bread/Documentation.md

Bread Documentation

Contents

• Overview
• API Stability & Versioning
• Getting started
• Your first module
• Run, reload, and watch
• Modules: install and manage
• Debugging tips
• Dictionary: Lua API
  • Workflows
  • Widgets
  • Bluetooth
• Dictionary: Built-in modules
• Dictionary: Event reference
• Namespaces
• Integrating a bread* app
• Dictionary: Runtime state schema
• Dictionary: IPC protocol

Overview

Bread is a reactive automation fabric for Linux desktops. The daemon (breadd) normalizes external signals into semantic events, maintains runtime state, and dispatches events to Lua modules that implement automation.

• Daemon (breadd) — long-running Rust process; source of truth for runtime state
• Lua runtime — dedicated thread inside the daemon; automation logic lives here
• CLI (bread) — talks to the daemon over a Unix socket

Adapters currently supported: Hyprland compositor IPC, Linux udev/netlink, UPower/sysfs power, rtnetlink/sysfs network, BlueZ Bluetooth, shell precmd/preexec hooks (terminal), git hooks + a dirty-state poller, project-root filesystem watches, systemd --user unit state, Podman container events, and SSH/remote session detection. Sibling bread* applications (breadclip, breadpad, and others across the BOS ecosystem) integrate through the same pipeline under a reserved bread.<app>.* namespace — see Namespaces.

If you are new to Bread, start with the quick walkthrough below, then jump to the full dictionary when you need exact API details.

API Stability & Versioning

The Lua API surface, the IPC method set, the event-name vocabulary, and the runtime-state schema documented in this file are collectively Bread Automation API v1. This is what "locking in the schema" means operationally:

• Additive-only within a major version. New bindings, new events, new state fields, and new optional IPC params may be added in a minor release. Existing binding signatures, event names, event data shapes, state field meanings, and IPC method contracts do not change or disappear within v1.
• Deprecation window. Anything slated for removal is marked Deprecated in this file for at least one minor release cycle and continues to function until the next major version (v2).
• Since markers. Additions made after the v1.0 baseline are marked inline with *Since: vX.Y*. Anything documented in this file without a marker is part of the v1.0 baseline.
• Version discovery. The current API version is returned as api_version in the health IPC response (see Dictionary: IPC protocol), so a client — the CLI, a Lua module, or a sibling bread* app — can assert compatibility at connect time rather than discovering a mismatch mid-session.

This matters because the moment sibling apps and community modules depend on this vocabulary, it becomes a contract that can break people. Treat this file, not README.md or CLAUDE.md, as the single source of truth — those files intentionally point back here rather than keeping their own copies, after a duplicated Lua API section in README.md was found to have already drifted from reality.

Getting started

1) Create a minimal config

• Daemon config: ~/.config/bread/breadd.toml (all values optional)
• Lua entry point: ~/.config/bread/init.lua
• Lua modules: ~/.config/bread/modules/

2) Minimal init.lua

bread.on("bread.system.startup", function(event)
    bread.profile.activate("default")
    bread.log("bread started on " .. bread.machine.name())
end)

3) Start the daemon

systemctl --user start breadd

# Or directly:
breadd

4) Check that it's running

bread ping
bread doctor

Your first module

Create a file at ~/.config/bread/modules/hello.lua. It is discovered and loaded automatically after init.lua.

local M = bread.module({ name = "hello", version = "0.1.0" })

function M.on_load()
    bread.log("hello from bread on " .. bread.machine.name())

    bread.on("bread.device.*", function(event)
        bread.log("device event: " .. event.event)
    end)
end

return M

Key rules:

• Every module must call bread.module exactly once at the top level.
• Register subscriptions inside M.on_load so they are cleaned up properly on hot reload.
• Use bread.log early to verify handlers are firing.

Run, reload, and watch

# Hot-reload the Lua runtime after editing config
bread reload

# Watch for file changes and reload automatically
bread reload --watch

If any module fails to load, bread reload prints the error with a full Lua stack trace. The daemon stays running — fix the file and reload again.

Modules: install and manage

Modules are Lua packages installed to ~/.config/bread/modules/. The CLI manages the install lifecycle.

Modules install from a local directory only. They run with full bread.exec() privileges and are not sandboxed; remote installation was removed so that reviewing third-party code stays an explicit, manual step. To use a module published on a git host, clone it yourself, review it, then install from the checkout.

# Clone and review, then install from the local checkout
git clone https://github.com/someuser/bread-wifi ~/src/bread-wifi
bread modules install ~/src/bread-wifi

# List installed modules and their daemon status
bread modules list

# Show full manifest for one module
bread modules info bread-wifi

# Remove a module
bread modules remove bread-wifi
bread modules remove bread-wifi --yes   # skip confirmation

Each installed module has a bread.module.toml manifest:

name = "wifi"
version = "1.0.0"
description = "WiFi management for Bread"
author = "someuser"
source = "/home/you/src/bread-wifi"
installed_at = "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"

Debugging tips

• Run bread events to see live normalized events.
• Run bread events --tree (Since: v1.5) to render events as a causality tree instead of a flat stream — events that a Lua handler emitted via bread.emit() in reaction to another event are nested underneath it, following the caused_by chain (see Dictionary: Event reference). Useful for untangling "why did this event fire" when several modules chain-react to each other.
• Run bread state to see full runtime state as JSON.
• Run bread doctor to check adapter and module health.
• Log event payloads with bread.log(tostring(event.data)).
• Use RUST_LOG=debug breadd for verbose daemon output.

---

Dictionary: Lua API

Every API is exposed through the bread global table.

