                            continue;
+                        }
 
                         fullname_to_id.insert(info.get_fullname().to_string(), id.clone());
 

breadcast-core/src/dlna/discovery.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tracing::{debug, warn};
 
 use super::device::DlnaDevice;
-use super::AV_TRANSPORT;
+use super::{AV_TRANSPORT, MEDIA_RENDERER};
 
 /// How often to re-issue an SSDP search burst. Unlike mDNS (continuous
 /// multicast browsing via `mdns-sd` in [`crate::discovery`]), SSDP has no
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl DlnaDiscovery {
             let mut known: HashMap<String, (DlnaDevice, u32)> = HashMap::new();
 
             loop {
-                let search_target = SearchTarget::URN(AV_TRANSPORT);
+                let search_target = SearchTarget::URN(MEDIA_RENDERER);
                 match rupnp::discover(&search_target, SEARCH_TIMEOUT, None).await {
                     Ok(stream) => {
                         use futures_util::StreamExt;
@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@ impl DlnaDiscovery {
                             };
 
                             let url = device.url().to_string();
+                            if device.find_service(&AV_TRANSPORT).is_none() {
+                                debug!(%url, "UPnP device has no AVTransport, skipping");
+                                continue;
+                            }
                             confirmed.insert(url.clone());
 
                             if let Some(entry) = known.get_mut(&url) {

breadcast-core/src/dlna/mod.rs

@@ -21,3 +21,7 @@ pub use discovery::{DlnaDiscovery, DlnaDiscoveryEvent};
 pub use session::DlnaSession;
 
 const AV_TRANSPORT: URN = URN::service("schemas-upnp-org", "AVTransport", 1);
+/// Device-type search. Many TVs answer M-SEARCH for MediaRenderer but not
+/// for the AVTransport *service* URN (Windows "Cast to Device" searches
+/// this). After resolve we still require AVTransport.
+const MEDIA_RENDERER: URN = URN::device("schemas-upnp-org", "MediaRenderer", 1);

breadcast-core/src/dlna/session.rs

@@ -56,18 +56,36 @@ impl DlnaSession {
     /// renderer would reject with no useful diagnostic.
     pub async fn load(&self, content_url: &str) -> Result<()> {
         let escaped = xml_escape(content_url);
+        // Many Samsung/LG renderers reject an empty CurrentURIMetaData and
+        // need DIDL-Lite + protocolInfo before they will play a live HLS
+        // playlist. The DIDL itself is then XML-escaped for the SOAP body.
+        let didl = format!(
+            r#"<DIDL-Lite xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/DIDL-Lite/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:upnp="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/upnp/"><item id="0" parentID="-1" restricted="1"><dc:title>breadcast</dc:title><upnp:class>object.item.videoItem</upnp:class><res protocolInfo="http-get:*:application/vnd.apple.mpegurl:*">{escaped}</res></item></DIDL-Lite>"#
+        );
+        let metadata = xml_escape(&didl);
         let set_uri_payload = format!(
-            "<InstanceID>0</InstanceID><CurrentURI>{escaped}</CurrentURI><CurrentURIMetaData></CurrentURIMetaData>"
+            "<InstanceID>0</InstanceID><CurrentURI>{escaped}</CurrentURI><CurrentURIMetaData>{metadata}</CurrentURIMetaData>"
         );
         self.service
             .action(&self.device_url, "SetAVTransportURI", &set_uri_payload)
             .await
             .context("SetAVTransportURI failed")?;
 
-        self.service
+        // Some renderers auto-play after SetURI and then reject Play;
+        // others stay TRANSITIONING for a moment. Either PLAYING state is
+        // success.
+        match self
+            .service
             .action(&self.device_url, "Play", "<InstanceID>0</InstanceID><Speed>1</Speed>")
             .await
-            .context("Play failed")?;
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            Err(e) => {
+                if self.transport_state().await.ok().as_deref() != Some("PLAYING") {
+                    return Err(e).context("Play failed");
+                }
+            }
+        }
 
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -106,7 +124,7 @@ impl DlnaSession {
     }
 }
 
-fn xml_escape(input: &str) -> String {
+pub(crate) fn xml_escape(input: &str) -> String {
     let mut escaped = String::with_capacity(input.len());
     for c in input.chars() {
         match c {
@@ -120,3 +138,14 @@ fn xml_escape(input: &str) -> String {
     }
     escaped
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::xml_escape;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn xml_escape_covers_the_five_markup_chars() {
+        assert_eq!(xml_escape(r#"a&b<c>d"e'f"#), "a&amp;b&lt;c&gt;d&quot;e&apos;f");
+        assert_eq!(xml_escape("http://10.0.0.1:1/t/playlist.m3u8"), "http://10.0.0.1:1/t/playlist.m3u8");
+    }
+}

breadcast-core/src/http_server.rs

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ const WORKER_THREADS: usize = 8;
 
 /// Serves `root` (the `hlssink3` output directory: `playlist.m3u8` +
 /// `segment*.ts`) over plain HTTP. Runs a small fixed pool of worker
-/// threads; dropping the handle does not stop the server (there is no clean
+/// threads. [`HttpServer::shutdown`] (also invoked from `Drop`) unblocks
-/// shutdown yet — matches the smoke-testing scope of the rest of Phase 2).
+/// those workers and closes the listener so a finished DLNA session does
+/// not keep the last screen-recording segments reachable on the LAN.
 ///
 /// Every servable path is namespaced under a random token
 /// (`/<token>/playlist.m3u8`, etc. — see [`HttpServer::token`]) rather than
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ const WORKER_THREADS: usize = 8;
 pub struct HttpServer {
     addr: SocketAddr,
     token: String,
+    server: Option<Arc<tiny_http::Server>>,
 }
 
 impl HttpServer {
@@ -74,7 +76,19 @@ impl HttpServer {
             });
         }
 
-        Ok(Self { addr, token })
+        Ok(Self { addr, token, server: Some(server) })
+    }
+
+    /// Unblocks every worker and drops the listener. After this returns the
+    /// bind address is free and the path token no longer serves anything.
+    /// Safe to call more than once.
+    pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
+        let Some(server) = self.server.take() else { return };
+        // `unblock` wakes one `recv()` at a time; wake every worker so
+        // they all observe the error and drop their Arc.
+        for _ in 0..WORKER_THREADS {
+            server.unblock();
+        }
     }
 
     /// The bound address, e.g. `0.0.0.0:41823`. Combine with this
@@ -90,7 +104,17 @@ impl HttpServer {
     /// doc for why that can't just be `self.addr()`), including the
     /// unguessable path token every request must carry.
     pub fn url(&self, host: std::net::IpAddr, relative: &str) -> String {
-        format!("http://{host}:{}/{}/{relative}", self.addr.port(), self.token)
+        let port = self.addr.port();
+        match host {
+            std::net::IpAddr::V6(v6) => format!("http://[{v6}]:{port}/{}/{relative}", self.token),
+            std::net::IpAddr::V4(v4) => format!("http://{v4}:{port}/{}/{relative}", self.token),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for HttpServer {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.shutdown();
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +147,7 @@ fn random_token() -> String {
 /// multi-range (multipart ranges aren't needed for HLS segment fetches, and
 /// falling back to a full 200 response for those is always a valid
 /// response under the HTTP spec).
-fn parse_range(value: &str, len: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
+pub(crate) fn parse_range(value: &str, len: usize) -> Option<(usize, usize)> {
     let spec = value.strip_prefix("bytes=")?;
     if spec.contains(',') || len == 0 {
         return None;
@@ -233,7 +257,11 @@ fn handle_request(request: tiny_http::Request, root: &Path, token: &str) -> Resu
     ];
 
     let (status, body) = match range {
-        Some((start, end)) if start <= end && end < data.len() => {
+        // RFC 7233: a last-byte-pos past the end is clamped, not 416.
+        // HLS clients often probe `bytes=0-1048575` against a ~400KB
+        // segment; answering 416 stalls playback with no encoder error.
+        Some((start, end)) if start < data.len() && start <= end => {
+            let end = end.min(data.len() - 1);
             headers.push(("Content-Range".to_string(), format!("bytes {start}-{end}/{}", data.len())));
             (206u16, data[start..=end].to_vec())
         }
@@ -264,3 +292,25 @@ fn respond_status(request: tiny_http::Request, status: u16) -> Result<()> {
         .respond(tiny_http::Response::empty(status))
         .context("failed to write HTTP error response")
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::parse_range;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_range_accepts_the_usual_hls_shapes() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=0-99", 200), Some((0, 99)));
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=50-", 200), Some((50, 199)));
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=-20", 200), Some((180, 199)));
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=0-0", 200), Some((0, 0)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_range_rejects_malformed_or_multipart() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=", 200), None);
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=-", 200), None);
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=0-10,20-30", 200), None);
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("items=0-10", 200), None);
+        assert_eq!(parse_range("bytes=0-10", 0), None);
+    }
+}

breadcast-core/src/net.rs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr};
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 
+const EXCLUDED_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &["tailscale", "wg", "docker", "veth", "br-", "virbr", "lo"];
+
 /// Finds this machine's LAN-reachable IPv4 address by enumerating network
 /// interfaces directly, rather than the more common "UDP-connect to a
 /// public address and read back the local endpoint" trick — that trick
@@ -18,8 +20,42 @@ use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 /// Shared by every casting protocol (Cast, DLNA, ...) — they all need to
 /// embed this machine's own address in a URL handed to a receiver device.
 pub fn local_lan_ip() -> Result<IpAddr> {
-    const EXCLUDED_PREFIXES: &[&str] = &["tailscale", "wg", "docker", "veth", "br-", "virbr", "lo"];
+    pick_lan_ip(None)
+}
 
+/// Like [`local_lan_ip`], but prefers the interface whose subnet contains
+/// `peer`. Dual-homed machines (ethernet + wifi, two VLANs) otherwise
+/// embed the wrong host in the HLS URL and the renderer cannot fetch it —
+/// the same silent `LOAD FAILED` class as the Tailscale case above.
+pub fn local_lan_ip_for(peer: IpAddr) -> Result<IpAddr> {
+    pick_lan_ip(Some(peer))
+}
+
+fn pick_lan_ip(peer: Option<IpAddr>) -> Result<IpAddr> {
+    let mut candidates = lan_ipv4_candidates()?;
+
+    if let Some(IpAddr::V4(peer_v4)) = peer {
+        if let Some((_, addr, _)) = candidates
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|(_, addr, prefix)| same_subnet(*addr, peer_v4, *prefix))
+            .max_by_key(|(_, _, prefix)| *prefix)
+        {
+            return Ok(IpAddr::V4(*addr));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Prefer a conventionally-named physical/Wi-Fi interface when there's a
+    // choice, but any private, non-excluded address is acceptable.
+    candidates.sort_by_key(|(iface, _, _)| !(iface.starts_with("wl") || iface.starts_with("en") || iface.starts_with("eth")));
+
+    candidates
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(_, addr, _)| IpAddr::V4(addr))
+        .next()
+        .context("no LAN-reachable IPv4 address found (excluding loopback/VPN/virtual interfaces) — is this machine connected to a network?")
+}
+
+fn lan_ipv4_candidates() -> Result<Vec<(String, Ipv4Addr, u8)>> {
     let output = std::process::Command::new("ip")
         .args(["-4", "-o", "addr", "show", "scope", "global", "up"])
         .output()
@@ -29,7 +65,7 @@ pub fn local_lan_ip() -> Result<IpAddr> {
     }
     let text = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
 
-    let mut candidates: Vec<(String, Ipv4Addr)> = Vec::new();
+    let mut candidates: Vec<(String, Ipv4Addr, u8)> = Vec::new();
     for line in text.lines() {
         // Format: "3: wlan0    inet 10.179.161.89/23 brd ... scope global dynamic wlan0"
         let mut fields = line.split_whitespace();
@@ -42,20 +78,41 @@ pub fn local_lan_ip() -> Result<IpAddr> {
             continue;
         }
         let Some(cidr) = fields.next() else { continue };
-        let Some(addr) = cidr.split('/').next().and_then(|a| a.parse::<Ipv4Addr>().ok()) else { continue };
+        let mut parts = cidr.split('/');
+        let Some(addr) = parts.next().and_then(|a| a.parse::<Ipv4Addr>().ok()) else { continue };
+        let prefix: u8 = parts.next().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()).unwrap_or(32);
         if !addr.is_private() {
             continue;
         }
-        candidates.push((iface.to_string(), addr));
+        candidates.push((iface.to_string(), addr, prefix.min(32)));
+    }
+    Ok(candidates)
+}
+
+fn same_subnet(a: Ipv4Addr, b: Ipv4Addr, prefix: u8) -> bool {
+    if prefix == 0 {
+        return true;
+    }
+    let mask = if prefix >= 32 {
+        u32::MAX
+    } else {
+        !((1u32 << (32 - prefix)) - 1)
+    };
+    (u32::from(a) & mask) == (u32::from(b) & mask)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn same_subnet_respects_prefix_length() {
+        let a: Ipv4Addr = "10.179.161.89".parse().unwrap();
+        let b: Ipv4Addr = "10.179.160.1".parse().unwrap();
+        let other: Ipv4Addr = "10.0.0.1".parse().unwrap();
+        assert!(same_subnet(a, b, 23));
+        assert!(!same_subnet(a, other, 23));
+        assert!(same_subnet(a, a, 32));
+        assert!(!same_subnet(a, b, 32));
     }
-
-    // Prefer a conventionally-named physical/Wi-Fi interface when there's a
-    // choice, but any private, non-excluded address is acceptable.
-    candidates.sort_by_key(|(iface, _)| !(iface.starts_with("wl") || iface.starts_with("en") || iface.starts_with("eth")));
-
-    candidates
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(_, addr)| IpAddr::V4(addr))
-        .next()
-        .context("no LAN-reachable IPv4 address found (excluding loopback/VPN/virtual interfaces) — is this machine connected to a network?")
 }