Module declaration

Every module must call bread.module exactly once at the top level.

local M = bread.module({
    name    = "my.module",
    version = "0.1.0",
    after   = { "bread.devices" },   -- optional: load after this module
})

return M

If a module does not call bread.module, it fails to load and is marked as a load error.

Events

bread.on(pattern, fn) -> id

Subscribe to matching events. Returns a numeric subscription ID.

local id = bread.on("bread.device.*", function(event)
    -- event.event   → the full event name string
    -- event.data    → table of event-specific fields
    -- event.source  → adapter that produced it ("Udev", "Hyprland", etc.)
    bread.log(event.event)
end)

bread.once(pattern, fn) -> id

Subscribe once. The handler is removed after the first match.

bread.filter(pattern, fn, opts) -> id

Subscribe with a predicate. opts must contain a filter function:

bread.filter("bread.device.*", function(event)
    bread.exec("xset r rate 200 40")
end, {
    filter = function(event)
        return event.data and event.data.class == "keyboard"
    end,
})

bread.off(id)

Unsubscribe an event handler or state watch by ID.

bread.emit(event, data)

Emit a custom event into the system pipeline. Useful for cross-module communication. If called synchronously from inside a bread.on subscriber callback (i.e. in reaction to a matched event), the emitted event's caused_by (Since: v1.5) is set to the id of the event that triggered the callback, threading causality across chains of modules that react to each other — see Dictionary: Event reference.

bread.wait(pattern, opts) -> event | nil

Coroutine-only helper that suspends until a matching event arrives.

bread.spawn(function()
    local event = bread.wait("bread.device.dock.connected", { timeout = 5000 })
    if event then
        bread.log("dock arrived")
    end
end)

bread.spawn(fn)

Spawn a coroutine and surface errors if it fails. Required for using bread.wait.

bread.wait_any(patterns, opts) -> event | nil (Since: v1.2)

Coroutine-only. Like bread.wait, but resolves on the first of several patterns to match; returns nil after opts.timeout if none do.

bread.spawn(function()
    local event = bread.wait_any(
        { "bread.monitor.connected", "bread.hyprland.event" },
        { timeout = 5000 }
    )
    if event then
        bread.log("a monitor-related event arrived")
    end
end)

bread.wait_all(patterns, opts) -> table (Since: v1.2)

Coroutine-only. Resolves once every listed pattern has fired at least once, or opts.timeout elapses. Returns a table keyed by pattern → event; on timeout, the table additionally has timed_out = true and contains whichever patterns had already fired.

Workflows (Since: v1.2)

Multi-step automations built on bread.spawn/bread.wait (and wait_any/wait_all), with status introspectable from outside the running coroutine — via Lua (bread.workflow.status/.list) or over IPC (workflows.list). See Examples.md for a full worked example.

bread.workflow.define(name, fn)

Register a workflow body under name. fn receives one argument: whatever opts.args was passed to .start() (or nil).

bread.workflow.start(name, opts)

Run the workflow registered as name (spawned as a coroutine, same mechanics as bread.spawn). opts (optional):

Key	Type	Description
deadline	ms	If the workflow hasn't reached a terminal state by then, its status becomes timed_out. Independent of any per-wait timeout inside the body — a safety net for the whole run, not a replacement for step-level timeouts.
args	any	Passed through as the sole argument to the workflow body function.

Starting a workflow under a name that's already running replaces its registry entry — this is a live-status registry, not a run history.

bread.workflow.step(label)

Call from inside a running workflow body to record "currently here." Purely observational — it does not affect control flow. Errors if called outside a running workflow body.

bread.workflow.status(name) -> table | nil

Returns the current status for name, or nil if no workflow with that name has ever been started. Shape:

{
  "name": "dock-connected",
  "state": "running",
  "step": "waiting for monitor",
  "started_at": 1710000000000,
  "updated_at": 1710000001500,
  "error": null
}

state is one of running, done, failed, timed_out. error is set (the captured Lua error message) only when state is failed.

bread.workflow.list() -> table

Returns an array of every workflow's current status, in the same shape as bread.workflow.status.

Widgets (Since: v1.3)

Declarative, live-updating widgets rendered by sibling bread* apps (breadbar) in their own bar/popover free space. A widget is a small tree of typed nodes — box, label, icon, progress — not raw markup: this keeps rendering generic across every consuming app and keeps a node's appearance confined to a bounded, typed style vocabulary the renderer already knows about (see style below), with no style/CSS injection surface from Lua.

Widgets are registered per-module and are re-registered fresh on every hot reload (the whole registry is cleared right before the Lua VM resets, same as bread.module's per-reload re-execution) — call bread.widget.register at module top level or in on_load, not somewhere that only runs once ever.

bread.widget.register(spec) -> ok, err

Registers (or replaces, if spec.id already exists for this module) a widget. spec:

Key	Type	Description
id	string	Local id, unique within your module. Stored/addressed elsewhere as "<module>.<id>".
placement	string	One of tray, left_of_clock, right_of_clock, right_of_workspaces, left_of_stats — which fixed slot in the consuming app's layout this widget renders into.
order	number	Optional, default 0. Sort priority within a placement; lower sorts first.
visible	bool	Optional, default true.
tooltip	string	Optional.
root	node	The render tree (see Node types below).

Returns true on success, or false, err if root fails validation (tree too deep, too many nodes, or an invalid class), root contains a style field with a value outside its enum (a deserialization error, reported the same way), or bread.widget.register was called outside a module.