breadcast-core/src/pipeline/mod.rs

@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ pub fn pull_encoded_frame(appsink: &gst_app::AppSink) -> Result<Option<(Vec<u8>,
     let poll = gst::ClockTime::from_mseconds(CAPTURE_STALL_POLL.as_millis() as u64);
     let mut stalled_for = Duration::ZERO;
     loop {
+        let pulled_at = std::time::Instant::now();
         let Some(sample) = appsink.try_pull_sample(Some(poll)) else {
             // EOS is the ordinary end: the user hit "Stop sharing" in the
             // portal, or the source went away.
@@ -458,16 +459,18 @@ pub fn pull_encoded_frame(appsink: &gst_app::AppSink) -> Result<Option<(Vec<u8>,
                 return Ok(None);
             }
             // Teardown from another thread (`CastMirrorSession::stop` sets
-            // the pipeline to Null) makes the sink flush, and a flushing
+            // the pipeline to Null) flushes the sink *before*
-            // sink returns `None` *immediately* rather than after the
+            // `current_state()` leaves Playing. A flushing sink returns
-            // timeout. Treat that as a clean end too -- otherwise this would
+            // `None` immediately; counting that as stall time used to
-            // busy-spin for the whole stall budget and then report a
+            // raise a spurious "capture stalled" on every normal stop.
-            // spurious "capture stalled" on every normal stop.
+            if !matches!(appsink.current_state(), gst::State::Playing | gst::State::Paused)
-            if !matches!(appsink.current_state(), gst::State::Playing | gst::State::Paused) {
+                || matches!(appsink.pending_state(), gst::State::Null | gst::State::Ready)
+                || pulled_at.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(20)
+            {
                 return Ok(None);
             }
 
-            stalled_for += CAPTURE_STALL_POLL;
+            stalled_for += pulled_at.elapsed();
             if stalled_for < CAPTURE_STALL_TIMEOUT {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -529,11 +532,56 @@ pub enum RunOutcome {
     Timeout,
 }
 
+/// Blocks the calling thread until the pipeline reports an error or EOS.
+/// Unlike [`run_until_error_or_timeout`] this does not give up after a
+/// fixed duration -- a live mirror session can last hours, and a 1-hour
+/// leftover from the smoke-test helper was leaving GStreamer errors
+/// unobserved for the rest of the cast. Also returns [`RunOutcome::Eos`]
+/// once the pipeline has been torn down from another thread (`Null`), so
+/// a daemon watcher does not sit forever after `stop()`.
+pub fn run_until_eos_or_error(pipeline: &gst::Pipeline) -> Result<RunOutcome> {
+    let bus = pipeline.bus().context("pipeline has no bus")?;
+    loop {
+        let Some(msg) = bus.timed_pop_filtered(
+            gst::ClockTime::from_mseconds(500),
+            &[gst::MessageType::Error, gst::MessageType::Eos, gst::MessageType::Warning],
+        ) else {
+            if !matches!(
+                pipeline.current_state(),
+                gst::State::Playing | gst::State::Paused | gst::State::Ready
+            ) {
+                return Ok(RunOutcome::Eos);
+            }
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        use gst::MessageView;
+        match msg.view() {
+            MessageView::Error(e) => {
+                bail!(
+                    "GStreamer pipeline error from {:?}: {} ({:?})",
+                    e.src().map(|s| s.path_string()),
+                    e.error(),
+                    e.debug()
+                );
+            }
+            MessageView::Warning(w) => {
+                tracing::warn!(
+                    src = ?w.src().map(|s| s.path_string()),
+                    error = %w.error(),
+                    "GStreamer pipeline warning"
+                );
+            }
+            MessageView::Eos(_) => return Ok(RunOutcome::Eos),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Blocks the calling thread until the pipeline reports an error or EOS, or
 /// `timeout` elapses (whichever first). Returns which of those happened, or
 /// `Err` on a real pipeline error. Meant for smoke-testing from a
-/// synchronous `main`/example; the real daemon will want an async/watch-based
+/// synchronous `main`/example; the daemon uses [`run_until_eos_or_error`].
-/// version instead of blocking a thread.
 pub fn run_until_error_or_timeout(pipeline: &gst::Pipeline, timeout: gst::ClockTime) -> Result<RunOutcome> {
     let bus = pipeline.bus().context("pipeline has no bus")?;
     let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from(timeout);

breadcast/src/css.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ pub fn build_css(palette: &Palette) -> String {
             color: {overlay};
             padding: 24px 8px;
         }}
+        .cast-error-label {{
+            color: #e35b5b;
+            font-size: 0.85em;
+            padding: 4px 8px;
+        }}
         .cast-stop-button {{
             background-color: alpha(#e35b5b, 0.15);
             color: #e35b5b;

breadcast/src/ipc_client.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ impl IpcClient {
         let path = socket_path()?;
         let write_half = UnixStream::connect(&path)
             .with_context(|| format!("failed to connect to breadcastd at {} — is it running?", path.display()))?;
+        // A wedged daemon must not freeze the GTK main thread on write.
+        let _ = write_half.set_write_timeout(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(5)));
         let read_half = write_half.try_clone().context("failed to duplicate the IPC socket handle")?;
 
         let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();

breadcast/src/main.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use bread_theme::load_palette;
 use breadcast_core::ipc::{DeviceInfo, Protocol, ServerMessage, StateInfo};
 use gtk4::prelude::*;
-use gtk4::{Align, Application, Box as GBox, Button, Label, ListBox, Orientation, SelectionMode, glib};
+use gtk4::{
+    Align, Application, Box as GBox, Button, EventControllerKey, Label, ListBox, Orientation, SelectionMode, glib,
+};
 use ipc_client::IpcClient;
 
 const PANEL_WIDTH: i32 = 360;
@@ -70,12 +72,50 @@ fn build_ui(app: &Application) {
     empty_label.add_css_class("cast-empty-label");
     panel.append(&empty_label);
 
+    let error_label = Label::new(None);
+    error_label.add_css_class("cast-error-label");
+    error_label.set_wrap(true);
+    error_label.set_visible(false);
+    panel.append(&error_label);
+
     window.set_child(Some(&panel));
     bread_utils::gtk_popup::close_on_outside_click(&window, &panel, {
         let window = window.clone();
         move || window.close()
     });
 
+    let key_ctrl = EventControllerKey::new();
+    key_ctrl.set_propagation_phase(gtk4::PropagationPhase::Capture);
+    {
+        let window = window.clone();
+        let list = list.clone();
+        key_ctrl.connect_key_pressed(move |_, key, _, _| {
+            use gtk4::gdk::Key;
+            match key {
+                Key::Escape => {
+                    window.close();
+                    glib::Propagation::Stop
+                }
+                Key::Return | Key::KP_Enter => {
+                    if let Some(row) = list.selected_row() {
+                        row.activate();
+                    }
+                    glib::Propagation::Stop
+                }
+                Key::Down => {
+                    bread_utils::gtk_popup::select_next_visible(&list);
+                    glib::Propagation::Stop
+                }
+                Key::Up => {
+                    bread_utils::gtk_popup::select_prev_visible(&list);
+                    glib::Propagation::Stop
+                }
+                _ => glib::Propagation::Proceed,
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    window.add_controller(key_ctrl);
+
     match IpcClient::connect() {
         Ok((client, rx)) => {
             let client = Rc::new(RefCell::new(client));
@@ -84,10 +124,16 @@ fn build_ui(app: &Application) {
 
             list.connect_row_activated({
                 let client = client.clone();
+                let window = window.clone();
                 move |_, row| {
                     let Some(device_id) = (unsafe { row.data::<String>("device_id") }) else { return };
                     let device_id = unsafe { device_id.as_ref() }.clone();
                     let _ = client.borrow_mut().send("start_cast", serde_json::json!({ "device_id": device_id }));
+                    // Close before the portal picker appears -- this overlay
+                    // is KeyboardMode::Exclusive and otherwise steals
+                    // Enter/Escape from the picker (and swallows clicks on
+                    // the dimmed background).
+                    window.close();
                 }
             });
 