Node types

Every node accepts an optional style (a bounded, typed vocabulary — see below; this is the primary way to control a node's appearance), an optional class (a small freeform escape hatch, see Style vs. class below), and an optional on_click (any Lua value, passed through opaquely — see Click events below).

type	Fields
box	orientation ("horizontal" | "vertical", default horizontal), spacing, children (array of nodes)
label	text
icon	name (bundled icon) or path (arbitrary SVG file) — exactly one; size
progress	value (0.0–1.0)

A tree is capped at depth 4 (root counts as depth 1) and 50 total nodes — comfortably enough for a status readout, not enough to build a full custom UI.

bread.widget.register({
    id = "weather",
    placement = "left_of_stats",
    tooltip = "Sydney: Partly cloudy",
    root = {
        type = "box",
        children = {
            { type = "icon", name = "cloud" },
            { type = "label", text = "22°C", style = { color = "dim" }, on_click = "refresh" },
        },
    },
})

style (Since: v1.4)

style is a bounded, typed vocabulary for a node's appearance — every field is a small closed enum, not a string, so a typo is a bread.widget.register validation failure at registration time, not a silently-ignored CSS class. There is deliberately no raw CSS/style-string field anywhere in this API: a module can only ever pick from the fixed set below, never inject arbitrary style.

Field	Type	Values
color	string	fg, dim (muted foreground), accent, red, green, yellow, blue, pink, teal
weight	string	normal, bold
size	string	xs, sm, md, lg, xl — text size in px (10/12/14/16/20); sm/md match the bread design system's own secondary/base font sizes
align	string	start, center, end
background	string	none, surface, card (surface + rounded corners + padding)
radius	string	none, sm, md, full (pill)
padding	string	none, xs, sm, md

Every field is optional and independent — set only what you need. Colors, font sizes, radii, and padding all reuse the exact same palette, font, and spacing scale every other bread* GUI (breadbar, bos-settings, breadpad, ...) is themed from, so a widget recolors with the rest of the desktop when pywal's palette changes instead of drifting out of sync.

{ type = "label", text = "LOW BATTERY", style = { color = "yellow", weight = "bold" } }

Style vs. class

class still exists as an escape hatch for a CSS class the consuming app's own stylesheet happens to define (restricted to ^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]{0,63}$) — useful if you're targeting a specific app you know the internals of, but undiscoverable and app-specific otherwise. As of this writing, breadbar's stylesheet only gives real meaning to dim this way (fades a node to 60% opacity) — everything else a module needs (color, weight, size, alignment, background, radius, padding) should go through style instead, which every renderer is expected to understand identically.

bread.widget.update(id, patch) -> ok, err

Patches an already-registered widget (local id, not the fully-qualified form). Any of root, tooltip, visible, order may be given; omitted fields are left as-is. root, when given, replaces the whole tree — there is no node-level patching. Returns false, "no such widget" if id isn't registered.

bread.widget.update("weather", {
    root = { type = "box", children = { { type = "label", text = "23°C" } } },
})

bread.widget.remove(id) -> bool

Removes a widget registered by the calling module. Returns whether anything was removed.

bread.widget.list() -> table

Returns an array of every widget the calling module currently has registered.

Click events

A clicked node's on_click value doesn't travel back through breadd directly — the rendering app (breadbar) emits bread.bar.widget_clicked with { widget_id, action } (action being whatever you put in on_click), because a rendering app may only publish inside its own bread.<app_id>.* namespace (see Namespaces). React to it like any other event, filtering on widget_id:

bread.on("bread.bar.widget_clicked", function(e)
    if e.data.widget_id == "weather.weather" then
        -- e.data.action == "refresh"
    end
end)

State

bread.state.get(path)

Read a state subtree by dotted path.

local monitors = bread.state.get("monitors")
local online   = bread.state.get("network.online")

Typed shorthands

bread.state.monitors()
bread.state.active_workspace()
bread.state.active_window()
bread.state.devices()
bread.state.power()
bread.state.network()
bread.state.profile()

bread.state.watch(path, fn) -> id

Watch a state path for changes. The callback receives (new_value, old_value).

bread.state.watch("power.ac_connected", function(new_val, old_val)
    if new_val then
        bread.notify("AC connected")
    end
end)

Profiles

bread.profile.activate(name)

Activate a named profile. Emits bread.profile.activated over IPC.

Execution

bread.exec(cmd)

Run a shell command. Fire-and-forget (async, does not block Lua).

bread.exec_capture(cmd, opts) -> ok, stdout

Run a shell command and return its result: ok is whether it exited zero, stdout is its captured standard output. Unlike bread.exec, this blocks the calling Lua callback until the command exits (or the timeout below elapses), so it's only appropriate for fast, local commands — e.g. git -C <dir> rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD, not anything that hits the network or waits on user input.

local ok, branch = bread.exec_capture("git -C " .. dir .. " rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD")
if ok then
    branch = branch:gsub("%s+$", "")  -- trailing newline
end

Options:

Key	Type	Default
timeout_ms	number	2000

On timeout or spawn failure, returns false, "".

Notifications

bread.notify(message, opts)

Send a desktop notification via notify-send.

Options:

Key	Type	Default
title	string	"bread"
urgency	string	from config
timeout	ms	from config
icon	string	none

Calling bread.notify emits bread.notify.sent with { title, message, urgency }.

Timers

bread.after(delay_ms, fn) -> id

Run once after a delay.

bread.every(interval_ms, fn) -> id

Run on a repeating interval.

bread.cancel(id)

Cancel a timer created by after or every. Timers are also cancelled automatically on reload.

Utilities

bread.debounce(delay_ms, fn) -> wrapped_fn

Returns a wrapper that fires only after delay_ms of quiet time.

local fn = bread.debounce(200, function(event)
    reconfigure_monitors()
end)
bread.on("bread.monitor.**", fn)

bread.log(msg) / bread.warn(msg) / bread.error(msg)

Logging helpers. Accept any Lua value (coerced via tostring).

Machine and filesystem

bread.machine.name() -> string

Returns the system hostname. If an external tool has written a ~/.config/bread/sync.toml with a [machine].name, that value takes precedence (bread reads the file if present but does not create it).

bread.machine.tags() -> string[]

Returns [machine].tags from ~/.config/bread/sync.toml if that file exists, otherwise {}.

bread.machine.has_tag(tag) -> bool

Returns true if the machine has the given tag.

bread.fs.write(path, content)

Write a file. Creates parent directories as needed. ~ is expanded.

bread.fs.read(path) -> string | nil

Read a file. Returns nil if the file does not exist. ~ is expanded.

bread.fs.exists(path) -> bool

Returns true if the path exists. ~ is expanded.

bread.fs.readlink(path) -> string | nil

Read a symlink's target. Returns nil if the path doesn't exist or isn't a symlink. Distinct from bread.fs.read, which opens and reads file contents — for something like /proc/<pid>/cwd, the payload is the link target itself, not a file to read.

bread.fs.expand(path) -> string

Expand ~ to the home directory.

bread.json.decode(str) -> table | nil

Parse a JSON string into a Lua table. Returns nil on malformed input. Pairs naturally with bread.exec_capture for consuming JSON output from a CLI (e.g. kitty @ ls).

Hyprland

The bread.hyprland namespace provides compositor bindings.

-- Dispatch a Hyprland command
bread.hyprland.dispatch("workspace", "2")
bread.hyprland.dispatch("exec", "kitty")

-- Set a keyword
bread.hyprland.keyword("monitor", "HDMI-A-1, 2560x1440, 0x0, 1")

-- Query compositor state (returns deserialized Lua tables)
local win        = bread.hyprland.active_window()
local monitors   = bread.hyprland.monitors()
local workspaces = bread.hyprland.workspaces()
local clients    = bread.hyprland.clients()

-- Subscribe to raw Hyprland events (bypasses normalization)
bread.hyprland.on_raw("activewindow", function(raw)
    -- raw payload includes: kind, raw (original string), data
end)

Bluetooth

The bread.bluetooth namespace provides control over the local Bluetooth adapter and its paired devices via BlueZ D-Bus. All functions degrade gracefully when BlueZ is unavailable — control functions log a warning and return nil, query functions return nil.

bread.bluetooth.power(enabled)

Power the Bluetooth adapter on (true) or off (false). Fire-and-forget.

bread.bluetooth.powered() -> bool | nil

Returns the current power state of the adapter, or nil if unavailable.

if bread.bluetooth.powered() then
    bread.log("Bluetooth is on")
end

bread.bluetooth.connect(address)

Connect to a paired device by MAC address. Fire-and-forget — the result is delivered as a bread.device.connected event when the connection succeeds.

bread.bluetooth.connect("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF")

bread.bluetooth.disconnect(address)

Disconnect from a device by MAC address. Fire-and-forget — delivered as bread.device.disconnected.

bread.bluetooth.scan(enabled)

Start (true) or stop (false) device discovery.

bread.bluetooth.devices() -> table | nil

Returns all devices known to BlueZ as an array of tables. Returns nil if BlueZ is unavailable.

local devs = bread.bluetooth.devices()
if devs then
    for _, dev in ipairs(devs) do
        bread.log(dev.name .. " " .. dev.address
            .. (dev.connected and " [connected]" or ""))
    end
end

Each device table:

Field	Type	Description
address	string	Bluetooth MAC address, e.g. "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF"
name	string	Device name from BlueZ (Alias or Name property)
connected	bool	Whether the device is currently connected
paired	bool	Whether the device is paired

Example: auto-connect headphones on AC power

local M = bread.module({ name = "headphones", version = "1.0.0" })
local HEADPHONES = "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF"

function M.on_load()
    bread.state.watch("power.ac_connected", function(ac)
        if ac then
            bread.bluetooth.power(true)
            bread.bluetooth.connect(HEADPHONES)
        end
    end)
end

return M

Example: turn off Bluetooth on battery

bread.state.watch("power.ac_connected", function(ac)
    bread.bluetooth.power(ac)
end)

Module lifecycle hooks

All hooks are optional.

function M.on_load()
    -- Called after the module loads. Register subscriptions here.
end

function M.on_reload()
    -- Called after a hot reload completes across all modules.
end

function M.on_unload()
    -- Called before the Lua instance is dropped.
end

function M.on_error(err)
    -- Called when a subscription handler in this module throws.
    -- Return true to keep the subscription alive, false to cancel it.
    return true
end

Module storage

Survives hot reload; does not survive daemon restart.

M.store.set("last_profile", "docked")
local value = M.store.get("last_profile")

Storage is scoped per module and is not shared across modules.

---

Dictionary: Built-in modules

Built-ins are loaded before user modules. Disable them via [modules].disable in the daemon config.

bread.monitors

High-level declarative monitor event handlers.

local monitors = require("bread.monitors")

monitors.layout("dock", function()
    bread.exec("~/.config/bread/scripts/layout-dock.sh")
end)

monitors.on({
    when     = "connected",
    monitors = { "HDMI-A-1" },
    run      = monitors.apply("dock"),
})

Function	Description
M.on(opts)	Register a monitor workflow. opts: when, monitors (optional list), run (function or shell string)
M.layout(name, fn)	Register a named layout function
M.apply(name) -> fn	Returns a function that calls the named layout

when is one of connected, disconnected, changed.

bread.devices

Device connection rules with name-based matching. This module handles hardware hotplug events from USB devices, monitors, and other peripherals.