@@ -100,11 +146,26 @@ fn build_ui(app: &Application) {
 
             let list = list.clone();
             let empty_label = empty_label.clone();
+            let error_label = error_label.clone();
             let status_pill = status_pill.clone();
             let stop_button = stop_button.clone();
             glib::timeout_add_local(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100), move || {
-                while let Ok(message) = rx.try_recv() {
+                loop {
-                    handle_server_message(message, &list, &empty_label, &status_pill, &stop_button);
+                    match rx.try_recv() {
+                        Ok(message) => {
+                            handle_server_message(message, &list, &empty_label, &error_label, &status_pill, &stop_button);
+                        }
+                        Err(std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError::Empty) => break,
+                        Err(std::sync::mpsc::TryRecvError::Disconnected) => {
+                            empty_label.set_label("breadcastd isn't running");
+                            empty_label.set_visible(true);
+                            list.set_visible(false);
+                            stop_button.set_visible(false);
+                            status_pill.set_label("Offline");
+                            status_pill.remove_css_class("casting");
+                            return glib::ControlFlow::Break;
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 glib::ControlFlow::Continue
             });
@@ -125,6 +186,7 @@ fn handle_server_message(
     message: ServerMessage,
     list: &ListBox,
     empty_label: &Label,
+    error_label: &Label,
     status_pill: &Label,
     stop_button: &Button,
 ) {
@@ -138,6 +200,8 @@ fn handle_server_message(
         }
         ServerMessage::Response { error: Some(error), .. } => {
             eprintln!("breadcast: request failed: {error}");
+            error_label.set_label(&error);
+            error_label.set_visible(true);
             None
         }
         _ => None,
@@ -145,7 +209,10 @@ fn handle_server_message(
     let Some((event, data)) = payload else { return };
     match event.as_str() {
         "device_list_changed" => update_device_list(list, empty_label, data),
-        "state_changed" => update_state(status_pill, stop_button, data),
+        "state_changed" => {
+            error_label.set_visible(false);
+            update_state(status_pill, stop_button, data);
+        }
         _ => {}
     }
 }

breadcastd/src/cast_mirror.rs

@@ -83,7 +83,11 @@ impl CastMirrorSession {
     /// receiver dropping the connection) back to the daemon actor, so it
     /// can transition back to `Idle` and notify GUI clients even if nobody
     /// called `stop()`.
-    pub async fn start(device: CastDevice, daemon_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand>) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn start(
+        device: CastDevice,
+        daemon_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand>,
+        generation: u64,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let capture = CaptureSession::start().await.context("failed to start portal screen capture")?;
         let video_node_id = capture.video_node_id();
 
@@ -94,13 +98,18 @@ impl CastMirrorSession {
         // OFFER below rather than re-derived there, so the advertised stream
         // and the encoded stream cannot drift apart.
         let (pipeline, appsink, encoder, video_params) =
-            build_video_pipeline_for_streaming(video_node_id).context("failed to build the encode pipeline")?;
+            match build_video_pipeline_for_streaming(video_node_id) {
+                Ok(built) => built,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    close_capture_bounded(capture).await;
+                    return Err(e).context("failed to build the encode pipeline");
+                }
+            };
 
         {
             let pipeline_watch = pipeline.clone();
             std::thread::spawn(move || {
-                match breadcast_core::pipeline::run_until_error_or_timeout(&pipeline_watch, gst::ClockTime::from_seconds(3600))
+                match breadcast_core::pipeline::run_until_eos_or_error(&pipeline_watch) {
-                {
                     Ok(outcome) => tracing::debug!(?outcome, "encode pipeline bus watcher ended"),
                     Err(e) => tracing::error!(error = ?e, "encode pipeline error"),
                 }
@@ -111,19 +120,37 @@ impl CastMirrorSession {
         // (milliseconds on a LAN) but still blocking I/O -- run it off the
         // async worker thread pool rather than stalling it, even briefly.
         let device_for_connect = device.clone();
-        let (session, _media_events, raw_messages) = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        let connect = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || {
             CastSession::connect_app(
                 &device_for_connect,
                 CastDeviceApp::Custom(breadcast_core::caststream::MIRRORING_APP_ID.to_string()),
             )
         })
-        .await
+        .await;
-        .context("connect_app task panicked")?
+        let (session, _media_events, raw_messages) = match connect {
-        .context("failed to connect and launch the Mirroring receiver")?;
+            Ok(Ok(connected)) => connected,
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                let _ = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null);
+                close_capture_bounded(capture).await;
+                return Err(e).context("failed to connect and launch the Mirroring receiver");
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                let _ = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null);
+                close_capture_bounded(capture).await;
+                return Err(e).context("connect_app task panicked");
+            }
+        };
 
         let (sender, stream_events) =
-            CastStreamSender::start(&device.host, "sender-0", session.transport_id(), video_params)
+            match CastStreamSender::start(&device.host, "sender-0", session.transport_id(), video_params) {
-                .context("failed to start the Cast Streaming session")?;
+                Ok(started) => started,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    stop_session_bounded(&session).await;
+                    let _ = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null);
+                    close_capture_bounded(capture).await;
+                    return Err(e).context("failed to start the Cast Streaming session");
+                }
+            };
         let sender = Arc::new(sender);
 
         let message_pump = {
@@ -138,9 +165,12 @@ impl CastMirrorSession {
         };
 
         let negotiated = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        let failed = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
         let event_pump = {
             let session = session.clone();
             let negotiated = negotiated.clone();
+            let failed = failed.clone();
+            let daemon_tx = daemon_tx.clone();
             std::thread::spawn(move || {
                 while let Ok(event) = stream_events.recv() {
                     match event {
@@ -150,37 +180,68 @@ impl CastMirrorSession {
                             }
                         }
                         CastStreamEvent::Negotiated => negotiated.store(true, Ordering::Release),
-                        CastStreamEvent::Error(message) => tracing::warn!(%message, "Cast Streaming error"),
+                        CastStreamEvent::Error(message) => {
+                            tracing::warn!(%message, "Cast Streaming error");
+                            failed.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+                            // After negotiation the frame pump is running
+                            // and this is an unprompted death; before
+                            // negotiation, start() itself observes `failed`
+                            // and tears down.
+                            if negotiated.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                                let _ = daemon_tx.blocking_send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation });
+                            }
+                        }
                         CastStreamEvent::PictureLost => tracing::debug!("receiver reported picture loss"),
                     }
                 }
             })
         };
 