Device names are defined in ~/.config/bread/devices.lua — the daemon resolves the name before dispatching events, so modules can match on stable user-defined names rather than raw hardware identifiers.

local devices = require("bread.devices")

devices.on({
    when   = "connected",
    device = "keyboard",
    run    = function(event)
        bread.exec("xset r rate 200 40")
    end,
})

devices.on({
    when   = "connected",
    device = "dock",
    run    = "~/.config/bread/scripts/dock-connected.sh"
})

devices.on({
    when = "disconnected",
    name = "CalDigit",  -- pattern-matched against event.data.name
    run  = function(event)
        bread.log("Dock disconnected: " .. event.data.name)
    end,
})

Functions

Function	Description
M.on(opts)	Register a device rule. See options below.

Device rule options

devices.on({
    when   = "connected",              -- required: "connected" or "disconnected"
    device = "keyboard",              -- optional: device name from devices.lua
    name   = "Keychron",             -- optional: substring matched against device name
    run    = function(event) ... end  -- required: function or shell string
})

• when (required): One of connected or disconnected.
• device (optional): Device name as defined in devices.lua. If specified, the rule only fires for devices with that name.
• name (optional): Pattern that must be found in event.data.name (case-insensitive substring). Can be combined with device (both must match).
• run (required): Function or shell string to run when the rule matches.

The callback receives the full device event:

{
  event = "bread.device.dock.connected",
  data = {
    id = "/sys/...",
    device = "dock",       -- name resolved from devices.lua
    name = "CalDigit TS4", -- raw device name from udev
    subsystem = "usb",
    vendor_id = "0x35f5",
    product_id = "0x0104",
    raw = { ... }          -- full udev properties
  }
}

Example: Keyboard configuration on connect

devices.on({
    when   = "connected",
    device = "keyboard",
    run    = function(event)
        bread.log("Keyboard connected: " .. event.data.name)
        bread.exec("xset r rate 200 40")
    end,
})

Example: Dock-specific setup

-- devices.lua defines: { device = "dock", vendor_id = "35f5" }

devices.on({
    when   = "connected",
    device = "dock",
    run    = function(event)
        bread.log("Dock connected")
        bread.exec("~/.config/bread/scripts/dock-connected.sh")
    end,
})

devices.on({
    when   = "disconnected",
    device = "dock",
    run    = function(event)
        bread.log("Dock disconnected")
        bread.exec("~/.config/bread/scripts/dock-disconnected.sh")
    end,
})

bread.workspaces

Workspace-to-monitor assignment and app pinning.

local workspaces = require("bread.workspaces")

workspaces.assign("1", "HDMI-A-1")
workspaces.pin({ app = "Firefox", workspace = "2" })

Function	Description
M.assign(workspace, monitor)	Assign a workspace to a monitor
M.pin(opts)	Pin an app class to a workspace. opts: app, workspace
M.apply_assignments()	Apply all registered assignments via Hyprland dispatch

bread.binds

Runtime keybind management via Hyprland.

local binds = require("bread.binds")

binds.add({
    mods     = { "SUPER" },
    key      = "Return",
    dispatch = "exec",
    args     = "kitty",
})

Function	Description
M.add(opts)	Add a keybind. opts: mods, key, dispatch, args
M.remove(key)	Remove a keybind by key
M.replace(key, opts)	Remove and re-add a keybind

---

Dictionary: Event reference

Events are delivered as a BreadEvent:

{
  "event": "bread.device.dock.connected",
  "timestamp": 1710000000000,
  "source": "Udev",
  "data": {},
  "id": "b3f2c9a0-4e6d-4b8a-9c1e-7a2f5d8e0c11",
  "caused_by": null
}

• id (Since: v1.5) — a unique id assigned to this specific event instance at construction. Every BreadEvent, regardless of origin (adapter-normalized, IPC emit, Lua bread.emit(), or a daemon-internal send like bread.system.startup), gets one.
• caused_by (Since: v1.5) — the id of the event whose Lua subscriber handler emitted this event via bread.emit(), or null if this event did not originate from inside a running handler (adapter events, IPC emit, daemon-internal sends). This lets you reconstruct causality chains across modules that react to each other's events: if module A's handler for event X calls bread.emit("Y", ...), then Y's caused_by is X's id. See bread events --tree below for a rendering of these chains.

Pattern matching

Pattern	Matches
bread.device.dock.connected	Exact match only
bread.device.*	One segment wildcard (does not cross .)
bread.device.**	Any depth under bread.device
bread.monitor.?	Single character within one segment

Normalized events

System

Event	Data
bread.system.startup	{}

Devices (udev / Bluetooth)

Event	Data
bread.device.connected	{ id, device, name, vendor, vendor_id, product_id, subsystem, raw }
bread.device.disconnected	same
bread.device.<device>.connected	{ id, device }
bread.device.<device>.disconnected	{ id, device }

device is the name resolved from ~/.config/bread/devices.lua. Devices that match no rule use "unknown". The generic bread.device.connected event carries the full payload including raw udev properties; the named companion event carries only id and device.