+        // From here every error path must use the same join/drop order as
+        // `stop()`. Building the session now and calling `stop()` on it is
+        // what keeps a leaked `CastStreamSender` from leaving
+        // PlatformClientPosix alive -- the next start would then hit
+        // OSP_CHECK(!instance_) and abort the daemon.
+        let mut started = Self {
+            pipeline,
+            session,
+            capture: Some(capture),
+            sender: Some(sender),
+            message_pump: Some(message_pump),
+            event_pump: Some(event_pump),
+            frame_pump: None,
+        };
+
         tracing::info!(device = %device.name, "sending Cast Streaming OFFER");
+        if let Some(sender) = started.sender.as_ref() {
             sender.negotiate();
+        }
 
         let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(10);
-        while !negotiated.load(Ordering::Acquire) && tokio::time::Instant::now() < deadline {
+        while !negotiated.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+            && !failed.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+            && tokio::time::Instant::now() < deadline
+        {
             tokio::time::sleep(tokio::time::Duration::from_millis(50)).await;
         }
+        if failed.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+            started.stop().await;
+            anyhow::bail!("Cast Streaming session error from {} during negotiation", device.name);
+        }
         if !negotiated.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
-            // Bounded for the same reason `Self::stop`'s calls are -- an
+            started.stop().await;
-            // unresponsive receiver (which is exactly what "negotiation
-            // timed out" implies) can wedge either of these forever
-            // otherwise, taking the whole single-threaded daemon actor
-            // down with it before this even gets to return an error.
-            stop_session_bounded(&session).await;
-            close_capture_bounded(capture).await;
             anyhow::bail!("never received an ANSWER from {} (negotiation timed out)", device.name);
         }
 
-        pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Playing).context("failed to start the encode pipeline")?;
+        if let Err(e) = started.pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Playing) {
+            started.stop().await;
+            return Err(e).context("failed to start the encode pipeline");
+        }
         tracing::info!(device = %device.name, "mirroring started");
 
         let frame_pump = {
             let device_name = device.name.clone();
-            let sender = sender.clone();
+            let sender = started.sender.as_ref().expect("sender installed above").clone();
             std::thread::spawn(move || {
                 let result = frame_pump_loop(&appsink, &encoder, &sender);
                 if let Err(e) = result {
@@ -190,19 +251,12 @@ impl CastMirrorSession {
                 // was, very recently) still alive. If the channel is full or
                 // closed, there's nothing more useful to do from this
                 // thread than drop the notification.
-                let _ = daemon_tx.blocking_send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded);
+                let _ = daemon_tx.blocking_send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation });
             })
         };
+        started.frame_pump = Some(frame_pump);
 
-        Ok(Self {
+        Ok(started)
-            pipeline,
-            session,
-            capture: Some(capture),
-            sender: Some(sender),
-            message_pump: Some(message_pump),
-            event_pump: Some(event_pump),
-            frame_pump: Some(frame_pump),
-        })
     }
 
     /// Tears down the session. Order matters and is not interchangeable:

breadcastd/src/daemon.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,29 @@ pub enum DaemonCommand {
     /// dropping the connection or stopping playback) -- as opposed to
     /// `StopCast` being called. Either way the daemon needs to forget the
     /// (now-dead) session and go back to `Idle`.
-    SessionEnded,
+    SessionEnded { generation: u64 },
+    /// Result of a `StartCast` that ran off this actor (the portal picker
+    /// and OFFER/ANSWER wait must not stall `list_devices` / `stop_cast`).
+    /// Ignored when `generation` no longer matches -- that means `StopCast`
+    /// cancelled the in-flight start.
+    StartFinished {
+        generation: u64,
+        outcome: Result<StartedSession, StartFailed>,
+        reply: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), String>>,
+    },
+}
+
+/// A session that finished starting, ready to be installed as `active_session`.
+pub(crate) struct StartedSession {
+    pub session: ActiveSession,
+    pub device_id: String,
+    pub device_name: String,
+    pub protocol: Protocol,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct StartFailed {
+    pub device_id: String,
+    pub error: String,
 }
 
 pub fn spawn(events_tx: broadcast::Sender<ServerMessage>, bread_client: BreadClient) -> mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand> {
@@ -45,6 +67,8 @@ pub fn spawn(events_tx: broadcast::Sender<ServerMessage>, bread_client: BreadCli
             dlna_devices: HashMap::new(),
             state: StateInfo::Idle,
             active_session: None,
+            starting: false,
+            start_generation: 0,
             events_tx,
             bread_client,
             self_tx,
@@ -59,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn spawn(events_tx: broadcast::Sender<ServerMessage>, bread_client: BreadCli
 /// The currently active mirroring session, if any -- exactly one of the two
 /// protocol-specific session types, chosen by which device map `StartCast`
 /// found the requested device id in.
-enum ActiveSession {
+pub(crate) enum ActiveSession {
     Cast(CastMirrorSession),
     Dlna(Box<DlnaMirrorSession>),
 }
@@ -86,6 +110,13 @@ struct Daemon {
     dlna_devices: HashMap<String, DlnaDevice>,
     state: StateInfo,
     active_session: Option<ActiveSession>,
+    /// True while a `StartCast` is running off this actor (portal picker /
+    /// negotiation). Distinct from `active_session` so a second start is
+    /// rejected before the first one has a session to install.
+    starting: bool,
+    /// Bumped by `StopCast` so a `StartFinished` from a cancelled start
+    /// tears its session down instead of installing it.
+    start_generation: u64,
     events_tx: broadcast::Sender<ServerMessage>,
     /// Used to publish `bread.cast.mirroring_started`/`.stopped`/`.failed`
     /// on state transitions -- see `bread_events.rs`. A no-op if breadd
@@ -111,6 +142,12 @@ impl Daemon {
                 self.start_cast(device_id, reply).await;
             }
             DaemonCommand::StopCast { reply } => {
+                if self.starting {
+                    // Invalidate the in-flight start so its StartFinished
+                    // tears the session down instead of installing it.
+                    self.starting = false;
+                    self.start_generation = self.start_generation.wrapping_add(1);
+                }
                 if let Some(session) = self.active_session.take() {
                     session.stop().await;
                     bread_events::emit_mirroring_stopped(&self.bread_client);
@@ -119,20 +156,32 @@ impl Daemon {
                 self.broadcast_state();
                 let _ = reply.send(Ok(()));
             }
-            DaemonCommand::SessionEnded => {
+            DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation } => {
-                // The session already tore itself down (that's what
+                // Ignore a late notification from a session that already
-                // triggered this) -- just drop our handle to it and update
+                // stopped (or whose start was cancelled). An abandoned
-                // state. Ignored if this arrives after an explicit
+                // pump after a 5s join timeout used to take() the *next*
-                // `StopCast` already cleared `active_session` (the
+                // session and flip the UI to Idle while it was still live.
-                // background pump/poll it came from may briefly outlive
+                if generation != self.start_generation {
-                // that call).
+                    return;
-                if self.active_session.take().is_some() {
+                }
+                // The session's pump/poll noticed death, but the session
+                // handle itself has *not* been torn down -- there is no
+                // Drop impl. Dropping it here used to skip CastSession::stop
+                // (TV left on the last frame), skip portal close (PipeWire
+                // leak), and destroy the FFI sender while pump threads were
+                // still calling into it. Always run the ordered stop.
+                if let Some(session) = self.active_session.take() {
                     tracing::info!("mirror session ended on its own, returning to idle");
+                    session.stop().await;
+                    self.start_generation = self.start_generation.wrapping_add(1);
                     self.state = StateInfo::Idle;
                     self.broadcast_state();
                     bread_events::emit_mirroring_stopped(&self.bread_client);
                 }
             }
+            DaemonCommand::StartFinished { generation, outcome, reply } => {
+                self.on_start_finished(generation, outcome, reply).await;
+            }
             DaemonCommand::CastDeviceFound(device) => {
                 // mDNS resolves one physical device on every local address
                 // it has -- typically a private IPv4 and a link-local IPv6
@@ -147,9 +196,9 @@ impl Daemon {
                 );
                 if should_replace {
                     self.cast_devices.insert(device.id.clone(), device);
-                }
                     self.broadcast_devices();
                 }
+            }
             DaemonCommand::CastDeviceLost(id) => {
                 self.cast_devices.remove(&id);
                 self.broadcast_devices();
@@ -166,54 +215,100 @@ impl Daemon {
     }
 
     async fn start_cast(&mut self, device_id: String, reply: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), String>>) {
-        if self.active_session.is_some() {
+        if self.active_session.is_some() || self.starting {
             let _ = reply.send(Err("already casting -- stop the current session first".to_string()));
             return;
         }
 
         if let Some(device) = self.cast_devices.get(&device_id).cloned() {
-            match CastMirrorSession::start(device.clone(), self.self_tx.clone()).await {
+            self.starting = true;
-                Ok(session) => {
+            let generation = self.start_generation;
-                    self.active_session = Some(ActiveSession::Cast(session));
+            let daemon_tx = self.self_tx.clone();
-                    self.state =
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
-                        StateInfo::Casting { device_id: device.id.clone(), device_name: device.name.clone(), protocol: Protocol::Cast };
+                let outcome = match CastMirrorSession::start(device.clone(), daemon_tx.clone(), generation).await {
-                    self.broadcast_state();
+                    Ok(session) => Ok(StartedSession {
-                    bread_events::emit_mirroring_started(&self.bread_client, &device.id, &device.name, "cast");
+                        session: ActiveSession::Cast(session),
-                    let _ = reply.send(Ok(()));
+                        device_id: device.id,
-                }
+                        device_name: device.name,
-                Err(e) => {
+                        protocol: Protocol::Cast,
+                    }),
                     // `{e:#}` (not `{e}`/`to_string()`) so the full anyhow
                     // context chain reaches the caller/GUI instead of just
                     // the outermost ".context()" message.
-                    bread_events::emit_mirroring_failed(&self.bread_client, &device.id, &format!("{e:#}"));
+                    Err(e) => Err(StartFailed { device_id: device.id, error: format!("{e:#}") }),
-                    let _ = reply.send(Err(format!("{e:#}")));
+                };
-                }
+                let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::StartFinished { generation, outcome, reply }).await;
-            }
+            });
             return;
         }
 
         if let Some(device) = self.dlna_devices.get(&device_id).cloned() {
-            match DlnaMirrorSession::start(device.clone(), self.self_tx.clone()).await {
+            self.starting = true;
-                Ok(session) => {
+            let generation = self.start_generation;
-                    self.active_session = Some(ActiveSession::Dlna(Box::new(session)));
+            let daemon_tx = self.self_tx.clone();
-                    self.state = StateInfo::Casting {
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
-                        device_id: device.url.clone(),
+                let outcome = match DlnaMirrorSession::start(device.clone(), daemon_tx.clone(), generation).await {
-                        device_name: device.friendly_name.clone(),
+                    Ok(session) => Ok(StartedSession {
+                        session: ActiveSession::Dlna(Box::new(session)),
+                        device_id: device.url,
+                        device_name: device.friendly_name,
                         protocol: Protocol::Dlna,
+                    }),
+                    Err(e) => Err(StartFailed { device_id: device.url, error: format!("{e:#}") }),
                 };
-                    self.broadcast_state();
+                let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::StartFinished { generation, outcome, reply }).await;
-                    bread_events::emit_mirroring_started(&self.bread_client, &device.url, &device.friendly_name, "dlna");
+            });
-                    let _ = reply.send(Ok(()));
-                }
-                Err(e) => {
-                    bread_events::emit_mirroring_failed(&self.bread_client, &device.url, &format!("{e:#}"));
-                    let _ = reply.send(Err(format!("{e:#}")));
-                }
-            }
             return;
         }
 
-        let _ = reply.send(Err(format!("unknown device id \"{device_id}\"")));
+        let error = format!("unknown device id \"{device_id}\"");
+        bread_events::emit_mirroring_failed(&self.bread_client, &device_id, &error);
+        let _ = reply.send(Err(error));
+    }
+
+    async fn on_start_finished(
+        &mut self,
+        generation: u64,
+        outcome: Result<StartedSession, StartFailed>,
+        reply: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), String>>,
+    ) {
+        if generation != self.start_generation || !self.starting {
+            // StopCast cancelled this start while the portal/negotiation
+            // was still running. Tear the session down if it succeeded
+            // anyway, so we don't leak a sender or leave the TV casting.
+            if let Ok(started) = outcome {
+                started.session.stop().await;
+            }
+            let _ = reply.send(Err("start cancelled".to_string()));
+            return;
+        }
+        self.starting = false;
+        match outcome {
+            Ok(started) => {
+                self.active_session = Some(started.session);
+                self.state = StateInfo::Casting {
+                    device_id: started.device_id.clone(),
+                    device_name: started.device_name.clone(),
+                    protocol: started.protocol,
+                };
+                self.broadcast_state();
+                let protocol = match started.protocol {
+                    Protocol::Cast => "cast",
+                    Protocol::Dlna => "dlna",
+                };
+                bread_events::emit_mirroring_started(
+                    &self.bread_client,
+                    &started.device_id,
+                    &started.device_name,
+                    protocol,
+                );
+                let _ = reply.send(Ok(()));
+            }
+            Err(failed) => {
+                bread_events::emit_mirroring_failed(&self.bread_client, &failed.device_id, &failed.error);
+                let _ = reply.send(Err(failed.error));
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     fn device_list(&self) -> Vec<DeviceInfo> {

breadcastd/src/dlna_mirror.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use breadcast_core::http_server::HttpServer;
 use breadcast_core::net::local_lan_ip;
-use breadcast_core::pipeline::{build_video_pipeline, hls_output_dir, wait_for_playlist_segments};
+use breadcast_core::pipeline::{
+    build_video_pipeline, hls_output_dir, run_until_eos_or_error, wait_for_playlist_segments,
+};
 use breadcast_core::{CaptureSession, DlnaDevice, DlnaSession};
 use gstreamer as gst;
 use gstreamer::prelude::*;
@@ -27,11 +30,20 @@ use crate::daemon::DaemonCommand;
 /// this is a poll, not a push.
 const POLL_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3);
 