Both USB/udev devices and Bluetooth devices emit bread.device.connected / bread.device.disconnected. They can be distinguished by event.data.subsystem:

subsystem	Source	Unique identifier field
"usb", "input", etc.	udev	vendor_id + product_id
"bluetooth"	BlueZ	address (MAC address)

Bluetooth (BlueZ)

Event	Data
bread.device.connected	{ id, device, name, address, subsystem: "bluetooth", raw }
bread.device.disconnected	same
bread.bluetooth.device.paired	{ id, name, address, subsystem: "bluetooth", raw }
bread.bluetooth.device.unpaired	{ id, address, subsystem: "bluetooth", raw }

bread.bluetooth.device.paired fires when BlueZ first learns about a device (new pairing or adapter restart). It does not mean the device is connected. bread.device.connected fires when the device profile actually connects.

name may be "unknown" on bread.device.connected events emitted from PropertiesChanged signals, since BlueZ only includes changed properties. It is always populated on bread.bluetooth.device.paired and on events from the initial enumeration at startup.

Hyprland

Since: v1.5 — the bread.hyprland.* namespaced forms below. Bread's event vocabulary is meant to be portable across a future second compositor backend; a flat bread.workspace.*/bread.monitor.*/bread.window.* name gave no way to tell a genuinely cross-backend event (like bread.power.*) apart from one that is Hyprland-specific. The 10 rows marked Deprecated: v1.5 are unaffected functionally — they keep firing — but new automation should subscribe to their bread.hyprland.* sibling instead.

Every Hyprland-sourced event below is dual-emitted: the daemon fires both the legacy flat name and its bread.hyprland.<rest> equivalent with identical data/timestamp/source, unless [compat] legacy_hyprland_event_names = false is set (see below), in which case only the namespaced name fires. A module that subscribes only to bread.hyprland.* always gets full workspace/monitor/window coverage regardless of that setting.

Event	Data
bread.workspace.changed (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.workspace.changed)	raw payload
bread.hyprland.workspace.changed (Since: v1.5)	raw payload
bread.workspace.created (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.workspace.created)	{ workspace }
bread.hyprland.workspace.created (Since: v1.5)	{ workspace }
bread.workspace.destroyed (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.workspace.destroyed)	{ workspace }
bread.hyprland.workspace.destroyed (Since: v1.5)	{ workspace }
bread.monitor.connected (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.monitor.connected)	raw payload
bread.hyprland.monitor.connected (Since: v1.5)	raw payload
bread.monitor.disconnected (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.monitor.disconnected)	raw payload
bread.hyprland.monitor.disconnected (Since: v1.5)	raw payload
bread.window.focus.changed (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.window.focus.changed)	raw payload
bread.hyprland.window.focus.changed (Since: v1.5)	raw payload
bread.window.focused (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.window.focused)	{ address }
bread.hyprland.window.focused (Since: v1.5)	{ address }
bread.window.opened (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.window.opened)	{ address, workspace, class, title }
bread.hyprland.window.opened (Since: v1.5)	{ address, workspace, class, title }
bread.window.closed (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.window.closed)	{ address }
bread.hyprland.window.closed (Since: v1.5)	{ address }
bread.window.moved (Deprecated: v1.5 — use bread.hyprland.window.moved)	{ address, workspace }
bread.hyprland.window.moved (Since: v1.5)	{ address, workspace }
bread.hyprland.event	{ kind, raw, data } (unhandled kinds — already namespaced, not part of this migration)

Compatibility: [compat] config

[compat]
legacy_hyprland_event_names = true   # default during the deprecation window

Set to false to suppress the 10 legacy flat names above and emit only their bread.hyprland.* equivalents. This defaults to true for now; per the API Stability & Versioning deprecation-window policy, the default will flip to false in a later release once the window closes. Removing the legacy names entirely is a further, separate follow-up — see the note in DEPRECATIONS.md.

Power

Event	Data
bread.power.ac.connected	{ ac_connected, battery_percent }
bread.power.ac.disconnected	{ ac_connected, battery_percent }
bread.power.battery.low	{ battery_percent }
bread.power.battery.very_low	{ battery_percent }
bread.power.battery.critical	{ battery_percent }
bread.power.battery.full	{ battery_percent }
bread.power.changed	{ ac_connected, battery_percent }

Network

Event	Data
bread.network.connected	{ online, interfaces }
bread.network.disconnected	{ online, interfaces }

System events

Event	Data
bread.profile.activated	{ name }
bread.notify.sent	{ title, message, urgency }
bread.state.changed.<path>	emitted by state watches

Widgets (Since: v1.3)

Emitted by breadd itself on every bread.widget.* mutation — see Widgets. data is the full WidgetSpec for registered/updated; just { id } for removed.

Event	Data
bread.widget.registered	{ id, module, placement, order, visible, tooltip, root, updated_at }
bread.widget.updated	same shape as registered
bread.widget.removed	{ id }
bread.widget.cleared	{} — fired once at the end of every module reload (bread reload), whether or not the widget set actually changed. The registry itself is wiped and re-populated as modules re-run; this is a "go re-fetch" signal for consumers that only react to bread.widget.* events, so a module that stops registering widgets (e.g. gets disabled) is noticed even though nothing else fires.

Terminal (shell precmd/preexec hooks)

Requires bread hooks install shell and sourcing the generated script from your shell rc — see the CLI reference. Fires via the bread-emit helper, not the daemon reaching out.

Event	Data
bread.terminal.command.started	{ cmd, cwd }
bread.terminal.command.finished	{ cmd, cwd, exit_code, duration_ms }
bread.terminal.cwd.changed	{ cwd, prev_cwd }

Terminal events are exempt from the daemon's event dedup window (running the same command twice in quick succession is legitimate, not noise).

Git (hooks + dirty-state poller)

bread.git.commit.created/bread.git.branch.changed come from git hooks installed via bread hooks install git (current repo only; never overwrites an existing hook). bread.git.state.*/bread.git.ahead_behind.changed come from an in-daemon poller over configured project roots ([adapters.git] roots = [...] in breadd.toml) and never fire for the same transition a hook already reported.