+/// How long the playlist may sit unchanged before we treat the encode
+/// side as dead. The Cast path has `pull_encoded_frame`'s stall watchdog;
+/// this is the HLS equivalent -- portal/encoder stalls produce no bus
+/// error, just a playlist that stops growing.
+const PLAYLIST_STALL_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
+
 pub struct DlnaMirrorSession {
     pipeline: gst::Pipeline,
     session: DlnaSession,
     capture: Option<CaptureSession>,
+    http: HttpServer,
+    output_dir: std::path::PathBuf,
     poll_task: tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
+    stall_task: tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>,
 }
 
 impl DlnaMirrorSession {
@@ -43,42 +55,57 @@ impl DlnaMirrorSession {
     /// renderer stopping playback on its own, a GStreamer error, or the
     /// renderer becoming unreachable) back to the daemon actor — mirrors
     /// `CastMirrorSession::start`'s same use of it.
-    pub async fn start(device: DlnaDevice, daemon_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand>) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn start(
+        device: DlnaDevice,
+        daemon_tx: tokio::sync::mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand>,
+        generation: u64,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
         let capture = CaptureSession::start().await.context("failed to start portal screen capture")?;
         let video_node_id = capture.video_node_id();
 
-        let output_dir = hls_output_dir("dlna-mirror")?;
+        let output_dir = match hls_output_dir("dlna-mirror") {
-        let pipeline =
+            Ok(dir) => dir,
-            build_video_pipeline(video_node_id, &output_dir).context("failed to build the encode pipeline")?;
+            Err(e) => {
-
+                let _ = capture.close().await;
-        // Fire-and-forget, same as `CastMirrorSession::start`'s identical
+                return Err(e);
-        // block: nothing joins this thread, it just self-terminates on
-        // pipeline error, EOS, or its own 1-hour timeout, whichever is
-        // first — see that function's doc comment for why that's fine.
-        {
-            let pipeline_watch = pipeline.clone();
-            std::thread::spawn(move || {
-                match breadcast_core::pipeline::run_until_error_or_timeout(&pipeline_watch, gst::ClockTime::from_seconds(3600))
-                {
-                    Ok(outcome) => tracing::debug!(?outcome, "DLNA encode pipeline bus watcher ended"),
-                    Err(e) => tracing::error!(error = ?e, "DLNA encode pipeline error"),
             }
-            });
+        };
+        let pipeline = match build_video_pipeline(video_node_id, &output_dir) {
+            Ok(p) => p,
+            Err(e) => {
+                let _ = capture.close().await;
+                let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&output_dir);
+                return Err(e).context("failed to build the encode pipeline");
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Err(e) = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Playing) {
+            let _ = capture.close().await;
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&output_dir);
+            return Err(e).context("failed to start the encode pipeline");
         }
 
-        pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Playing).context("failed to start the encode pipeline")?;
+        let peer = host_ip_from_url(&device.url);
-
+        let lan_ip = match peer.map(breadcast_core::net::local_lan_ip_for).unwrap_or_else(local_lan_ip) {
-        let lan_ip = local_lan_ip().context("failed to determine this machine's LAN-reachable IP")?;
+            Ok(ip) => ip,
+            Err(e) => {
+                abort_partial(&pipeline, capture, None, &output_dir).await;
+                return Err(e).context("failed to determine this machine's LAN-reachable IP");
+            }
+        };
         // Bind an ephemeral port (`:0`) rather than a fixed one like the
         // `dlna_mirror_test` example uses -- the daemon may need to run
         // alongside that example, or a future concurrent-session mode,
-        // without a bind conflict. `HttpServer::start`'s worker threads
+        // without a bind conflict. The server is held on the session and
-        // outlive this session once it stops (documented pre-existing
+        // shut down in `stop()` so the last screen-recording segments are
-        // limitation, see `http_server.rs` -- not something introduced
+        // not left reachable on the LAN.
-        // here); one leaked idle listener per DLNA cast is an accepted
+        let http = match HttpServer::start("0.0.0.0:0", output_dir.clone()) {
-        // cost until that gets a real shutdown path.
+            Ok(http) => http,
-        let http = breadcast_core::http_server::HttpServer::start("0.0.0.0:0", output_dir.clone())
+            Err(e) => {
-            .context("failed to start the HLS HTTP server")?;
+                abort_partial(&pipeline, capture, None, &output_dir).await;
+                return Err(e).context("failed to start the HLS HTTP server");
+            }
+        };
         let stream_url = http.url(lan_ip, "playlist.m3u8");
 
         // Two segments, not three: this is a "don't hand the renderer a 404
@@ -87,30 +114,42 @@ impl DlnaMirrorSession {
         // `build_video_pipeline`'s note on HLS latency). Two is the minimum
         // that still proves the encoder is genuinely producing output rather
         // than having emitted one segment and stalled.
-        wait_for_playlist_segments(&output_dir.join("playlist.m3u8"), 2, Duration::from_secs(20))
+        if let Err(e) = wait_for_playlist_segments(&output_dir.join("playlist.m3u8"), 2, Duration::from_secs(20)).await
-            .await
+        {
-            .context("encode pipeline never produced playable HLS segments")?;
+            abort_partial(&pipeline, capture, Some(http), &output_dir).await;
+            return Err(e).context("encode pipeline never produced playable HLS segments");
+        }
 
-        let session = DlnaSession::connect(&device).await.context("failed to connect to the DLNA renderer")?;
+        let session = match DlnaSession::connect(&device).await {
-        session.load(&stream_url).await.context("renderer rejected the stream load")?;
+            Ok(session) => session,
+            Err(e) => {
+                abort_partial(&pipeline, capture, Some(http), &output_dir).await;
+                return Err(e).context("failed to connect to the DLNA renderer");
+            }
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = session.load(&stream_url).await {
+            abort_partial(&pipeline, capture, Some(http), &output_dir).await;
+            return Err(e).context("renderer rejected the stream load");
+        }
         tracing::info!(device = %device.friendly_name, %stream_url, "DLNA mirroring started");
 
         let poll_task = {
             let session = session.clone();
             let device_name = device.friendly_name.clone();
+            let daemon_tx = daemon_tx.clone();
             tokio::spawn(async move {
                 loop {
                     tokio::time::sleep(POLL_INTERVAL).await;
                     match session.transport_state().await {
                         Ok(state) if state == "STOPPED" || state == "NO_MEDIA_PRESENT" => {
                             tracing::info!(device = %device_name, %state, "DLNA renderer ended playback on its own");
-                            let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded).await;
+                            let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation }).await;
                             return;
                         }
                         Ok(_) => {}
                         Err(e) => {
                             tracing::warn!(device = %device_name, error = ?e, "DLNA transport state poll failed, treating renderer as gone");
-                            let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded).await;
+                            let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation }).await;
                             return;
                         }
                     }
@@ -118,17 +157,69 @@ impl DlnaMirrorSession {
             })
         };
 
-        Ok(Self { pipeline, session, capture: Some(capture), poll_task })
+        let stall_task = {
+            let playlist = output_dir.join("playlist.m3u8");
+            let daemon_tx = daemon_tx.clone();
+            tokio::spawn(async move {
+                let mut last_mtime = None;
+                let mut stalled_for = Duration::ZERO;
+                loop {
+                    tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
+                    let mtime = std::fs::metadata(&playlist).and_then(|m| m.modified()).ok();
+                    if mtime != last_mtime {
+                        last_mtime = mtime;
+                        stalled_for = Duration::ZERO;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    stalled_for += Duration::from_secs(1);
+                    if stalled_for >= PLAYLIST_STALL_TIMEOUT {
+                        tracing::warn!(
+                            "DLNA encode stalled: playlist unchanged for {}s",
+                            PLAYLIST_STALL_TIMEOUT.as_secs()
+                        );
+                        let _ = daemon_tx.send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation }).await;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            })
+        };
+
+        // Portal "stop sharing" / a real GStreamer error used to only log
+        // -- the bus watcher never told the daemon, so the UI stayed on
+        // Casting and the renderer kept looping stale segments. Notify.
+        {
+            let pipeline_watch = pipeline.clone();
+            let daemon_tx = daemon_tx.clone();
+            std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                match run_until_eos_or_error(&pipeline_watch) {
+                    Ok(outcome) => tracing::debug!(?outcome, "DLNA encode pipeline bus watcher ended"),
+                    Err(e) => tracing::error!(error = ?e, "DLNA encode pipeline error"),
+                }
+                let _ = daemon_tx.blocking_send(DaemonCommand::SessionEnded { generation });
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            pipeline,
+            session,
+            capture: Some(capture),
+            http,
+            output_dir,
+            poll_task,
+            stall_task,
+        })
     }
 
     /// Tears down the session: stops polling, tells the renderer to stop,
-    /// stops the encode pipeline, and closes the portal capture session.
+    /// stops the encode pipeline, shuts the HLS server, closes the portal
+    /// capture session, and deletes the recording directory.
     pub async fn stop(mut self) {
         // A request, not a wait -- if the poll task is mid-poll and sends
         // one more `SessionEnded` right as this races it, that's harmless:
         // `daemon.rs`'s handler already no-ops when `active_session` was
         // already cleared by this explicit stop.
         self.poll_task.abort();
+        self.stall_task.abort();
 
         if let Err(e) = self.session.stop().await {
             tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "failed to cleanly stop the DLNA session");
@@ -136,10 +227,45 @@ impl DlnaMirrorSession {
         if let Err(e) = self.pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null) {
             tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "failed to stop the encode pipeline cleanly");
         }
+        self.http.shutdown();
         if let Some(capture) = self.capture.take() {
-            if let Err(e) = capture.close().await {
+            match tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), capture.close()).await {
-                tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "failed to cleanly close the portal capture session");
+                Ok(Err(e)) => tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "failed to cleanly close the portal capture session"),
+                Err(_) => tracing::warn!("portal capture session did not close within 5s -- abandoning it"),
+                Ok(Ok(())) => {}
             }
         }
+        if let Err(e) = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&self.output_dir) {
+            tracing::debug!(error = %e, dir = %self.output_dir.display(), "failed to remove HLS output dir");
+        }
     }
 }
+
+async fn abort_partial(
+    pipeline: &gst::Pipeline,
+    capture: CaptureSession,
+    http: Option<HttpServer>,
+    output_dir: &std::path::Path,
+) {
+    let _ = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null);
+    if let Some(mut http) = http {
+        http.shutdown();
+    }
+    match tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(5), capture.close()).await {
+        Ok(Err(e)) => tracing::warn!(error = ?e, "failed to close portal capture after a failed DLNA start"),
+        Err(_) => tracing::warn!("portal capture did not close within 5s after a failed DLNA start"),
+        Ok(Ok(())) => {}
+    }
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(output_dir);
+}
+
+fn host_ip_from_url(url: &str) -> Option<std::net::IpAddr> {
+    let rest = url.split("://").nth(1)?;
+    let hostport = rest.split('/').next()?;
+    let host = if let Some(inside) = hostport.strip_prefix('[') {
+        inside.split(']').next()?
+    } else {
+        hostport.rsplit_once(':').map(|(h, _)| h).unwrap_or(hostport)
+    };
+    host.parse().ok()
+}

breadcastd/src/ipc.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 //! a time, but nothing here assumes that) can connect concurrently; each
 //! gets its own copy of every broadcast event.
 
+use std::os::unix::fs::DirBuilderExt;
+
 use anyhow::{Context, Result};
 use breadcast_core::ipc::{ClientRequest, ServerMessage, socket_path};
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -31,7 +33,13 @@ use crate::daemon::DaemonCommand;
 pub async fn serve(daemon_tx: mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand>, events_tx: broadcast::Sender<ServerMessage>) -> Result<()> {
     let socket_path = socket_path()?;
     if let Some(parent) = socket_path.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent)
+        // 0700 even if umask is loose -- this directory holds the control
+        // socket, and XDG_RUNTIME_DIR itself is 0700 but a recreate after
+        // a wiped runtime dir should not inherit a world-readable mode.
+        std::fs::DirBuilder::new()
+            .recursive(true)
+            .mode(0o700)
+            .create(parent)
             .with_context(|| format!("failed to create socket dir {}", parent.display()))?;
     }
     // A stale socket file from an unclean previous exit makes bind() fail
@@ -45,7 +53,18 @@ pub async fn serve(daemon_tx: mpsc::Sender<DaemonCommand>, events_tx: broadcast:
     tracing::info!(path = %socket_path.display(), "IPC socket listening");
 
     loop {
-        let (stream, _addr) = listener.accept().await.context("failed to accept IPC connection")?;
+        let (stream, _addr) = match listener.accept().await {
+            Ok(accepted) => accepted,
+            Err(e) => {
+                // EMFILE / a single bad accept must not take the control
+                // socket down for the rest of the daemon's life -- discovery
+                // would keep running while every `breadcast` launch reports
+                // "isn't running".
+                tracing::warn!(error = %e, "IPC accept failed, retrying");
+                tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
         let daemon_tx = daemon_tx.clone();
         let events_rx = events_tx.subscribe();
         tokio::spawn(async move {
@@ -106,10 +125,14 @@ async fn handle_connection(
                 continue;
             }
         };
+        // Handle off the read loop so a long `start_cast` (portal picker)
+        // does not block `stop_cast` sitting in the same socket buffer.
+        let daemon_tx = daemon_tx.clone();
+        let writer_tx = writer_tx.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move {
             let response = handle_request(request, &daemon_tx).await;
-        if writer_tx.send(response).is_err() {
+            let _ = writer_tx.send(response);
-            break;
+        });
-        }
     }
 
     forward_task.abort();

contrib/breadcastd.service

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ PartOf=graphical-session.target
 
 [Service]
 Type=simple
-ExecStart=%h/.cargo/bin/breadcastd
+ExecStart=%h/.local/bin/breadcastd
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=2
 

vendor/rust_cast-0.21.0/PATCHES.md

@@ -22,11 +22,14 @@ channel claims the namespace.
 
 ## The patch
 
-`src/lib.rs`: added `CastDevice::send_message<M: Serialize>(&self, namespace,
+`src/lib.rs`: added `CastDevice::send_message(&self, namespace: &str,
-destination, message)`, built the same way `ReceiverChannel::broadcast_message()`
+destination: &str, message: &str)`, built the same way
-is internally, but with a caller-supplied `destination` instead of a
+`ReceiverChannel::broadcast_message()` is internally, but with a
-hardcoded `"*"`. See the doc comment on that method for the exact rationale
+caller-supplied `destination` instead of a hardcoded `"*"`. The payload is
-(marked "LOCAL PATCH (breadcast, not upstream)").
+a raw string (already-serialized JSON from the vendored openscreen C++),
+not a `Serialize` value -- a generic `M: Serialize` would double-encode
+the OFFER. See the doc comment on that method (marked "LOCAL PATCH
+(breadcast, not upstream)").
 
 ## Rolling the pin