Event	Data
bread.git.commit.created	{ repo, sha, branch, message }
bread.git.branch.changed	{ repo, branch, previous_ref }
bread.git.state.dirty	{ repo }
bread.git.state.clean	{ repo }
bread.git.ahead_behind.changed	{ repo, ahead, behind, branch }

Filesystem / project detection

Scoped to configured project roots ([adapters.filesystem] roots = [...]), not the whole filesystem. .git/node_modules are always silent; target/dist/build are silent for edits but reported on new-file creation as build_artifact.created.

Event	Data
bread.project.detected	{ root, markers } (markers: any of .git, Cargo.toml, package.json, go.mod)
bread.project.file.changed	{ path, project_root }
bread.project.build_artifact.created	{ path, project_root }

Systemd (systemd --user units)

Only units named in [adapters.systemd] units = [...] are watched — subscribing to every user unit is noisy.

Event	Data
bread.service.started	{ unit }
bread.service.stopped	{ unit }
bread.service.failed	{ unit, result } (result may be null)

Podman (containers)

Degrades to simply not emitting if the podman binary isn't installed — no daemon startup dependency on it.

Event	Data
bread.container.started	{ id, name, image }
bread.container.stopped	{ id, name }
bread.container.health.changed	{ id, name, health }

Remote (SSH session detection)

Rides the same shell-hook transport as Terminal events (bread hooks install shell).

Event	Data
bread.remote.session.started	{ host }
bread.remote.session.ended	{ host }

---

Namespaces

Since: v1.1 — the AdapterSource::App variant and the known-apps registry (bread_shared::apps::KNOWN_APPS). No sibling app emits through this path yet as of this writing except the breadclip pilot (see its own EVENTS.md once that lands); the daemon-side plumbing and the convention itself are what v1.1 adds.

Since: v1.3 — breadbar is now an active bread-client consumer under the bar app id (already present in KNOWN_APPS): it emits bread.bar.widget_clicked for widget clicks (see Widgets) and reads bread.widget.* to render the Dictionary: Runtime state schema's widgets field.

Two dotted-name segments are reserved, permanent parts of the schema — not one-off conventions:

• bread.<app>.* — inbound events published by a sibling bread* application about its own state (e.g. bread.clip.copied). An app may only publish within its own segment; the daemon enforces this at the IPC boundary (a socket client claiming a source of an app id it doesn't own is rejected the same way spoofing power/hyprland is rejected today).
• bread.command.<app>.<verb> — outbound commands to a sibling application (e.g. bread.command.clip.clear). Any module or app may publish; only the target app subscribes. This reuses the existing event bus in both directions — there is no separate request/response protocol.
• The second dotted segment is drawn from a small known-apps registry (bread_shared::apps::KNOWN_APPS); daemon-internal domains (terminal, git, hyprland, device, power, network, bluetooth, workspace, window, monitor, service, container, project, remote, system, profile, notify, command, workflow) are reserved and cannot be claimed as app ids. Since: v1.5 — bluetooth, workspace, window, and monitor added to this list (event families the Bluetooth and Hyprland adapters already published under, but that were missing from it); this same list is now also the boundary the IPC emit method's no-source path checks event names against, see Dictionary: IPC protocol.
• Commands are best-effort. Publishing bread.command.<app>.<verb> with no subscriber (the app isn't installed or isn't running) is a silent no-op — there is nothing to special-case, and no error is raised. An app that acts on a command should emit a corresponding bread.<app>.<verb>.done (or .failed) confirmation; a module that needs to know a command was actually honored must bread.wait/bread.wait_any on that confirmation with a timeout rather than assume success. There is no mandatory request/response correlation layer — most commands are legitimately fire-and-forget, and building one would contradict the "no listener, no-op" degradation property.
• bread.exec("<cli> ...") remains the zero-infrastructure fallback for triggering a sibling app that has a synchronous CLI and no need for a structured response.

---

Integrating a bread* app

This is the checklist for adding a new sibling bread* application to the fabric — it's deliberately short, because the whole design goal of the name-based app registry (over one AdapterSource enum variant per app) is that this never requires a daemon change beyond step 1. breadclip is the reference implementation — see its own EVENTS.md for a worked example of every step below.

1. Register your app id. Add it to KNOWN_APPS in bread-shared/src/lib.rs (a one-line, one-word-per-app list) — this is the only change to the bread repo itself a new integration needs.
2. Depend on bread-utils with the bread-client feature. In your app's daemon (the long-running piece, if you have one — a short-lived CLI tool can use bread-emit instead, see below), add bread-utils = { ..., features = ["bread-client"] } and use bread_utils::bread_client::BreadClient:
   • BreadClient::connect(app_id) — cheap, cannot fail (there is no persistent connection to fail at construction time).
   • client.emit(event, data) — publish within your own bread.<app_id>.* namespace. Each call is its own short-lived connection (fire-and-forget, like bread-emit) — safe to call from a short-lived per-event process invocation, not just from inside a long-running loop.
   • client.subscribe("bread.command.<app_id>.**", |event| { ... }) — receive commands addressed to you, on a background thread with its own reconnect/backoff loop.
3. If you don't have a persistent daemon at all (just a CLI tool invoked occasionally), skip bread-client entirely and shell out to bread-emit instead (see bread-emit's own --help) — it's built for exactly that case (occasional callers that can't justify holding a socket open).
4. Emit confirmations for commands you honor. bread.<app_id>.<verb>.done or .failed after acting on a bread.command.<app_id>.<verb> — optional, but it's what lets a Lua workflow bread.wait/bread.wait_any for the real outcome instead of assuming success the moment it publishes a command.
5. Write an EVENTS.md in your app's own repo cataloguing every event you publish and every command verb you honor, with data shapes — the per-app companion to this file. Be honest about what's not implemented yet rather than stubbing a verb that does nothing (see breadclip's EVENTS.md for how it documents pin/select as deliberately deferred, not silently dropped).
6. Make it opt-out, not opt-in-only, and fail silent. Your app should work exactly the same whether breadd is installed or not — connecting/emitting/subscribing must never block, error, or crash your app just because the daemon is absent. BreadClient is built this way already (dropped no-op on a failed emit, transparent reconnect on subscribe); if you roll your own transport instead, keep that property.

---

Dictionary: Runtime state schema

bread state and bread.state.get("") return the full RuntimeState:

{
  "monitors": [
    { "name": "HDMI-A-1", "connected": true, "resolution": null, "position": null }
  ],
  "workspaces": [
    { "id": "1", "monitor": "HDMI-A-1" }
  ],
  "active_workspace": "1",
  "active_window": "0x...",
  "devices": {
    "connected": [
      {
        "id": "/sys/...",
        "name": "CalDigit TS4",
        "device": "dock",
        "subsystem": "usb",
        "vendor_id": "0x35f5",
        "product_id": "0x0104"
      }
    ]
  },
  "network": {
    "interfaces": { "eth0": { "up": true } },
    "online": true
  },
  "power": {
    "ac_connected": true,
    "battery_percent": 87,
    "battery_low": false
  },
  "profile": {
    "active": "default",
    "history": [],
    "profiles": {}
  },
  "modules": [
    {
      "name": "bread.monitors",
      "status": "loaded",
      "last_error": null,
      "builtin": true,
      "store": {}
    }
  ],
  "workflows": [
    {
      "name": "dock-connected",
      "state": "running",
      "step": "waiting for monitor",
      "started_at": 1710000000000,
      "updated_at": 1710000001500,
      "error": null
    }
  ],
  "widgets": [
    {
      "id": "weather.weather",
      "module": "weather",
      "placement": "left_of_stats",
      "order": 0,
      "visible": true,
      "tooltip": "Sydney: Partly cloudy",
      "root": {
        "type": "box",
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "children": [
          { "type": "icon", "name": "cloud" },
          { "type": "label", "text": "22°C" }
        ]
      },
      "updated_at": 1710000001500
    }
  ]
}

modules[].status values: loaded, load_error, not_found, degraded, disabled. workflows[].state values: running, done, failed, timed_out (Since: v1.2 — see Workflows). widgets[].placement values: tray, left_of_clock, right_of_clock, right_of_workspaces, left_of_stats (Since: v1.3 — see Widgets).

---

Dictionary: IPC protocol

The daemon exposes a Unix socket at $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/bread/breadd.sock. Messages are newline-delimited JSON.

Request:

{ "id": "1", "method": "state.get", "params": { "key": "monitors" } }

Response:

{ "id": "1", "result": [ { "name": "HDMI-A-1", "connected": true } ] }

Available methods:

Method	Params	Description
ping	—	Connectivity check
health	—	Version, uptime, PID, adapter status, api_version
state.get	key (dotted path)	Read a value from RuntimeState
state.dump	—	Return the full RuntimeState as JSON
modules.list	—	List all loaded modules and their status
modules.reload	—	Hot-reload the Lua runtime
profile.list	—	List defined profiles
profile.activate	name	Switch active profile
events.subscribe	—	Upgrade to streaming mode; pushes events line by line
events.replay	since_ms	Replay buffered events from the last N ms
emit	event, data, optional source, kind	Inject an event. Without source, builds a BreadEvent directly, tagged Manual (Since: v1.5 — previously tagged System; see below), for manually testing Lua handlers (this is what bread emit <event> and bread-emit use). With source set to terminal/git/remote, or a registered sibling-app id (see Namespaces), builds a real RawEvent (requires kind too) that goes through the normalizer like any adapter. Any other source value is rejected — this is the anti-spoofing boundary that stops a socket client from forging e.g. power/hyprland events.
workflows.list	—	List running/completed workflow instances and their step/status (Since: v1.2)
widgets.list	—	List all registered widgets across every module (Since: v1.3)

The health response's api_version field lets a client — the CLI, a Lua module via bread.exec, or a bread-client-linked sibling app — assert compatibility with this document's versioned schema at connect time (see API Stability & Versioning).

Since: v1.5 — emit without source closed a spoofing gap: previously any event name was accepted with zero validation and tagged System, the same tag the daemon uses internally for events it originates itself in Rust code (bread.system.startup, bread.profile.activated, ...). That made a manually-injected event indistinguishable from a trusted, daemon-originated one. Now:

• The unsourced path is tagged AdapterSource::Manual, not System — System is reserved for the daemon's own Rust-originated sends and can no longer be produced from data that arrived over the IPC socket.
• The event name is rejected if its top-level dotted segment (the part right after bread.) is one of the reserved, adapter-owned domains in bread_shared::apps::RESERVED_DOMAINS — terminal, git, hyprland, device, power, network, bluetooth, workspace, window, monitor, service, container, project, remote, system, profile, notify, command, workflow (see Namespaces) — since a socket client emitting e.g. bread.power.ac.connected this way would otherwise be indistinguishable from the real power adapter observing it.
• Freely-named custom/test event names (anything outside those reserved domains, including names with no bread. prefix at all) remain unrestricted — this is what keeps bread emit <name> useful for testing Lua handlers without unplugging cables, and what bread-emit's fire-and-forget, no-reply-wait design still works against unchanged (a single JSON line write is still sufficient; no handshake was added).